US3739720A - Method of selective high speed printing using letters with flared limbs and gaps to compensate for smearing - Google Patents

Method of selective high speed printing using letters with flared limbs and gaps to compensate for smearing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3739720A
US3739720A US00078409A US3739720DA US3739720A US 3739720 A US3739720 A US 3739720A US 00078409 A US00078409 A US 00078409A US 3739720D A US3739720D A US 3739720DA US 3739720 A US3739720 A US 3739720A
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characters
limb
character
print
limbs
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US00078409A
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English (en)
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D Jones
A Kolthoff
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ELECTRONIC DATA PREPARATION CO
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ELECTRONIC DATA PREPARATION CO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/06—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by type-wheel printers

Definitions

  • the characters of each row of characters are identical and unlike the type characters in any other row and the array or arrangement of rows of characters is such with reference to the direction of rotation of the cylinder and the probable frequency of printing of the different characters in the printing of the composition that the characters are presented at a printing station in the order of increasing probability of printing.
  • the type characters on the drum are so constructed with reference to the direction of rotation of the cylinder as to compensate for smearing of the printed characters due to wiping movement of the characters relative to the print-receiving medium and thereby enable'the printed characters to present an appearance unmarred by smearing.
  • Some of the type characters on the cylinder are adapted to overprint or be overprinted by other type characters so as to produce printed characters unmeans of which a composition can be printed by the computer in virtually the same form as a typewritten composition.
  • Computer printers have been in use heretofore for the printing of compositions such as business letters, particularly advertising letters, which simulate typewritten letters but differ from conventional, printed circular-type communications in that the computer printed letters can incorporate some personal characteristics such as the inclusion of the recipients name in the body of the letter, as well as in the letter heading.
  • Some of the computer printers currently in use have the ability to print at a rate approaching 1,500 printed lines per minute, but such printers do not utilize lower case alphabetic characters.
  • Those computer printers which do utilize both upper and lower case characters operate at less than half the speed of those printers which utilize upper case characters only. Consequently, if it heretofore was desired to produce computer printed correspondence utilizing both upper and lower case letters, a great deal of the speed and efficiency of the computer was sacrificed.
  • those limbs of the printing surface of a type character which extend generally in the direction of movement of the character also cause the corresponding limbs of the printed character to be smeared, but in this instance such limbs of the printed character are elongated, rather than widened, and frequently taper to needle-like points. It is common, therefore, for one or more limbs of a printed character to be considerably thicker than the other limbs thereof and for some characters to be considerably longer than other characters, even though the length of such characters ideally should be uniform.
  • the result of the unavoidable smearing during imprinting therefore, is that the aspect ratio between limbs of a single character andbetween different characters is irregular and unsightly.
  • the arrangement or array of type characters on prior art carriers has varied from purely alphabetic and numeric sequencing to sequencing related to the most frequently used letters and numerals of a language. For example, some carriers have had their type characters arranged in alphabetical sequence, e.g., the character a, followed by the character b, followed by the character 0, and so on, whereas other carriers have had their characters arranged according tothe most frequently used characters, e.g., the character e, followed by the character t, followed by the character 0, and so on. Although the latter array is more efficient, particularly in an asynchronous computer printer, it does not result in the most efficient arrangement of characters for all purposes.
  • the lower case letter e is the most frequently encountered alphabetic letter in the English language, but this is not true with respect to the upper case letter E.
  • the upper case E and the lower case e should not be located adjacent one another.
  • the upper case letter D and the upper case letter Y will occur much more frequently in the printing of compositions such as business letters than in other compositions, due to the prevalence of the word Dear in correspondence salutations and the word Yours in the complimentary close.
  • the array of type characters on a carrier adapted for use in an asynchronous computer printer should be such as to conserve as much time as possible between the printing of the last character in a line of a page and the printing of the first character in the succeeding line of the page. It will be understood that printing does not occur during the time that the print-receiving page is indexed from one line to the next, but that the type character carrier continues to move during such indexing. Consequently, those rows of type characters which pass the printing station during paper indexing are not available for printing until such time as the paper indexing has been completed and the carrier has returned the passed characters to the printing station.
  • the array has been one of decreasing probability of use with reference to the direction of movement of the carrier.
  • the array of characters on the cylinder is in the order of decreasing probability of use in the direction of rotation of the cylinder.
  • Such an arrangement is not the most efficient array of characters.
