US3750882A - Automatic grader - Google Patents

Automatic grader Download PDF

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Publication number
US3750882A
US3750882A US00145243A US3750882DA US3750882A US 3750882 A US3750882 A US 3750882A US 00145243 A US00145243 A US 00145243A US 3750882D A US3750882D A US 3750882DA US 3750882 A US3750882 A US 3750882A
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Prior art keywords
articles
conveyor
path
flow
ballistic
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US00145243A
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English (en)
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G Hays
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AMF Inc
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AMF Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/16—Classifying or aligning leaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour

Definitions

  • Tobacco leaves are harvested at a desired degree of maturity and are subsequently cured, 'usually with the circulation of air, and/or with applied heat and mois- 1 ture.
  • This curing process alters the color'of the leaves generally from-a shade of green to a shade of 'yellow'or light brown, depending on the type of tobacco.
  • the effect of the curing process on arandom group 'of leaves ' is such that all leaves do not achieve thedesired color.
  • Those leaves which do not achieve the desired color are considered objectionable for use in the subsequent manufacture of smoking articles for reasons of appearance or of taste. Therefore, the tobacco leaf processor will normally sort the leaves procured from the markets in order to remove the leaves with objectionable color in order that the largest bulk of remaining leaves is of higher quality.
  • the tobacco leaves are conditioned by adding moisture to make them suitably pliable and resistant to breakage from mechanical handling and are then conveyed to a flow splitting device to separate the total flow into lesser rates of flow to permit searching for quality.
  • a flow splitting device to separate the total flow into lesser rates of flow to permit searching for quality.
  • the lesser flow rate is between 400 and 600 pounds of leaves per hour.
  • This reduced flow is 'diverted to a conveyor belt which conveys the flow of tobacco at a suitable speed and height past human sorting personnel who visually observe the leaves and manually pick objectional leaves and foreign matter out of the flow.
  • Tobacco is grown in many different areas, and in several varieties.
  • the leaves of a particular variety grown in a particular area while generally graded at the time of harvest according to relative location on the stalk of a plant, frequently require additional grading for color quality of the leaf.
  • Variables in the crop, as well as the quality specified by the manufacturer eventually manufacturing the intended smoking article determine the degree of perfection required in thesorting function in the leaf processing plant.
  • the number of sorters required per unit of flow may vary.
  • each of the sorting conveyor belts may have from one to four sorters searching the diverted lesser flow, with two sorters per belt being most common.
  • U.S. 'Pat. No. 3,368,568, entitled Method and Apparatus for Orienting, Aligning and Conveying Tobacco Leaves discloses a method and apparatus consisting of a rotating carrier or turntable for conveyor leaves for subsequent sorting and processing.
  • To convey a large quantity of leaves perunit'time requires, however, that the turntable be driven at high enough speed to obtain a highlinear velocity of the periphery of the turntable.
  • the high peripheral speed of the turntable requires that the ejection means be able to respond in a small fraction of a second.
  • his a further object of this invention to provide apparatus for rapidly sorting articles such as tobacco leaves in accordance with the color thereof.
  • one aspect of the invention comprises means for dividing a large bulk flow of tobacco leaves into units of flow sufficiently small in quantity so that when placed on a moving belt the leaves will be spread for scanning by an optical/electronic unit, which is the'subject of co-pending application S.N. 277,499 filed Aug. 3, i972 which is a continuation of application S'.N. 145,444 filed on even date herewith and which is now abandoned.
  • a diverting mechanism coupled to the optical/electronic unit operates to separate objectionable leaves from the flow path of the good leaves.
  • apparatus may comprise means for arranging a group of tobacco leaves into a stream, means 'forpropelling each leaf of said stream in a ballistic path,, a background plate mounted adjacent said ballistic path for establishing a predetermined color criteria, optical means mounted in spaced relationship with said ballistic path and said background plate for comparing each tobacco leaf while it is above background plateto the color criteria established by said background plate, and means for sorting the leaves in accordance with the results of the comparison thereof with said color criteria.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIGS. I and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged side elevation view of a portion of the drive mechanism for the preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of the drive mechanism viewed from line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention generally comprises an upwardly inclined infeed conveyor for transporting a flow of unsorted articles, such as tobacco leaves, in the direction indicated.
