US37377A - Improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of tubes, pipes - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES -BEJAMIN RHODES, OF OLD FORD ROAD BOW, ENGLAND JAMES MCGEARY, OF SALEM, MASSACHUSETT PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OFTUiBES, IPIPES, &'c.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 37,317, dated January 67,1863.

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, BENJAMIN RHODES, of

Old Ford Road Bow, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented improvements in the machinery for and in the method of making cylinders, tubes, and otherwvessels from paper and other materials or fabrics; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters marked thereon.

My improvements in the machinery for malr- Aing or manufacturing cylinders, tubes, 4and other vessels from paper or other materials or fabrics, consist, rst, in constructing a .machine as follows: I arrange. and place within the side frames for carrying or receiving the rollers, mandrels, and gearing, a bath forv containing bitumen in a heated state. Within the bath is immersed to about half itsdiametera cylinder of suitable size, the length-cori responding with the greatest length to which j the'tubes or pipes can -be made from the width of the material 'employed. The main cylinder, round which the sheet of material is made to pass, may be made of cast-iron, with close ends and turned smooth; or it may be formed of strong wire-gauze around a frame or body, the ends of the cylinder in the latter case being open, to allow of the bitumen or mastic penetrating, and thereby coating, the

surface of the fabric in contact with the cylinder. The main cylinderis mounted at each,

end in bearings in the side frames, and mot-ion isgiven by means of wheel-gearing. The

bath being at one end of lthe main framing, there is mountedabove-the main cylinder the roller from whichthe sheet of continuous material is wound, and the various parts of the apparatus connected witl1 the winding off', guiding, saturating or bitumenizing, coiling up or forming, and also the revolving pressure-roller and the various levers, guides,

and gearing connected therewith, as also the means of raising, lowering, and' otherwise moving the several parts, and also the apparatus for cutting the sheet of material after each article .has been formed. At the opposite-end of the machine is mounted a cylinder, which may be used as apolishing-cylinder,'or, when desired, may be used as a cere for making large pipes. This cylinder is after it has been released from the jaws of the arms in which it had'worked, rolls till it is brought in contact with thepolishing-cylinder.

v'Thearrangement of the parts of' the machine by which the formation of the tubes or pipes' is effected consists in disposing and arranging avibrating-frame above the main cylinder, for the purpose of carryingI the mandrel v and permitting of a rising-and-falling -motion to compensate for the dierence in diameter of such .core,. and also of the, graduallyincreasing thickness of the coating coiled or. wound around it., This frame being sus pended at each end, one end-of each leverarm is formed as a toothed quadrant, which receives motion from a corresponding pinion, one of whichis ttedto each end of a spindle or shaft, so that by means of a hand-wheel at each extremity the mandrel or core is raised and lowered at pleasure. The opposite end of each of the lever-arms forming the vibrat-j ing frame is a double jaw or' gripper, within which the core is held, whileit is free to revolve when motion is communicated to it either through a toothed wheel-or other suitable gearing". Above the mandrel is mounted a freely-revolving pressure-roller, supported at -each end in a lever or arm, and capable of being loaded or acted upon by springs to give the requisite degree of pressure. These leverarms, with the pressure-roller, are capable of being raised and lowered by means of a chain or rope winding oi' and on a llong shaft or spindle revolving in bearings and rotated by a hand-wheel or winch-handle, and retained -iul any position by means of a pawl and ratchet.

The roller or shaft containing the roll of paper or other material is supported loosely in bear- 'in gs at the top of the machine, from whence the paper passes through a slot or guide on its way to the bath. Beneath the paper-roller is mounted a series of curved knives which are vacted upon or projected forward simultane.-

, A'ssrenon sro yframe are opened and the'v spindle of the mandrel is received upon the inclined rails and caused to roll downthe incline until it comes in contact with the polishing-roller, where it is held by a lever-arm on each side of the frame until the tube is finished.