  • any of the known computer printers having a continuously moving type character carrier there is only so much space available for type characters. If the printer is to be used in the printing of compositions such as business letters and the like utilizing both upper and lower case characters, it is essential that the carrier have the capability of printing the 26 upper case letters of the alphabet; the 26 lower case letters of the alphabet; the numeric characters; punctuation marks such as the comma, the period, the semicolon, the colon, the question mark, the apostrophe, the quotation marks, the exclamation point, the parentheses, the hyphen, and the slant line; and such symbols as the asterisk, the ampersand, and the dollar sign.
  • the carrier should include the pound sterling symbol. If all of these characters are included on a single carrier, the carrier would require 78 different characters. However, by utilizing sans-serif characters of the kind which enable one character to print more than a single character and which enable one character to overprint or be overprinted by another character so as to produce a character unlike either of the overprinted characters, it is possible to print 78 characters with fewer than 78 type characters.
  • An object of this invention is to provide apparatus and methods for computer printing which overcome the disadvantages of previously known methods and apparatus and which are more efficient than previously known methods and apparatus.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a computer printing type carrier adapted for continuous movement and wherein the type characters are so configured as to compensate for smearing of the printed characters due to wiping engagement between the type characters and the print-receiving medium.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a type character carrier and method for computer printing and wherein the characters are arrayed on the carrier in such manner with reference to the direction of movement of the carrier that the characters are presented to the printing station in the order of increasing probability of use with reference to the direction of movement of the carrier.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a type character carrier for printing computers and wherein the characters are so constructed as to enable selected ones thereof to print more than a single character and to enable certain characters to overprint others to produce characters unlike any of the overprinted characters, thereby providing a full range of characters required for the printing of a composition without necessitating the provision of each such character on the carrier.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a type character carrier for printing computers which is interchangeable with other carriers and which includes both upper and lower case letter characters to enable the printing of both upper and lower case alphabetic letters without impairment of the efficiency of the computer printer.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a computer printer of known construction with which apparatus constructed according to the invention is adapted to be used;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, and illustrating the printing apparatus incorporated in the computer printer shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a type character carrier constructed according to the invention, the scale of the figure being too small to permit identification of the characters supported thereon;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, enlarged, developed plan view of the surface of the carrier shown in FIG. 3 and illustrating in part the arrangement of the characters on the carrier, but not illustrating the specific configuration of the characters;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relative sizes of a printing hammer of the computer printer and the area within which a type character on the carrier is confined;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are plan views, on a greatly enlarged scale, of the printing surfaces of type characters constructed according to the invention and supported on the carrier of FIG. 3;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are plan views of the characters printed by the type characters of FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • Printing in accordance with the principles of the invention is effected by means of alcontinuously moving carrier on which type characters are supported for transient repetitive presentation to a printing station at which is positioned a print-receiving sheet and an ink transfer medium through which a selected character prints in response to the effecting of a printing impression between the print-receiving sheet and the type character. Due to the continuous movement of the type character carrier the character being imprinted will have wiping movement relative to the print-receiving sheet which inevitably will cause smearing of the ink transferred from the ink transfer medium to thenatureceiving sheet.
  • the type characters on the carrier are distorted in such manner as to compensate for smearing of ink on the sheet to be printed and the distortion of the type characters is of such nature with respect to the speed and direction of movement of the carrier that the characters printed on the sheet are not distorted, but instead have a uniform, regular, well-defined appearance.
  • Each of the characters is subjected to distortion of a similar nature, but not all characters need be distorted to the same degree inasmuch as some characters, such as the upper case M, are much larger than others, such as the lower case i.
  • the degree of distortion of each individual character therefore, is such that the aspect ratio or appearance of each printed character with reference to the others is balanced with respect to overall size and line thickness.
  • the array of characters on a carrier constructed in accordance with the invention is such that characters presented to a printing station are presented in the order of increasing probability of printing, the particular array being selected from a data base determined from the sampling of a large number of compositions printed in the language that is to be used in the printing of similar compositions by the carrier according to the invention.
  • the printer 1 includes a cabinet 2 within which is contained a print-receiving medium such as a continuous sheet 3 or pack of sheets which is indexed upwardly, as viewed in FIG. 1 in increments of either six or eight lines to the inch, according to the kind of printing operation to be performed.
  • a print-receiving medium such as a continuous sheet 3 or pack of sheets which is indexed upwardly, as viewed in FIG. 1 in increments of either six or eight lines to the inch, according to the kind of printing operation to be performed.