  • the leaves fall of the end 12 of conveyor 10 and fall towards a second upwardly inclined conveyor 14 disposed below conveyor l0 and in position to receive tobacco leaves falling therefrom.
  • a diverting mechanism 16 is mounted between conveyors 10 and 14 and is disposed to intercept a predetermined proportion of the tobacco leaves falling from the first to the second conveyors and propel them towards a baffle 18, which arrests the horizontal component of the velocity of each leaf and causes it to fall in a substantially vertical path to a flow dividing unit 20.
  • the flow dividing unit 20 operates to divide the flow of tobacco leaves into four approximately equal streams, each stream being approximately one tobacco leaf wide.
  • the streams fall onto a high speed conveyor belt 22, which is driven at approximately 500 feet per minute so that the leaves in each stream falling thereon are spaced out therealong.
  • the leaves falling onto conveyor 22 are arranged in four single file streams.
  • the high speed of the conveyor causes each leaf to be hurled off the end thereof in a ballistic path that is initially substantially horizontal.
  • a background plate 26 is mounted beneath the ballistic path and an optical/electronic unit 28 is disposed above the ballistic path in a position to view the leaves as they pass over the background plate.
  • the background plate establishes a color criteria for the leaves and the substantially horizontal path of the leaves provided by conveyor belt 22 permits the background plate to be mounted in very close proximity to the path of the leaves without undue errors from shadows, optical range variations and the like.
  • the optical/electronic unit 28 examines the color of each leaf and compares it to the criteria established by the background plate.
  • optical/electronic unit 28 is the subject of copending application S.N. 277,499 filed Aug. 3, 1972 as a continuation of the now abandoned application S.N. l45,444 filed on even date herewith, and is fully described therein.
  • a reject unit 30 is mounted adjacent the ballistic path and is operable by the optical/electronic unit 28 to divert leaves found by the unit 28 to be not in conformance with the criteria established by the background plate from the ballistic path for a secondary collection area 32. Those leaves that are in conformance with the established criteria fall into a primary collection area 34.
  • first and second conveyors l0 and 14 are mounted over pairs of spaced rollers, designated 40 and 42, and 44 and 46 respectively, each of the rollers being mounted on a shaft, designated 48, 50, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • Shafts 50 and 52 are mounted between spaced walls 56 and 58 which form part of a housing 60 for the conveyors and the dividing unit 20.
  • the diverting mechanism 16 includes a shaft 62 mounted between walls 56 and 58, a sheave 64 mounted thereon and a plurality of paddles 66 mounted on the shaft 62.
  • the shaft 62 is actually mounted in opposed slots 68 in the walls 56 and 58 and the unit is translatable in the slots 68 by conventional means (not shown) to vary the proportion of leaves diverted from the second conveyor 14.
  • the two conveyors 10 and 14 and the diverting mechanism 16 are driven by a motor 70 having an output shaft 72 and a sprocket 74 mounted on the shaft 72.
  • a corresponding sprocket 76 is mounted on shaft 50 and a chain 78 drives the latter from sprocket 74.
  • a second sprocket 80 is mounted on shaft 50 and a pair of sprockets, 82 and 84, are mounted in spaced relationship therewith on shafts 62 and 52 respectively.
  • a chain 86 drives the latter two shafts from sprocket 80.
  • the flow dividing unit 20 includes a pair of counterrotating rollers 90 and 92 disposed to receive the flow of leaves from baffle 18 and mounted end to end and in axial alignment with each other (FIG. 1).
  • the action of the counter-rotating rollers 90 and 92 is to divide the flow of leaves in half at the juncture points 94 of the two rollers with half being driven to the left as seen in FIG. 2 and half to the right by the action of the rollers on the leaves.
  • the juncture point 94 is half way between walls 56 and 58 and thus can be described as occurring half way along the width of the flow of leaves from baffle 18.
  • baffles 96 and 98 The divided flow of leaves from rollers 90 and 92 is divided again by a pair of baffles 96 and 98.
  • the baffles are located in the path of the flow from the respective rollers and are half the width thereof.
  • Baffle 96 is disposed in the path of the flow from roller 92 and diverts half of that flow to the right as seen in FIG. 2 and baffle 98 is disposed in the flow from roller 94 and diverts half of that flow to the left as seen in FIG. 2.
