US3720071A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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US3720071A
US3720071A US00045976A US3720071DA US3720071A US 3720071 A US3720071 A US 3720071A US 00045976 A US00045976 A US 00045976A US 3720071D A US3720071D A US 3720071DA US 3720071 A US3720071 A US 3720071A
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heat exchanger
compartments
plates
gas
condensate
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US00045976A
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G Nasser
H Waldmann
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0012—Vertical tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Foreign Application Priority Data
  • a heat exchanger especially a condensate-evaporator or like umt for a gas-rectification column in which a June 14, Germany prismajc heat exchange is surrounded a cylindrical housing such that sectoral compartments UuS- CL l form passages for the fluids traversing the heat [5 Il'rt. Cl. ex hanger The of the heat exchanger con- Field of Search 29, sists of a stack of plate pairs, the plates of each pair 42 being corrugated such that alignment of the corrugations produces tubes.
  • the tubes of the stacked arrays References Cled are staggered from one array to the next and commu- UNITED STATES PATENTS rucate yia a space at the bottom of the cylinder housmg, with one of the sectoral compartments.
  • the 3,610,330 10/1971 Nasser ..165/166 device functionally connects but physically separates 2,044,372 6/1936 Twomey... the high-pressure and low-pressure sides of a column. 3,106,957 10/1963 Cann0n....
  • SHEET 10F 3 I o 2 INVENTORS Gama! el din Nasser BY Hons Woldmonn FIG] 5M9?
  • ATTORNEY PATENTEUHARI 3197s SHEET 2 BF 3 Fuss ATTORNEY PATENTEUMARI 3 I975 SHEET 3 BF 3 III II F I G 5 F l G 6 NIHIH
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger of the general type described and claimed in our commonly assigned copending application Ser. No. 773,082, filed Nov. 4, 1968 (now U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,330 issued Oct. 5, 1971) by Gamal el din Nasser, one of the present joint inventors.
  • heat exchangers relate to heat exchangers and, more particularly, to devices for the indirect heat exchange between fluids, i.e. heat transfer through a thermally conductive wall separating two compartments traversed by the respective fluids; in specific terms, heat exchangers of this type may be used for gas rectification, i.e. the separation of gas mixtures by lowtemperature processes such as condensation and refluxing, and especially air rectification in accordance with the principles of the Linde-Frankl method.
  • tube-bundle heat exchangers having tube sheets at the gas-entry side of the device have the substantial disadvantage that a relatively large temperature differential exists across the tube sheet since the latter, at one side, is exposed to the high-temperature gas and at the other side is exposed to the low-temperature and high-pressure cooling medium.
  • the tube sheet is subjected to a substantial pressure differential equal to the difference between the hot-gas pressure on the entry side and the coolant pressure on the opposite side of the tube sheet.
  • a substantial pressure differential equal to the difference between the hot-gas pressure on the entry side and the coolant pressure on the opposite side of the tube sheet.
  • a tube-bundle heat exchanger with a pair of tube plates lying in planes parallel to the array of mutually parallel tubes to be formed therebetween and having on their confronting sides a plurality of spacedapart parallel concavities or corrugations which mutually register to constitute the respective tubes between them.
  • the relatively thin-walled plates were preferably formed with the respective concavities by deformation of the plates to yield corrugations.
  • Each concavity extended over an arc of about and the concavities were separated by webs lying in a diametral plane of the tubes of the array and generally planar so as to be coextensive with the corresponding webs of the confronting plate.
  • each tube of the heat exchanger of application Ser. No. 773,082 is defined between a pair of such plates which are in approximate mirror-symmetry about a plane of symmetry extending through the axes of all of the tubes of a particular planar array and defined by the abutting faces of the flat rectangular webs between each pair of tubes of the array.
  • the tubular members themselves were constituted by semicylindrical corrugation troughs which registered with corresponding troughs of the oppositely facing plate.
  • the plates were generally rectangular in plan view but were formed at their small sides or ends with outwardly flared or bent quarter-round flanges or lips (marginal portions) which were welded to the outwardly turned corresponding flanges of neighboring plates so that the interconnected flanges together formed end walls or bottoms of the chambers between the tubes constituted by the pairs of mutually facing registering corrugations in a construction generally similar to that of a unitary tube sheet. Furthermore, the longitudinal edges of the plates of each array were welded together parallel to the corrugations and the tubes constituted thereby.
