US3710191A - Overvoltage arrester with several electrodes - Google Patents

Overvoltage arrester with several electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710191A
US3710191A US00189677A US3710191DA US3710191A US 3710191 A US3710191 A US 3710191A US 00189677 A US00189677 A US 00189677A US 3710191D A US3710191D A US 3710191DA US 3710191 A US3710191 A US 3710191A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ground electrode
principal
principal electrodes
overvoltage arrester
electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00189677A
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English (en)
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G Peche
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • overvoltage arresters In order to protect electrical installations, particularly telecommunication systems, it is generally known to utilize gas-filled overvoltage arresters, commonly called button arresters. Generally, such overvoltage arresters comprise two spaced metallic electrodes insulated from one another and facing each other in a gastight discharge vessel.
  • multiple path arresters which contain at east three electrodes which define several discharge paths (compare for example German Pats. 729,803 and 930,400).v
  • all discharge paths have substantially the same response voltage.
  • the purpose of a multiple path arrester resides in the fast ignition of the discharge paths in response to a pre-ionization caused by a first discharge over one of the paths.
  • transverse voltages cannot be eliminated completely with the multiple path arresters of the prior art, because in spite of the pre-ionization following ignition of the first discharge path, the remaining discharge paths respond with a certain ignition delay. In practice, therefore, when wiring telephone lines with multiple path arresters, an additional arrester having a low response voltage, for example, a 90-volt arrester, is connected between the A and B conductors.
  • the present invention therefore has as it primary object the provision of an overvoltage arrester which protects conductors associated in pairs both against voltage surges and against transverse voltages without the need of additional arresters or circuit members.
  • a protective spark gap with two stationary principal electrodes insulated from each other within a chamber that is placed under a high vacuum and surrounded by stationary trigger electrodes has been disclosed in the German published application 1,463,149.
  • the one principal electrode is to be connected with a conductor to be protected and the other principal electrode is to be connected to ground in contrast with the structure of the present invention wherein both principal electrodes are placed electrically parallel with a ground electrode.
  • the present invention makes it possible to effectively protect conductors associated in pairs, on which voltage surges are to be expected, with a single overvoltage arrester in such a manner that as voltage surges occur between the conductors, harmful transverse voltages are avoided.
  • An overvoltage arrester according to the invention is intended in particular for use in telephone installations having input and intermediate amplifiers equipped with transistors. Therefore, the two principal electrodes of the arrester are associated in each case with the A and B conductors of a telephone line, while the ground electrode is connected to a reference potential, usually ground. As soon as the telephone or telecommunication line is subjected to an inadmissibly high voltage surge, one of the two principal discharge gaps ignites.
  • transverse voltages between the A and B conductors of the conductor pair affected are compensated by way of a secondary discharge path which has a lower response voltage, whereby the accomplished ignition of a principal discharge path causes the secondary discharge path to ignite at an accelerated rate by pre-ionization thereof.
  • the response voltage of a gas discharge over-voltage arrester substantially depends on the electrode distances, the composition of the electrode surfaces and on the gas load. Since the discharge gaps of an overvoltage arrester according to the invention are all placed in the same discharge vessel, the desired differential response voltages of the principal discharge gaps on the one hand and of the secondary discharge gap on the other hand are accomplished by differential electrode distances and/or different activations of the electrodes.
  • the ends of the secondary discharge gap will be decreased between the principal electrodes defining the gap by providing tapered ends of the principal electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional elevational view of an overvoltage arrester having a coaxial electrode arrangement, according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional elevational view of an overvoltage arrester according to the present invention having tongue-shaped electrodes;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevational view of an embodiment of an overvoltage arrester according to the present invention in the form of a so-called button arrester.
  • a gas discharge overvoltage arrester comprises a pair of cylindrical pin electrodes 1, hereinafter called principal electrodes, facing each other on a common axis and having flat facing surfaces.
  • the principal electrodes 1 are coaxially surrounded by a hollow cylindrical electrode 2, hereinafter called the ground electrode.
  • the ground electrode 2 together with a pair of insulating bodies 3 and a pair of metal terminal caps 4 form a gas-tight discharge vessel.
  • the annular insulating bodies 3 are preferably made of a ceramic material.
  • the metal terminal caps 4 receive and are connected to respective ones of the principal electrodes 1.
  • the discharge vessel is loaded with a gas, particularly a rare gas.
  • a discharge takes place in the annular gap 5 located between the principal electrodes 1 and the ground electrode 2 upon application of an electric voltage between the principal electrodes 1 on the one hand and the ground electrode 2 on the other hand when a certain value (response voltage) of the electrical voltage is exceeded.
  • the space in which a discharge takes place will hereinafter be called the principal discharge gap.