  • the initial flow from baffle 18 is divided into four substantially equal portions along the width thereof, or stated in another way, the original shower of leaves that was substantially uniform between walls 56 and 58 due to the uniform diverting action of paddles 66 acting on the substantially uniform distribution of the main flow across the width of conveyor 10 is directed downward and is divided into four parts at three points equally spaced between the walls 56 and 58.
  • Three channel members, 100, 102 and 104 are mounted between walls A and B just above conveyor belt 22, as seen in FIGS. 2 and 5. These channel members, in co-operation with side wall members 106 and 108 of housing 60, guide the four respective flows onto the conveyor belt 22.
  • the channel members also define four zones of flow, or streams, or lanes on the conveyor belt, designated 110, 112, 114 and 116 respectively.
  • the three channel members are spaced equidistantly apart such that the four lanes are of equal width, that width being selected being approximately the width of a tobacco leaf.
  • rollers mounted adjacent the top of each of the channel members and designated 118, 120, 122 and 124 respectively.
  • Roller 118 is mounted above channel and is driven in a counter-clockwise direction as seen in FIG. 2 to urge leaves into lane 110.
  • Roller 124 is mounted above channel 104 and is driven in a clockwise direction to urge leaves into lane 116.
  • Rollers and 122 are mounted end to end and in axial alignment and above channel 102 and are driven so as to be in counter-rotation with each other.
  • Roller 120 is driven in a clockwise direction and urges leaves into lane 112 and roller 122 is driven in a counter-clockwise direction and urges leaves into lane 114.
  • rollers 90, 92, 118, 120, 122 and 124 are driven from a motor through a drive arrangement generally designated 132 and mounted on and within a drive housing 134. More specifically, rollers 90 and 92 are mounted along the axis of a shaft 136 that is mounted for rotation between spaced channels 138 and 140, rollers 118 and 124 are mounted on shafts 142 and 144 respectively and rollers 120 and 122 are mounted along the axis of a shaft 146.
  • the shafts 142, 144 and 146 are mounted for rotation between a horizontally disposed beam 148 and a wall 150 to drive housing 134.
  • Motor 130 is provided with an output shaft 152 and a sprocket 154 is mounted thereon and driven in a counter-clockwise direction as seen in FIG. 5.
  • a pair of sprockets, 156 and 158 are mounted in spaced relationship with sprocket 154 on shafts 142 and 146 respectively.
  • Another sprocket, 160 is mounted on an idler shaft 162 journalled in wall 150 of the drive housing 134.
  • a chain 164 is mounted over sprockets 154, 156, 158 and to drive shaft 142 in a counterclockwise direction and shaft 146 in a clockwise direction.
  • Roller 118 is mounted directly on shaft 142 and is thus driven therewith in a counter-clockwise direction.
  • Roller 120 is mounted directly on shaft 146 and rotates therewith in a clockwise direction.
  • a pulley 166 is fixedly mounted on shaft 142.
  • idler tensioning pulley 168 is mounted in spaced rela-- tionship with pulley 166 on a stub shaft 170 rotatably mounted in a bracket 172 affixed to the floor of housing 134.
  • a double pulley unit 174 having two pulleys, 176 and 178, fabricated in one integral unit is rotatably mounted on shaft 146 such that it can counter-rotate with respect thereto.
  • Pulley 178 is disposed in spaced relationship to pulleys 166 and 168 and a belt 180 drives the pulley unit 174 in a counter-clockwise direction from pulley 166 through pulley 176.
  • the roller 122 is directly mounted to pulley 174 and thus rotates therewith in a counterclockwise direction, the opposite direction of rotation to roller 120.
  • a pulley 184 is mounted on shaft 136 in spaced relationship with a pulley 186 mounted on shaft 146.
  • a belt 188 is mounted over pulleys 184, 186, a tensioning pulley 190 mounted on a stub shaft 192 rotatably mounted in wall 150, and a pulley 194 mounted on shaft 144.
  • shafts 136 and 144 are driven in a clockwise dircction from shaft 146.
  • Roller 90 is mounted directly 6
  • a pulley 200 is rotatably mounted on shaft 134 in spaced relationship with pulley 178 and a pulley 202 mounted on shaft 204 journalled in an arm 205 that is supported by a stud shaft 206 affixed to housing 134.
  • a belt 208 drives pulley 200 from pulley 178 in a counter-clockwise direction.