  • each pair of plates were offset or staggered with respect to the neighboring tubes, approximately by the diameter of the tubes and in a direction perpendicular to the tubes. If each pair of plates was formed with an array of semicylindrical corrugations in accordance with the principles of application Ser. No. 773,082, the plates could constitute unit elements which were reversed with respect to one another but were of identical form. The plates could then be welded together in mirror symmetry. A stack of similar plates was joined together to form the tube bundle, the plates being mass-produced at relatively low cost.
  • Each of the plates was of a length slightly more than twice the length of the array and was bent at the end of the rectangle to form a pair of plate portions whose corrugations opened in opposite directions so that when the corrugated portions of the plate on either side of the bend overlay or confronted one another, the corrugations of one plate portion constituted right-hand tube halves while the corrugations of the other plate portion formed left-hand tube halves of the next array.
  • the width of this double-length plate corresponded to the height of the tube array.
  • the rounded outwardly-curved flanges were provided, for contiguous welding to the adjoining sets of plate portions.
  • the corrugations in the tube portions of the double-length plates were so formed as to be offset from one another by approximately half of a center-to-center distance between the pairs of semicylindrical corrugations.
  • the end edges of the borders of the plates are provided with transition members on flanges which could also be described as leveling flanges adapted to affix the tube bundle to the heat-exchanger housing.
  • the latter was an elongated casing which surrounded the body of the tube bundle and was provided with radial inlet and outlet fittings to receive the cooling liquid and to remove any residual cooling liquid as well as vapors formed in the coolant compartment.
  • the housing also comprises a pair of hood members in the form of angular flanges to which the leveling flanges of the plates were welded.
  • the ends of the plates proximal to the flange rings were formed with corrugations or pleated portions designed to accommodate thermal expansion or contraction stresses at the hot-gas side of the tube bundle.
  • the space between the tube arrays at each end of the tube bundle was defined between sets of covers and walls constituted by the quarter-circular outwardly flat edges of the plates which were welded together along seams transverse to the tubes but parallel to the common axial plane of each tube array.
  • the transition or leveling flanges were provided to accommodate the outer boundaries of the tube bundle to the flanges of the housing which were bolted to the casing sandwiched between them.
  • the flanges of the housing were provided with inlet and outlet hoods for the introduction of the hot gas to be cooled and for the affluent gases, respectively.
  • the edge portions were relatively wide to space the tubes closest to the housing wall at a substantial distance therefrom which is greater than the spacing between the tubes to permit the trouble-free development of a temperature gradient corresponding to the temperature difference between the tube and the coolant or the coolant-enclosure housing.
  • the welded seams at which the tube bundle was fixed to the housing flanges were therefore destressed and the thermal stresses resulting from temperature differences were taken up by the relatively wide sheet metal strips along the respective plates.
  • the tube bundle of application Ser. No. 773,082 thereby eliminated the need for tube sheets at the opposite ends of the heat exchanger since the closure of the coolant chamber was accomplished by the ends of the same plates which produced the tubes.
  • the tubes and end walls had practically the same wall thickness, thereby eliminating temperature differential stresses between tubes and tube sheets.
  • the housing structure was designed such that the inlet for the cooling liquid was located at the bottom of the unit while the outlet means extended upwardly therefrom and communicated above the housing with a separate chamber in which the condensate is precipitated.
  • the chamber was connected by a conduit with one or both of the inlet fittings in a return path for the accumulated liquid at the lower side of the housing.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a lowcost efficient heat exchanger of relatively simple construction and of particular suitability for use in cryogenic processes.
  • an object of the invention to provide an improved heat exchanger adapted to be used as a reflux boiler, condenser-evaporator, or head condenser in a single or double air-rectification column, of the Linde- Frankl type.
  • a heat exchanger which basically comprises a cylindrical cas ing having a vertical axis and a prismatic heat-exchange body having at least four surfaces lying along chords of the cylinder and defining chambers and ducts therewith which communicate with the body of the heatexchanger unit.
  • This prismatic assembly consists, in accordance with the principles of the earlier application, of a plurality of parallel arrays of parallel passages, each array of passages being defined between a pair of plates formed with confronting semicylindrical cavities which register to provide tubes of arcuate section.
  • the spaces between the pairs of plates and the tube arrays define inner compartments, according to the present invention, which are closed at top and bottom, by outwardly flared flanges or marginal portions of the plates defining each tube array and butt-welded together along horizontal seams.