  • Another discharge gap is located between the principal electrodes 1 where the ends thereof are in proximity to each other, that is, in an area 6 between opposite ends of the pinshaped principal electrodes 1.
  • the ends of the pin-shaped principal electrodes 1 secondary facing each other are separated from their jacket surfaces defining the annular gap with the principal discharge gaps 5, the jacket surfaces being coated with a substance (activating substance) for promoting electron emission ability, if necessary.
  • the distance of the principal electrodes 1 defined in the secondary discharge gap 6 and the electrode activation layers 7 applied thereto, which comprise a substance of high electrode emission capability, should be so dimensioned that the response voltage of the secondary discharge gap 6 is lower than the response voltage of both principal discharge gaps 5 located in the area between the principal electrodes 1 and the ground electrode 2.
  • the principal discharge gaps 5 will be dimensioned for a rated response of 230 volts, and the secondary discharge gap 6 for a response voltage of volts.
  • FIG. 2 there is illustrated an embodiment of an overvoltage arrester according to the invention with tongue-shaped electrodes (so-called tongue arresters).
  • the principal electrodes 1 thereby comprise two tongues inserted into a housing 8 of insulating material, made from glass or ceramic, and the tongues extend parallel and are juxtaposed. In their respective central areas, the tongues are proximal each other to form a secondary discharge gap 6.
  • a ground electrode in the shape of an additional tongue 2 extends into the area between the tongue-shaped principal electrodes 1 and together therewith forms the basis for two discharge gaps 5 of the principal type.
  • the principal discharge gas 5 and the secondary discharge gap 6 are dimensioned in an analogy with the apparatus described in FIG. 1 and thus act in the same manner as there described.
  • the principal electrodes 1 on the one hand and the ground electrode 2 on the other hand are extended at opposite ends through the insulation material of the housing 8 to the exterior of the housing.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an overvoltage arrester according to the invention constructed as a so-called button arrester.
  • the principal electrodes 1 are frusto-conical caps known as such from the prior art which are inserted in a gas-tight manner into the ends of a pair of tubular bodies 9 of insulation material.
  • the principal electrodes 1 have a further curved tray-like portion in their centers with the curves 10 facing each other so that they form therebetween a secondary discharge gap 6 having a low response voltage.
  • a metallic annular disk divides the body 9 of insulation material into two mirror-image halves and engages the area between the principal electrodes 1 outside the tray-shaped curves and is utilized as a ground electrode 2.
  • principal discharge gaps 5 are provided between opposite surfaces of the ground electrode 2 and the principal electrodes 1, these surfaces being advantageously coated as in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a substance of high electron emission capacity.
  • the response voltage of the principal discharge gaps 5 again is higher than that of the secondary discharge gap 6.
  • an overvoltage arrester according to the invention may also comprise additional electrodes according to the principal of known multi-path arresters.
  • Other changes and modifications of the present invention may become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is to be understood that I intend to include within the patent warranted hereon all such changes and modifications as may reasonably and properly be included within the scope of my contribution to the art.
  • An overvoltage arrester having at least two discharge paths, comprising a ground electrode, at least two principal electrodes which with said ground electrode form said discharge paths, said ground electrode spaced from and symmetrically disposed with respect to said principal electrodes to define a first discharge path, said principal electrodes spaced apart and defining a second discharge path therebetween, said second discharge path having a response voltage that is less than that of said first discharge paths, and a gas-tight vessel connected to said electrodes and enclosing said discharge paths.
  • said principal electrodes comprise a pair of cylindrical pins spaced from each other on a common axis and said second discharge path therebetween, and said ground electrode comprises a hollow cylinder concentric about and spaced from said cylindrical pins to define said first discharge paths therebetween.
  • each of said pins includes a stepped down portion at its end which faces the other such pin.
  • An overvoltage arrester according to claim 2, wherein said housing includes a pair of end caps, and a 'pair of insulating hollow cylinders connecting respective ones of said end caps to said ground electrode.
  • said principal electrodes comprise a pair of parallel extending juxtaposed elongate members
  • said ground electrode comprises a pin disposed between said pair of elongate members defining therewith said first discharge paths, portions of said members extending toward and parallel one another in the centers of said members.
  • An overvoltage arrester according to claim 5, wherein said housing includes insulating material at least at its opposite ends, and said ground electrode and said principal electrodes extend through said insulating material through the respective ends.
  • said principal electrodes comprise a pair of frusto-conical caps each including a central portion further cupped in the same direction as the cupping of the frusto-conical cups, said electrodes disposed with said central portions facing each other, said ground electrode comprises a metal disc having a central aperture concentricwith and disposed about and of a greater diameter than said central portions, and a pair of hollow insulating cylinders connecting respective ones of said principal electrodes to said ground electrode in a gas-tight manner forming said housing.
  • An overvoltage arrester comprising a telephone line having a pair of line conductors connected to respective ones of said principal electrodes, and said ground electrode connected to a reference potential.