  • the sheet indexing is accomplished by means of sprockets, one of which is shown at 4, which engage perforations in the sheets and advance the latter incrementally to a printing station 5 at which is mounted a typeline or carrier 6 on which is embossed a plurality of axial rows of type characters and which is rotated continuously at the rate of 1,500 r.p.m. in the direction of the arrow a by a suitable drive belt 7 or the like.
  • an ink transfer medium 8 interposed between the sheet 3 and the carrier 6 is an ink transfer medium 8 which may comprise an inked ribbon or sheet which is unwound from one spool onto another by the ribbon winding mechanism (not shown).
  • a row of solenoid operated printing hammers 9 there being one such hammer for each type character in a row on the carrier 6, and each of the hammers is adapted to be actuated under the control of an optical sensing code disc (not shown) to move toward the carrier 6 so as to effect a printing impression between the hammer and the associated type character on the carrier 6 and effect an ink transfer from the ribbon 9 to the sheet 3.
  • the Century computer printer is furnished by the manufacturer with a typeline or type character carrier 6 having 64 rows of type characters and which is removable so as to enable any one of a plurality of carriers to be used interchangeably with the same printer.
  • a carrier constructed according to the invention differs in many respects from the carriers furnished by the printer manufacturer, the carrier of the invention is interchangeable with the manufacturers carriers and requires no modification of the printer other than the substitution of a code disc which is like the original code disc but is adapted to operate the print hammers in 72 rows of characters, rather than 64, and the associated electrical wiring of the code disc.
  • a typeline drum or type character carrier constructed according to the invention is designated generally by the reference character 6 and comprises an elongate, metal cylinder 10 having notches 11 at its opposite ends for accommodation of driving lugs driven from the driving means 7 of the printer 1.
  • the outer surface of the cylinder or drum has embossed thereon a plurality of axially extending rows of type characters, the rows being arranged substantially uniformly about the periphery of the drum and, in the disclosed embodiment, there are 72 rows of type characters.
  • Each row of characters contains the same number of characters and each character in a row is identical. The characters in any one row, however, are different from the characters in the remaining rows.
  • the number of characters in each row may vary, but preferably there are characters in each row and each character is located in a space having an axial width of 0.1 inch.
  • the total length of each row of characters therefore, is 16 inches.
  • the carrier thus is capable of printing a line up to 16 inches in length. In practice, it is possible to print simultaneously two ordinary business letters side-byside on sheets measuring 8% inches wide.
  • the height of a character in any one of the rows is limited by two factors.
  • the height of the character is limited by the necessity of providing space between the rows of characters so as to avoid shadowing during printing caused by a hammer 9 effecting not only a printing impression of the character to be printed, but also some portion of the characters in the adjacent rows.
  • the height of a character is limited by the corresponding dimension of the hammer by means of which a printing impression of the character is obtained.
  • Virtually all languages include at least one character having a portion thereof which normally extends below the bottom of a printed line.
  • characters such as the lower case the lower case p, the lower case q, and the like, have portions which, when printed, extend to a level below the level of other characters in a printed line.
  • Conventional computer printing does not provide for this characteristic and, consequently the characters printed by conventional computer printing mechanisms do not have the desired aspect ratio.
  • Type characters constructed according to the invention provide for such characteristics by establishing for each character a base line, indicated by the dotted line 14 in FIG. 5, located at a height h above the bottom line 13. All characters except those having portions adapted to extend below the bottom of other characters in a printed line have their lowermost edges located adjacent the base line 14.
  • the base line 14 is located 0.010 inch above the bottom line 13'. The nominal height of the remaining characters thus is 0.09 inch.
  • a drum l constructed according to the invention for printing correspondence in the English language must include, at the minimum, sufficient type characters to print the 26 upper case letters of the alphabet, the 26 lower case letters of the alphabet, the l0 digits, at least some symbols, and sufficient punctuation marks to enable conventional correspondence to be printed grammatically.
  • the upper and lower case alphabetic characters and the numeric characters alone total 62, thereby necessitating the provision of 62 rows of characters on the drum.
  • a typeline drum adapted for use iwth the Century 640-200 printed may have a maximum diameter of only 3.25 inches. It is impossible, therefore, to provide sufficient rows of characters on such drum to accommodate the 62 alphabetic and numeric characters and still provide the punctuation mark and other characters required to print grammatical correspondence.