  • the segmental chambers defined between opposite flat sides of the prismatic body and the cylindrical housing communicate laterally with the intermediate compartments.
  • At least one pair of cylinder-segmental compartments is defined by a pair of walls lying along chords of the cylinder and flank the prismatic body parallel to the plates thereof.
  • a further wall constituting a chamber opening upwardly and into the interior of the tubes or passages of the array and communicating with cylinder-segmental ducts defined by the plates.
  • the prismatic body must have at least four lateral sides although a larger number of sides is not excluded, it being preferred that there be an even number of lateral sides, i.e. four, six, eight, etc.
  • the prismatic body constitutes part of a condenser-evaporator for use in a double column of the Linde-Fraenkle air-rectification type, as a head condenser in an air-rectification column or as a reflux boiler in the sump of such a column and is built directly in the cylindrical column which here forms the case.
  • the advantage of this construction is that the plate stack allows, for any fluid capacity, a relatively small height and eliminates the need for expansion of the column.
  • the low-pressure medium may traverse the round-section passages (concave passages) while the high-pressure medium traverses the intermediate compartments so that stress upon the stack and upon the plates is distributed and used to stabilize the assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a horizontal crosssection through an airrectification condenser-evaporator according to the present invention, taken generally along the line I I of FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-section taken along the line II II ofFIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-section taken at right angles to the cross-section of FIG. 2 and along the line III III of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 4 6 are diagrams representing various configurations of the profiled plates used in the air-rectification installation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view through the system of FIG. 6, illustrating additional features of the invention.
  • a condenser-evaporator for an air-rectification installation, by way of example.
  • air is separated into its components by liquefaction and fractional vaporization, the coolant being a liquefied or gaseous rectification product, eg nitrogen or oxygen.
  • a gas is thereby cooled to form a condensate which can be collected and vaporized elsewhere in the system if the desire is to obtain the pure or relatively pure gas.
  • the condensate can be retained in a liquid state.
  • a liquid rectification product may be introduced such a heat exchanger and vaporized therein while cooling the relatively warmer fluid.
  • FIGS. 1 3 of the drawing we show a cylindrical rectification column provided at 1 with a condenserevaporator or condenser-boiler heat exchanger in accordance with the present invention.
  • flow passages 2 of the circular or round cross-section type which may hereinafter be described as tubes, the passages 2 being arrayed in parallel rows with respective axes defining planes parallel to the planes of the other arrays of passages and parallel to the vertical axis of the tower.
  • the passages 2 are transversely spaced by a distance D which is slightly less than 2r, r constituting the radius of the passage or tube.
  • tubes 20 and 2b of a pair of adjacent or neighboring arrays are transversely offset or staggered by a distance S equal approximately to D/2 or half the distance between the tubes measured center to center.
  • the passages 2 of each planar array are formed by joining two semitube-profile (corrugated) plates or sheets 3 and 4, again best seen in FIG. 1.
  • the plate 3 is provided with semicylindrical concavities 3a, spaced apart by flat rectangular webs 3b and registering with similar concavities 4a deformed in the plate 4 and spaced by webs 4b.
  • the webs between the semicylindrical concavities likewise are juxtaposed and, when the plates are sealed in face-to-face relationship with their semicylindrical concavities in registering relationship, they define the tubes 2.
  • the profile plates 3 and 4 are formed along their edges lying perpendicular to the axis of the housing with slightly rounded horizontally extending sections 5 and 6 which are joined together along butt-welded seams 7 whereby compartments are defined between the adjacent tube arrays as represented, for example, at 19.
  • each pair of plates is welded together along the edges 8 parallel to the axis of the column.
  • the plates 10 and 11 define with the cylindrical housing wall 1 cylindrical segments 12 and 13, corresponding to sections lying along chords of the cylinder 1 and which communicate with a space 9a (FIG. 2) below the openings 9 as indicated at 31.
  • the bottom of the space 9a is defined by an upwardly convex floor 14 which is generally horizontal and is centered upon the axis of the cylinder, while having planar end portions 14a welded to the inner wall of the cylinder beneath the ducts 12 and 13.
  • the marginal portions of the floor 14 curve upwardly as represented at 14b to define a manifold registering with the array of bottom openings 9.
  • the ducts l2 and 13 can communicate only with the space 9a and only with the passages 2 at the bottom thereof.