For the purpose of cutting the ends of tubes thus made, or for the purpose of forming a se riesof short lengths of tube or socket pieces therefrom, I mount several arms containinglknife-blades or cutters at one end upon a square shaft so that their distance apart may be adjusted; and, as the squarev shaft works in bearings and is moved by a lever and treadle, the cutters can be simultaneously brought into action when they are required, and are thrown out of action or lowered when not required. '4

For making tubes or cylinders of large si ze say of three or four feet diameterthe large polishing-cylinder may be converted into a mandrel, and the requisite pressure and polishing of the tube may be effected bythe freely-revolvin g cylinder or roller mounted'at the back of the machine, as hercinbet'ore referred to; or a roller may be lit-ted in carriages at someintermediate point between the two parts of the machine, and by means of springs or weighted-levers it may be kept pressed against the polishing-cylinder during the accumulation of the material around the mandrel. Rotary motion is communicated to each of the parts requiring to be turned through wheel-gearing, and maybe disconnectcd and connected by means of clutches. The bath has a furnace beneath it by which the bitumenis maintained at a proper temperature. A gaging-roller is introduced into the bath and made to press against the paper and regulate the amount of bitumen taken up or retained by the paper on its way to the mandrel.

In the accompanying drawingsl have shown two views of a machine constructed according to this invention. Under the several figures the same letters of reference are employed to represent like-or corresponding parts of the machine or apparatus.

A is an octagonal roller, upon which the sheet of paper or other fabric is wound.

a is a wrought-iron pan having furnaces underneath with lues arranged sd as to'distribnte the heat to every part of the bottom and sides of the pan. The parts immediately over the tires are protected with fire-'tiles to prevent the plates'from burning.

B is an iron cylinder or roller, so xed as to be about one-half its diameter within the pan. This cylinder is open at the ends and is perforated in its surface to admit of the bitumen passing through-it and come in contact with the side of the sheet of paper next its surface.

C is a pair of arms working on axles l), attached to the main framing of the machine, and capable of being adjusted by means of set-screws. These arms aremade with jaws at the ends immediately over the center of the bitumen-roller B,- and made to open and shut by means of small levers and eccentries c.

The opposite curved ends of each arm have circular toothed racks d, which are set out o'r struck from the working-center. A pair of pinions, e, keyed on a shaft or bar running through from side to side of the machine, are

made to gear into the rack, and by means of a pair of hand-wheels, f f, the arms are raised orv lowered at pleasure.

c is the mandrel or core upon which the pipe is to be made. The size of the mandrel may be varied according to the diameter of pipe required to be made. Each mandrel may, when required, be provided with a movable conical collar-as marked gof larger diameter than the mandrel, for the purpose'of making pipes with tapered or conical sockets or faucets. The large cylinder B may also be fitted with a movable piece at the end, of a corresponding shape to the conical piece on the mandrel. This is `made in sections, so as to be easily movable.

r D is a hollow cylinder or roller, held in posi tion at each end by means of lever-bearings. The said cylinder is raised and lowered by means of chains attached and passing round a shaft, as shown. It has hollow axles, and by means of a flexible tube a current of cold water may be passed through it to keep it cool. 'll-his is the pressure-roller before referred to, and is intended to be used in the manufacture of small pipes or tubes to prevent the mandrels from .springing while resting thereon while the pipe is being wound or coiled up.

Eis what I call a gaging-roller.77 It is sup ported by a rocking bar, k, and arms or levers l, and'is made to press against the large cylinder B by means ofsprin gs or their e 1uivalents.` The Workman, by placing his footupon a lever, m, communicating .with the rocking bar that supports the roller, can put it out of contact while the end of the sheet is being brought up to the upper surface of the large cylinder B, on starting to coil the pipe.

F is a polished hollow cylinder mounted in bearings on the main framing. It is provided with an occasional supply of cold water passing through the inside of the same. It is made to revolve at a slow speed by means of bevel- Wheels communicating with the main shaft G, upon which similar gear is fitted for setting in motion the large cylinder, B', the 'shaft of which is fitted with a clutch-wheel, a, atv the end nearest the main shaft, and is thrown in and out of gear by means of a lever having a stud working in a groove in the said clutch. The opposite end of the shaft has also a spurwheel, o, of the same diameter as the large cylinder, but keyed on and geared into wheels partly supported by the said shaft and partly by the main framing of the-machine by means of links p and an axle that can be moved up and down-in a slot, q, so as to gear and set in` motion the spur-wheels on the. ends of each mandrel, irrespective of the size fsame, and by this means the increase of diameter is compensated for while the pipe is being coiled or wound around the mandrels.