  • This problem has been solved according to the invention by selecting a type face which enables certain characters to be shared, i.e., a single character has more than one meaning, and which has certain characters that can overprint or be overprinted by other characters so as to produce characters unlike any of the overprinted characters.
  • One type face which possesses these characteristics is the Artesian type face which has sans-serif alphabetic and numeric characters.
  • the Artesian 10 type face enables the upper case I to serve also as the lower case I and the numeral 1. It also permits the upper case 0 to serve as the numeral 0.
  • the upper case I also can be overprinted by, or overprint, the upper case S to form the dollar symbol.
  • the upper case Q can be formed by overprinting the upper case 0 with the comma, which results in the tail of the Q curling to the left, rather than to the right, but nevertheless is a recognizable Q.
  • the exclamation point can be printed by overprinting the apostrophe and the period.
  • the sharing of characters as indicated above enables the number of alphabetic characters required on the drum to be reduced from 52 to 50, the number of numeric characters to be reduced from 10 to eight, and makes it unnecessary to provide characters corresponding to the dollar symbol and the exclamation point.
  • 14 characters comprising the pound sterling sign, the slant line, the asterisk, the comma, the two parentheses, the colon, the quotation mark, the ampersand, the question mark, the semicolon, the hyphen, the apostrophe and the period may be included on the drum, making a total of 72 different characters and, consequently 72 different rows of characters.
  • the character sharing and overprinting characteristics make it possible for the 72 type characters to print a total of 78 different characters.
  • the 72 rows of characters may be provided on the 3.25 inch diameter drum without causing the objectionable shadowing.
  • FIG. 4 indicates the developed surface of the drum 10 and illustrates in part the array or arrangement of the rows of characters on the drum.
  • the drum 10 is asynchronous and, therefore, strictly speaking has no beginning row of characters.
  • the rows of type characters illustrated in FIG. 4 have been assigned numbers 1 through 72, the numbers increasing in the direction of rotation of the drum 10.
  • the rotation of the drum 10 is such as to effect movement of the rows of type characters past the printing station 5 in the direction of the arrow a, and if the row containing the pound sterling symbol happens to be the first row to arrive at the printing station, then the row containing the pound sterling symbol can be considered row 1, with each succeeding row having the next higher number.
  • the type character selected for inclusion in a particular row is an important consideration inasmuch as the printing speed and efficiency of the printer is directly related to the order in which the type characters are presented to the printing station.
  • the particular arrangement of the rows of characters may be determined by counting the number of times characters occur in compositions of the kind that are to be printed by the computer printer.
  • a typical letter would include alphabetic characters, numeric characters, punctuation marks, and symbols such as the dollar sign.
  • the type characters then can be arranged on the drum 10 in an order having a direct relationship to the probability of their being printed.
  • the arrangement of characters illustrated in FIG. 4 was selected for the purpose of writing most efficiently business letters in the English language directed to a person residing in the United states. From the data base determined by the examination of a large number of similar letters it was determined that the most frequently encountered character in such letters is the lower case e, and the most infrequently encountered character is the pound sterling symbol. The second most frequently encountered character is the lower case r, and the second least frequently encountered character is the slant line.
  • the characters on the drum 10 have been arranged, with reference to the direction of movement of the drum, in the order of increasing probability of printing.
  • the least likely character to be printed occupies row number 1
  • the next least likely to be printed character occupies row 2
  • the most likely character to be printed occupies row 72 which is adjacent row 1.
  • the type character drum 10 rotates continuously at the printing station 5
  • the array or arrangement of type characters on the drum 10 is as follows:
  • the printing impression has a duration which is instantaneous, but there nevertheless is relative movement of the drum and the print-receiving sheet during the printing impression due to the continuously transient movement of the drum.
  • the rotation of the drum thus results in wiping movement between a type character being printed, the ink transfer medium 8, and the professionceiving medium 3.
  • the ink transferred to the sheet 3 inevitably is smeared in the direction of wiping movement of the type character.
  • the smearing of the ink produces objectionable printed characters when the printing is done with conventional type character constructions.
  • an alphabetic character such as the sansserif upper case I
  • movement of the printing hammer toward the drum effects a gradually increasing printing pressure with the type character
  • movement of the printing hammer away from the drum following the printing impression effects a gradual decrease of the printing pressure.
  • the result of this when using conventional type characters carried bya rotating drum is that the printed character is needle-pointed at its opposite ends.