  • Additional walls may be provided to form, between the cylinder-segmental ducts 12 and 13, a pair of further cylindrical segmental chambers 17 and 18 laterally communicating with the spaces 19 intermediate the tube arrays 2 formed between each pair of tube plates 3, 4.
  • the intermediate spaces 19 can, as shown in the drawing, be fully open into the chambers 17 and 18.
  • a simple construction is provided when the edges of the plates 3 and 4 confronting the chambers 17 and 18 lie along common planar surfaces 20 (FIGS. 1 and 3), the surfaces 20 extending along chords of the cylinder 1 and defining the segmental chambers 17 and 18.
  • the array of tube plates is prismatic and has eight lateral sides, i.e.
  • the chambers 17 and 18 are closed at their upper ends by inclined partitions 21 and 22 (FIG. 3) while they remain open downwardly in regions unobstructed by the bottom wall 14. At the upper ends, the chambers 17 and 18 communicate with radial outlet ducts 23 and 24 (FIG. 3) which connect with the chambers through the wall of the cylindrical housing 1 within the space bounded by the inclined plates 21 and 22.
  • the partitions 28 also run through the cylinder'segmental chambers 17 and 18 to separate the upper regions 26 and 27 thereof from the lower regions therebeneath (FIG. 3).
  • the partitions 28 in the intermediate compartments 19 may be of corrugated configuration parallel to the axes of the passages 2 and corresponding to the corrugations defining the chambers 19 whereby a tight fit about the corrugations is provided. Reference is made, at this point, to the plate 128 of FIG.
  • the partition 128 also has corrugations complementary to those of the intermediate space 19, 119 and fits about the plates 3, 4 and 103, 104 sealingly.
  • the plate l28b may be smooth-edged and engage in creases (128a) in the plates.
  • the device of FIGS. 1 3 may be employed in a rectification, as a condenser-evaporator in the following manner.
  • the condenser-evaporator is incorporated in an air-rectification column (see the Handbook of Chemical Engineering cited earlier) having a multiplicity of stages in the column portion above the condenser-evaporator, the lowest stage or bottom 30 being illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the liquid oxygen collected on the bottom 30 passes, as represented by arrow 31, through the cylinder-segmental ducts l2 and 13 to the lower inlets 9 of the passages or tubes 2 (see FIG. 2).
  • the rectification column above the condenserevaporator may have the usual perforated plate or hellcap plate 30a and is formed with a weir 30b defining the thickness of the liquid layer 300 of oxygen thereon. Gases rising through the perforated plate, therefore, bubble through this liquid layer in accordance with airrectification principles.
  • the accumulation of liquid on the perforated plate 30a leads to overflow at the weirs which are provided with vapor-excluding traps 30d leading the overflow liquid into the ducts 12 and 13.
  • the liquid oxygen passes upwardly through the tubes 2 as best seen on FIGS. 2 and 3 and as represented by the arrows 31.
  • the liquid oxygen is evaporated in part by heat absorption through the walls of the tubes from the fluid traversing the chambers 19 so that the vapors pass upwardly from the tubes 2 (arrows 32) and traverse the bottom 30 of the rectification column.
  • Gaseous nitrogen is fed, as represented by arrows 32, from the underlying portion of the rectification column (FIG. 3) to the cylindrical segmental chambers 17 and 18 and thence through the compartments 19 between the tube plates 3 and 4 laterally.
  • The'nitrogen by heat transfer through the walls of the tubes 2, is liquefied (condensed) as a film on the surfaces of the plates 3 and 4 bounding the compartments l9 and externally of the tubes 2, the condensate passing downwardly along the walls (arrows 34) and being collected in the horizontal sections 5 and 6 whereby the condensste is led downwardly (arrow 34 in FIG. 3) to the overlying portion of the rectification column along the sides thereof.
  • the helium flow path is represented by the arrows 36.
  • FIGS. 4 6 and 7 we have shown, in diagrammatic form, configurations of condensate-film breakers as are provided on the walls of the compartments 19, i.e. on the outer surfaces of the tube plates 3 and 4.
  • the condensate film is broken by vertical ribs 37 which are disposed in parallel relationship along a plurality of vertically spaced rows, the rows being inclined downwardly from one side of the plate to the other.
  • Such arrays may be spaced along the walls of compartment 19 or may extend over the entire wall, the corrugations being unillustrated in this Figure and FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the vertical ribs 37 are of limited height and length and cooperate with inclined condensate-collecting ribs 38 which extend along each array of vertical ribs 37.