  • the roller 92 is affixed to pulley 200 and thus rotates in a counter-clockwise direction therewith, in the opposite direction of rotation of
  • the high speed conveyor 22 is mounted between spaced rollers 210 and 212 and driven by a motor (not shown). The leaves thereon are propelled over the background plate 26, which is mounted by a bracket 214 to the machine frame.
  • the optical/electrical unit 28 is mounted in a housing 216 supported on the machine frame by opposed extensible struts 218 and hinged brackets 220 such that the direction of view of the unit can be adjusted for proper viewing of the leaves as they pass over the background plate.
  • the reject unit 30 is mounted just underneath the trailing end of the background plate and is operable to direct a puff of air onto leaves rejected by the unit 28 and lift them out of the ballistic path toward secondary collection area 32.
  • the unit 30 may include conventional air jets, connected through valves to a source of compressed air.
  • the unit 28 opens the valves upon detection of an unacceptable leaf.
  • the primary and secondary collection areas, 34 and 32, are mounted downstream of the conveyor 22.
  • the primary collection area is shown as a chute 224, through which acceptable leaves will fall for transport to a further handling process.
  • the secondary collection area is shown as a conveyor 226 for conveying those leaves found unacceptable by the unit 28 and diverted thereto by a puff of air from reject unit 30 to a further processing area.
  • a roller 228 is mounted in front of the conveyor 226 and can be driven in either direction to assist leaves falling thereon either into the primary or secondary areas, depending on which leaves are impinging thereon.
  • the nature of the collection areas 32 and 34 are not critical and they could be reversed or both could be chutes or both conveyors.
  • Apparatus for inspecting articles which comprises:
  • the means mounted in spaced relationship with the ballistic path is optical means for comparing the color of each article while adjacent said background plate to the color criteria established thereby.
  • Apparatus for arranging a random flow of articles into at least one stream which comprises:
  • a second conveyor spaced from the first conveyor andadapted to receive articles from the first conveyor
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising:
  • first .and second conveyors are mounted over spaced rollers
  • the means positioned between the first and second conveyors includes a roller mounted parallel to the conveyor rollers, a plurality of paddles mounted on the roller and means for rotating the roller, wherein the paddles engage and divert articles away from the second conveyor.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising a baffie in the path of articles diverted by the paddles to guide them to the means for dividing the flow into a plurality of streams.
  • Apparatus for arranging a random flow of articles into single file streams which comprises:
  • first and second rollers mounted on the shaft
  • baffle means mounted in the path of each of the respective flow portions, said baffles being operable to further divide the flow into streams.
  • a high speed conveyor belt mounted in'the path of at least-one of the streams forspacing out the-articles and propelling them in a ballistic'path.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 further-comprisin ft high speed conveyor belt mounted in thepath of at least one of the portions for spacing out thcarticles in the portions, and
  • the dividing means are vertically extending baffles spaced laterally the width of less than twoarticles side by side and roller means are mounted in spaced relationship with the top of the baffles into the space therebetween.
  • a method of inspecting articles comprising the steps of:
  • Apparatus for arranging a group of articles into a stream and for inspecting the articles which comprises a first conveyor for transporting articles,
  • a second conveyor spaced from the first conveyor and adapted to receive articles from the first conveyor
  • optical means mounted in spaced relationship with said ballistic path and said background plate for comparing each article while it is above the background plate and in said ballistic path to the color criteria established by said background plate, and

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  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
US00145243A 1971-05-20 1971-05-20 Automatic grader Expired - Lifetime US3750882A (en)

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US14524371A 1971-05-20 1971-05-20

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BR (1) BR7202652D0 (it)
CA (1) CA957648A (it)
DE (1) DE2222212A1 (it)
GB (2) GB1373977A (it)
IT (1) IT954361B (it)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018674A (en) * 1972-02-24 1977-04-19 Morris Bennie A Apparatus for automatically grading leaf tobacco
US4056463A (en) * 1976-08-19 1977-11-01 Amf Incorporated Tobacco/paper sorter method and apparatus