  • Type characters constructed in accordance with the invention are distorted in such manner as to compensate for the smearing due to wiping movement between the type character and the print receiving medium.
  • the smear compensating characteristics of the type characters are four in number.
  • the free ends of the limbs of type characters that are to print vertical limbs of printed characters are flared laterally of the direction of wiping movement so as to prevent the limbs of the printed characters from being needle-pointed.
  • the vertical limbs of the type characters are made thicker or wider than the horizontal or lateral limbs by an amount such that the smearing resulting from the wiping movement will result in. all limbs of the printed character being of substantially uniform width.
  • gaps are provided between intersecting limbs of a type character so as to avoid the smearing of ink into the included angle between the intersecting limbs, but the size and location of the gaps are such that the corresponding limbs of the printed character appear to be joined.
  • the overall height of the type character is less than the overall height of the character printed thereby by an amount such that the smearing due to wiping movement causes the printed character to have the desired height.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 disclose each type character on the carrier 10 and its location with respect to the height and base lines 13 and 14, respectively.
  • the upper case type character A has a printing surface composed of two upwardly converging limbs 15 and 16 that are joined by a cross limb 17.
  • the cross limb 17 is transverse to the direction of wiping movement which occurs between the type character and the print-receiving sheet 3 and, accordingly, is of less width than that of the limbs 15 and 16.
  • the upper ends of the limbs 15 and 16 are joined and extend slightly above the upper height line 13.
  • the lower ends of the limbs 15 and 16 terminate slightly above the base line 14 and are flared as at 18 laterally of the direction of wiping movement. Because the limbs 15 and 16 are themselves inclined to the direction of wiping movement, and thus result in smearing of the ink toward the bottom of the printed character, the free ends 18 need be flared only at thetouter surfaces of the limbs.
  • the printing surface of the lower case a type character has a limb 19 a substantial portion of which is parallel to the direction of wiping movement and which merges at its upper end with a limb 20 which is transverse to the direction of wiping movement.
  • the limb 20, therefore, is substantially thinner than the limb 19.
  • the loop of the lower case a has a limb portion 21 which extends generally parallel to the direction of wiping mvement. This limb portion, therefore, is made wider than the other limb portions 22 of the loop.
  • the lower end of the limb 19 is free and is flared as at 23 on both sides.
  • width between the limbs of any character, the extent of flaring of the flared ends, and the exact height of a character, or portions thereof, are directly related to the speed of the wiping movement and the duration of the printing impression.
  • Such dimensions can be determined empirically only, but for purposes of illustration, if a limb parallel to the direction of wiping movement has a width of about 0.004 inch, a limb transverse to the direction of wiping movement may have a width of about 0.001 inch, a limb inclined to the direction of wiping movement may have a width of about 0.002 inch, and the free end ofa flared limb may have a maxium width of 0.006 inch.
  • These dimensions are representative only, and changes may be made to provide the desired aspect ratio between the printed characters.
  • the upper case type character I has a minimum width greater than that of other vertical limbs, as a result of which the printed upper case I has a better appearance in relation to the other characters.
  • Some of the alphabetic characters have printing surfaces composed of limbs which extend along converging lines forming an included angle. In most instances in which the respective limbs converge toward the trailing end of the type character, i.e., opposite the direction of wiping movement of the character, and form an included angle of more than about thirty degrees, the wiping movement causes the smearing of ink into the space between the converging limbs at their zone of convergence and thus causes the printed characters to be unsightly in that they include a blot of ink between the converging limbs.
  • Such characters include, inter alia, the lower case h, the upper and lower case M, the upper and lower case N, and the lower case r.
  • Type characters constructed accordlng to the invention are configured in such manner as to prevent the smearing of ink between converging limbs of the printed characters so as to enable the juncture of such limbs to be sharply defined.
  • the printing surface includes a limb 24 which is parallel to the direction of wiping movement and a cross limb 25 which joins the limb 24 and extends laterally of the direction of wiping movement.
  • a gap 26 which parallels the limb 25 and is formed in the limb 24 at the leading side of the limb 25 with reference to the direction of wiping movement.
  • the upper case M character has a printing surface comprising a pair of limbs 7 which extend substantially parallel to the direction of wiping movement and a pair of other limbs 28 and 29 which converge toward one another in a direction opposite that of the wiping movement.
  • the limb 29 terminates short of convergence with the limb 28 to provide a gap 30 located at the leading side of the limb 28.