  • the condensate-collecting ribs 38 are of greater height than the ribs 37 and we have found, in practice, that the vertical ribs 37 should have a height of 0.5 to 0.7 mm while the ribs 38 should have a height of about 1 mm.
  • All of the condensate-collecting ribs 38 are parallel and of the same inclination (about 20 to the horizontal) and, in the region of the edge of the plate, terminate to define a downwardlyextending condensate channel 39 which leads to the floor of the intermediate chambers 19.
  • the vertical ribs 37 extend in inverted-V arrays and co-operate with condensate-collecting ribs 40 and 41 which extend symmetrically upwardly to a vertex 42 lying approximately at the center of the plate.
  • the downwardly inclined condensate-collecting ribs terminate short of a pair of downwardly extending channels formed along the opposite vertical sides of the ribs. Since the condennicating with at least one of said chambers and said sate is required in the system of FIG. to travel a shorter path, it is led from the plate more rap'idly'and the heat transfer to the condensation side is improved.
  • the condensate-collecting ribs 45, 46 extend along zigzag patterns or undulations while the vertical ribs 37 are of greater or lesser length, depending upon the pattern.
  • the sections 45 and 46 of the condensate-collecting ribs extend respectively upwardly and downwardly, when considered from one side of the plate to the other and are of equal length to form vertices as described in connection with FIG. 5 as well as nodes at which traversely extending dropping projections 47 are provided (see also FIG. 7).
  • the dropping projections 47, 47 of the tube walls flanking the intermediate compartment 19 or 119 reach approximately to the center of the intermediate compartment and are there provided with a condensate-runoff foil 50 of synthetic resin, the foil being perforated at 51.
  • the foil 50 has the same area as the projection of the condensation surface.
  • the condensate is found with the system of FIGS. 6 and 7 to reach the bottom of the tube array most rapidly, and is conducted most rapidly from the heatexchange surfaces so that optimal efficiency is provided.
  • the vertical ribs 37 and the condensate-collecting ribs 46' can be formed in the plates 3, 4 by pressing, embossment or the like, as shown for the plate 104.
  • the formations 37, 46, 47 may be provided as sheet-metal units which are secured, as to the plate 103, by immersion or sweat-soldering.
  • the inner surface of the tubes 2 can be provided with heatexchange-promoting formations (see plate 104) in a similar manner.
  • a gas-rectification double column having a cylindrical housing and operating with a low pressure fluid and a high pressure fluid, a prismatic heat-exchanger body received in said housing and having at least four generally planar sides defining with said housing corresponding cylinder-segmental chambers, said body being composed of a stack of tube arrays, each of said arrays being formed by a pair of juxtaposed plates formed with arcuate confronting semicylindrical concompartments communicating with at least another of said chambers, and means for passing heat-exchange fluids through said one and said other chamber and including a bottom wall defining a space below said body communicating with said tubes from below and with said one of said chambers, said compartments opening laterally directly into said other of said chambers, said lowpressure fluid being conducted through said tubes high-pressure side but enables heat exchange between said low-pressure side and the high-pressure side of said column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
US00045976A 1969-06-14 1970-06-15 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3720071A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1930347A DE1930347C3 (de) 1969-06-14 1969-06-14 Plattenwärmetauscher

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JP (1) JPS493749B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE805607Q (fr)
DE (1) DE1930347C3 (fr)
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GB (1) GB1292471A (fr)

Cited By (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58155594U (ja) * 1982-04-13 1983-10-18 株式会社神戸製鋼所 空気分離装置における主精留塔の主凝縮器
US4715431A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with boiling and condensing surfaces enhanced by extrusion
US4715433A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with doubly-enhanced plates
US6186223B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2001-02-13 Zeks Air Drier Corporation Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger
US6244333B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2001-06-12 Zeks Air Drier Corporation Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger
US20050039486A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2005-02-24 York Refrigeration Aps Submerged evaporator with integrated heat exchanger
US20080035314A1 (en) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Reflux condenser apparatus and method
US20100170666A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-08 Zess Inc. Heat Exchanger and Method of Making and Using the Same
US20110024097A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-02-03 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plate Heat Exchanger
EP1890100A3 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2012-05-23 Linde AG Déphlegmateur
US20150129185A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-05-14 Gea Ecoflex Gmbh Head Condenser
US20170108277A1 (en) * 2014-05-28 2017-04-20 Rbc Green Energy Ii, Llc Air-Cooled Heat Exchange System
US20190137182A1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2019-05-09 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US20190195565A1 (en) * 2016-10-13 2019-06-27 Ihi Corporation Pressure vessel
US12460871B2 (en) * 2022-02-04 2025-11-04 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1578468A (en) * 1976-09-08 1980-11-05 Hisaka Works Ltd Plate-type surface condenser
GB2058324B (en) * 1979-09-14 1983-11-02 Hisaka Works Ltd Surface condenser

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US2017240A (en) * 1933-05-09 1935-10-15 American Oxythermic Corp Process and apparatus for the resolution of gaseous mixtures
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US3106957A (en) * 1959-10-15 1963-10-15 Dow Chemical Co Heat exchanger
US3136037A (en) * 1955-10-31 1964-06-09 Olin Mathieson Method of constructing finned heat exchangers from bonded metal sheets
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US3397547A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Avoidance of explosion hazards in air fractionation by halogenated hydrocarbon additin
US3610330A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-10-05 Linde Ag Heat exchanger

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1316636A (en) * 1918-10-11 1919-09-23 Perfex Radiator Company Method of forming sheet metal.