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US00189677A 1970-12-08 1971-10-15 Overvoltage arrester with several electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3710191A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702060388 DE2060388B2 (de) 1970-12-08 1970-12-08 Ueberspannungsableiter mit mehreren elektroden

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US3710191A true US3710191A (en) 1973-01-09

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US (1) US3710191A (de)
JP (1) JPS5616515B1 (de)
CH (1) CH531264A (de)
DE (1) DE2060388B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2117460A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1319924A (de)
IT (1) IT941922B (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791711A (en) * 1972-10-13 1974-02-12 Telecommunications Ind Method of fabricating a three-terminal voltage surge arrester
US3885202A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-05-20 M O Valve Co Ltd Excess voltage arresters
US3885203A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-05-20 M O Valve Co Ltd Excess voltage arresters
US3896343A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-07-22 M O Valve Co Ltd Heat-operated short-circuiting arrangements
US4051546A (en) * 1975-12-04 1977-09-27 Cook Electric Company Gas tube arrester protector
US4142220A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-02-27 Reliable Electric Company Multi arc gap surge arrester
US4305109A (en) * 1979-03-21 1981-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge arrester for a plurality of lines to be safeguarded
EP0056282A1 (de) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter
US4644441A (en) * 1983-09-22 1987-02-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Sankosha Discharge-type arrester
US4769736A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-09-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas discharge surge arrester
US5159243A (en) * 1989-12-20 1992-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hollow electrode switch
US5995353A (en) * 1997-06-17 1999-11-30 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus for discharging an electrostatic discharge via a spark gap coupled in series with a high impedance network
CN108054744A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-05-18 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 一种多极多层间隙型电涌保护器
CN108063432A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-05-22 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 一种高稳定性多极多层间隙型电涌保护器

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60130115U (ja) * 1984-02-10 1985-08-31 スズキ株式会社 自動車の空調制御装置
DE10066231B4 (de) * 2000-02-22 2006-10-12 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannungen
DE10018012B4 (de) * 2000-02-22 2005-02-24 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannungen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522570A (en) * 1968-04-08 1970-08-04 Ajr Electronics Corp Fail-safe over-voltage protector
US3564473A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-02-16 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Surge protector

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564473A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-02-16 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Surge protector
US3522570A (en) * 1968-04-08 1970-08-04 Ajr Electronics Corp Fail-safe over-voltage protector

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791711A (en) * 1972-10-13 1974-02-12 Telecommunications Ind Method of fabricating a three-terminal voltage surge arrester
US3885202A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-05-20 M O Valve Co Ltd Excess voltage arresters
US3885203A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-05-20 M O Valve Co Ltd Excess voltage arresters
US3896343A (en) * 1973-03-23 1975-07-22 M O Valve Co Ltd Heat-operated short-circuiting arrangements
US4051546A (en) * 1975-12-04 1977-09-27 Cook Electric Company Gas tube arrester protector
US4142220A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-02-27 Reliable Electric Company Multi arc gap surge arrester
US4305109A (en) * 1979-03-21 1981-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge arrester for a plurality of lines to be safeguarded
EP0056282A1 (de) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter
US4433354A (en) * 1981-01-14 1984-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-discharge surge arrester
US4644441A (en) * 1983-09-22 1987-02-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Sankosha Discharge-type arrester
US4769736A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-09-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas discharge surge arrester
US5159243A (en) * 1989-12-20 1992-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hollow electrode switch
US5995353A (en) * 1997-06-17 1999-11-30 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus for discharging an electrostatic discharge via a spark gap coupled in series with a high impedance network
CN108054744A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-05-18 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 一种多极多层间隙型电涌保护器
CN108063432A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-05-22 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 一种高稳定性多极多层间隙型电涌保护器
CN108054744B (zh) * 2018-01-30 2024-05-14 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 一种多极多层间隙型电涌保护器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH531264A (de) 1972-11-30
GB1319924A (en) 1973-06-13
DE2060388B2 (de) 1977-05-26
FR2117460A5 (de) 1972-07-21
JPS5616515B1 (de) 1981-04-16
IT941922B (it) 1973-03-10
DE2060388A1 (de) 1972-06-29

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