H is a rocking bar, supported by the main framing ot' the machine. It has a number of arms, r, so fitted as to slide upon it, and capable of adjustmentby means of set-screws. Each arm has a slot at the end, in which a knife is held by means of set-screws, so that they can be readily removed for the purpose of sharpening, the use of these knives being to square or cut oft' theirregular ends of the pipes as they revolve against the cooling-cylinder F, and, by adjustment, to cut pipes into short lengths cr collars, if required. This bar is so arranged that the workman at the machine, by placing his foot upon la lever, s, can

bring up the knives in contact with the re- :volving pipe.

' I I are two bars, and are capable ot' adjustment by nuts and screws, according to the. size of pipes being made, set slightly on the incline, so that the mandrel C, beingV loesened from the jaws e c, will revolve by its own weight until it arrives at the cooling and polishing cylinder F. Two small bearings, J J, are xed on the incline planes I I, and by means of studs or axlescan be turned up and held by springs, thus keeping the mandrel rmly held against the cooling and polishing cylinder F. v

K is a small cooling roller or cylinder, supported in two jaws, fu u, keyed onto the rocking bar and supported in the main framing. It is only required to be used in the manufacture of cylinders of very large diameter. Immediatelyunder the paper roll isplaced au apparatus containing a number of steel cuting tov make a pipe, a mandrel is coated with soap or grease, to prevent vthe bitumen lsticking. It is then placed in the jaws B B, and the sheet of paper or other material is brought down from the roll A, the end passing between the cuttin g-bars L. It is then stuck to the large cylinder B, which, being gently turned by theworkman, brings up the end of the sheet through the bath Iof melted bitumen,

and presents it on the upper surface' immedt.

ately under the mandrel, which, being pressed fixed over the paper roller, which may be i wound thereon. The workman then puts the knives into operation, andso cut-s oli the sheet from the paper roll, leaving the end ready to renew the operation as before. The mandrel is allowed to revolve a few moments, and then the jaws are opened, which liberate the mandrel and allow it t0 run down the inclines I I until it comes in contact with the lcooling and polishing cylinder F. Sandor line gravel may then be scattered or sit'ted onto the surface of the pipe and be pressed into the soft bituminous coating. rlhe small lever-bearingsJ J are then turned up against the spindle of the mandrel, and by means of springs are held so as to press against the cooling and polishing cylinder. The mandrel is then lifted by means ot'a crane and taken hold 1 of by'a crab, placed immediately over a well of cold water, into which it is lowered, and when sufficiently cool is then raised, the upper end being guided between a pair of iron brackets having slots for adj ustmentfor the different-sized mandrels. The end of the pipe coming in contact with the brackets, the mandrel is withdrawn. While this is being done, the operation of winding is being renewed at the front 'of the machine, and thus the process is almost continuous. The pipes are then' washed to cleanse them from the grease. When dry, they may have a glaze or cement lining put upon'the inside by pouring melted bitumen o r other cement through them.

Preparation of the ends of the pipes for joining: A galvanized 'or glazed iron hoop may be inserted in the spigot end of the pipe, to protect the end and give support te the same, and a wrought-iron ring or hoop may be cemented on the large or faucet end, so as to strengthen and give support when the pipes are being forced one within the other, the spigot end being turned or cutaway tol the same taper as ythe faucet, and which may be slightly warmed orsoftened inside before being joined together, or the surfaces may be touched with alittle varnish or luting.

In the drawing of my machine I have show the rollers and cylinders with conical additions at their ends for ,forming the ends corresponding thereto; but for making plain or parallel tubes those would not be used, and

"they may be removed.

In making pipes taper or of different thicknesses, the paper or sheet of material is gradually or proportionately reduced in width before it is wound on.

Instead ofbitumen being employed alone in the bath or pan for coating and saturating the paper or other material, I employ the distiied gastar ncombintion therewith, or l form :L mastic With bitumen and any oonvenient liquid capable of resisting the action of Water and Ioir.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1L The general consnruotion and arrange;

mont of parts of the machinery or appara-tus ooating of. the 'material employed for forming pipes,

3. The use or employment of cold. water circulating through the top pressure-rollen and the cooling and polishing cylinder offpp making machines. i

In testimony Whereof have signedfmy n name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

BENJAMIN R'HGEES Witnesses:

GEORGE Shams, WILLIAM Bonmns. v

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