US2017240A (en) * 1933-05-09 1935-10-15 American Oxythermic Corp Process and apparatus for the resolution of gaseous mixtures
US2044372A (en) * 1934-10-26 1936-06-16 Lee S Twomey Reboiler and condenser
US2375702A (en) * 1943-07-29 1945-05-08 Gen Electric Surface type heat exchanger
US3136037A (en) * 1955-10-31 1964-06-09 Olin Mathieson Method of constructing finned heat exchangers from bonded metal sheets
US3106957A (en) * 1959-10-15 1963-10-15 Dow Chemical Co Heat exchanger
US3256704A (en) * 1962-04-21 1966-06-21 Linde Eismasch Ag Plate condenser evaporator
US3397547A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Avoidance of explosion hazards in air fractionation by halogenated hydrocarbon additin
US3610330A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-10-05 Linde Ag Heat exchanger

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58155594U (ja) * 1982-04-13 1983-10-18 株式会社神戸製鋼所 空気分離装置における主精留塔の主凝縮器
US4715431A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with boiling and condensing surfaces enhanced by extrusion
US4715433A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with doubly-enhanced plates
US6186223B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2001-02-13 Zeks Air Drier Corporation Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger
US6244333B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2001-06-12 Zeks Air Drier Corporation Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger
US20050039486A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2005-02-24 York Refrigeration Aps Submerged evaporator with integrated heat exchanger
US7472563B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2009-01-06 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Submerged evaporator with integrated heat exchanger
US8080092B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2011-12-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Reflux condenser apparatus and method
US20080035314A1 (en) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Reflux condenser apparatus and method
EP1890099A1 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Déphlegmateur
EP1890100A3 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2012-05-23 Linde AG Déphlegmateur
US9103597B2 (en) * 2008-04-04 2015-08-11 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plate heat exchanger
US20110024097A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-02-03 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plate Heat Exchanger
WO2010080861A1 (fr) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-15 Zess Inc. Échangeur de chaleur et procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation
US20100170666A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-08 Zess Inc. Heat Exchanger and Method of Making and Using the Same
US20150129185A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-05-14 Gea Ecoflex Gmbh Head Condenser
US10247484B2 (en) * 2013-09-10 2019-04-02 Kelvion Phe Gmbh Head condenser
US20170108277A1 (en) * 2014-05-28 2017-04-20 Rbc Green Energy Ii, Llc Air-Cooled Heat Exchange System
US20190137182A1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2019-05-09 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US10648740B2 (en) * 2016-06-21 2020-05-12 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US20190195565A1 (en) * 2016-10-13 2019-06-27 Ihi Corporation Pressure vessel
US10928137B2 (en) * 2016-10-13 2021-02-23 Ihi Corporation Pressure vessel
US12460871B2 (en) * 2022-02-04 2025-11-04 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1930347B2 (de) 1974-08-01
FR2046775B1 (fr) 1974-08-09
GB1292471A (en) 1972-10-11
FR2046775A1 (fr) 1971-03-12
BE805607Q (fr) 1974-02-01
DE1930347C3 (de) 1975-03-20
JPS493749B1 (fr) 1974-01-28
DE1930347A1 (de) 1970-12-17

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