  • ink will be smeared into the space that otherwise would correspond to the gap 30 so that the limbs of the printed character corresponding to the limbs 28 and 29 are joined. It is not necessary to provide gaps between the limbs 27 and 28 and 29 inasmuch as such limbs converge in the direction of wiping movement, rather than in the opposite direction.
  • the length of a gap formed in a type character is determined by the appearance of the printed character and is thus directly related to the speed of wiping movement. Although the sizes of gaps provided in different type characters will vary, the length of a gap normally is substantially greater than the minimum width of the limb on the trailing edge of the gap.
  • the comma character constructed accord ing to the invention is shown in FIG. 7 and has a printing surface comprising an elliptical limb 31, with the major axis of the ellipse transverse to the direction of wiping movement, and a downwardly inclined limb 32 which is of considerably less width than that of the limb 31.
  • the limb 31 is located adjacent the base line 14 and the limb 32 extends below the bottom line 13' so as to assure that the tail of the printed comma will be below the line of the bottoms of other characters in the printed line.
  • a colon character constructed according to the invention also is shown in FIG. 7 and includes two generally elliptical limbs 33 having their longitudinal axes extending transversely of the direction of wiping movement and being concave in .the direction of wiping movement.
  • the semicolon character has limbs 33 like those of the colon character, but the lower limb 33 has joined thereto a downwardly inclined limb 34 like the comma limb 32.
  • the period character is shown in FIG. 7 and is similar to the limbs 33 of the colon character with the exception that the leading edge of the period limb 35 is horizontal, rather than concave.
  • the purpose of this construction is to enlarge the area of the period character so as to avoid perforating the ink transfer medium b.
  • the printng surface of said type character includes a second limb which extends laterally of the direction of movement of said carrier and wherein said one limb has a width greater than the width of said second limb, the relative widths of said one and said second limbs being so related to the extent of said smearing that the character printed on said print-receiving medium has limbs corresponding to said one limb and said second limb but have the appearance of substantially uniform width.
  • siad carrier comprises a continuously rotating cylinder.

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US3869980A (en) * 1973-08-10 1975-03-11 Cordura Corp High speed data processor line printer
US3983805A (en) * 1975-04-25 1976-10-05 Mfe Corporation Printer with sequentially actuated printing means
US4102268A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-07-25 Dataproducts Corporation Impact printer type character
US4146046A (en) * 1973-11-16 1979-03-27 Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. Coded record and methods of and apparatus for encoding and decoding records
US20060139370A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-06-29 Melo E Silva Antonio F Strong wave

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US2035214A (en) * 1933-10-06 1936-03-24 Bailey Joshua Printing type
US2486985A (en) * 1945-10-10 1949-11-01 Ruderfer Martin Electrical printing type
US2714352A (en) * 1951-09-18 1955-08-02 Stanley M Rookyard Apparatus for preparing make-ready mats for curved plates
US3207067A (en) * 1962-08-21 1965-09-21 Sperry Rand Corp Type carrier for high speed printing mechanism
US3505950A (en) * 1968-01-15 1970-04-14 Ibm Incrementing drive for rotary print wheel in on-the-fly printers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2035214A (en) * 1933-10-06 1936-03-24 Bailey Joshua Printing type
US2486985A (en) * 1945-10-10 1949-11-01 Ruderfer Martin Electrical printing type
US2714352A (en) * 1951-09-18 1955-08-02 Stanley M Rookyard Apparatus for preparing make-ready mats for curved plates
US3207067A (en) * 1962-08-21 1965-09-21 Sperry Rand Corp Type carrier for high speed printing mechanism
US3505950A (en) * 1968-01-15 1970-04-14 Ibm Incrementing drive for rotary print wheel in on-the-fly printers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869980A (en) * 1973-08-10 1975-03-11 Cordura Corp High speed data processor line printer
US4146046A (en) * 1973-11-16 1979-03-27 Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. Coded record and methods of and apparatus for encoding and decoding records
US3983805A (en) * 1975-04-25 1976-10-05 Mfe Corporation Printer with sequentially actuated printing means
US4102268A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-07-25 Dataproducts Corporation Impact printer type character
US20060139370A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-06-29 Melo E Silva Antonio F Strong wave

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2110992A5 (de) 1972-06-02
DE2148903A1 (de) 1972-04-13
CH552853A (de) 1974-08-15

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