US4137155A (en) * 1976-04-27 1979-01-30 Bureau De Recherches Geologiques Et Minieres Method of and apparatus for pneumatically sorting heterogeneous mixtures
US4280625A (en) * 1978-04-03 1981-07-28 Grobbelaar Jacobus H Shade determination
US5529169A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-06-25 Simco/Ramic Corporation Method for automated sorting of meat products using outfeed separation roller
US20050199252A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for scanning and sorting tobacco leaves
US20090107103A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Dale Hutchins Methods and Apparatus for Stripping Leaves from a Stalk Cured Tobacco Plant
US8281931B2 (en) 2009-09-18 2012-10-09 Key Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for post-threshing inspection and sorting of tobacco lamina
US20160060045A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for supplying articles according to type
US20160060047A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for individually supplying articles
CN111109642A (zh) * 2020-02-18 2020-05-08 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司宁乡市分公司 一种烟叶分级平台
CN113500003A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-10-15 安徽老石人石业有限公司 一种石材色差筛选排版仪
CN117882880A (zh) * 2024-03-06 2024-04-16 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种实现烟叶数字化分类收储的方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3428966A1 (de) * 1984-08-06 1986-02-06 Institut po Techničeska Kibernetika i Robotika, Sofia/Sofija Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von tabakblaettern
CN101926501A (zh) * 2010-05-31 2010-12-29 中国烟草贵州进出口有限责任公司 烤烟打叶加工过程中对烟叶分级的方法
CN104309873B (zh) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-23 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 一种烟叶收购线及其控制方法
CN112006318B (zh) * 2020-08-26 2022-04-05 福建武夷烟叶有限公司 一种适用于不同程度含青含杂烟叶的打叶复烤加工工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3066797A (en) * 1958-10-20 1962-12-04 R W Gunson Seeds Ltd Colour sorting machines
US3319768A (en) * 1966-03-18 1967-05-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Structure for controlling the flow of bulk solids
US3380460A (en) * 1965-10-05 1968-04-30 True Grade Inc Tobacco strippers and/or graders
US3482686A (en) * 1967-07-17 1969-12-09 Elcemco Inc Sorting apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3066797A (en) * 1958-10-20 1962-12-04 R W Gunson Seeds Ltd Colour sorting machines
US3380460A (en) * 1965-10-05 1968-04-30 True Grade Inc Tobacco strippers and/or graders
US3319768A (en) * 1966-03-18 1967-05-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Structure for controlling the flow of bulk solids
US3482686A (en) * 1967-07-17 1969-12-09 Elcemco Inc Sorting apparatus

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018674A (en) * 1972-02-24 1977-04-19 Morris Bennie A Apparatus for automatically grading leaf tobacco
US4137155A (en) * 1976-04-27 1979-01-30 Bureau De Recherches Geologiques Et Minieres Method of and apparatus for pneumatically sorting heterogeneous mixtures
US4056463A (en) * 1976-08-19 1977-11-01 Amf Incorporated Tobacco/paper sorter method and apparatus
US4280625A (en) * 1978-04-03 1981-07-28 Grobbelaar Jacobus H Shade determination
US5529169A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-06-25 Simco/Ramic Corporation Method for automated sorting of meat products using outfeed separation roller
US20050199252A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for scanning and sorting tobacco leaves
US7383840B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2008-06-10 Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. Apparatus for scanning and sorting tobacco leaves
US20090107103A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Dale Hutchins Methods and Apparatus for Stripping Leaves from a Stalk Cured Tobacco Plant
US8753180B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2014-06-17 Dale Hutchins Methods and apparatus for stripping leaves from a stalk cured tobacco plant
US8281931B2 (en) 2009-09-18 2012-10-09 Key Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for post-threshing inspection and sorting of tobacco lamina
US20160060045A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for supplying articles according to type
US20160060047A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for individually supplying articles
CN105383923A (zh) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-09 发那科株式会社 物品供给装置
CN105382842A (zh) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-09 发那科株式会社 物品供给装置
US9914597B2 (en) * 2014-08-27 2018-03-13 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for supplying articles according to type
US9950874B2 (en) * 2014-08-27 2018-04-24 Fanuc Corporation Article supply device for individually supplying articles
CN105382842B (zh) * 2014-08-27 2019-05-17 发那科株式会社 物品供给装置
CN105383923B (zh) * 2014-08-27 2019-09-24 发那科株式会社 物品供给装置
CN111109642A (zh) * 2020-02-18 2020-05-08 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司宁乡市分公司 一种烟叶分级平台
CN113500003A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-10-15 安徽老石人石业有限公司 一种石材色差筛选排版仪
CN117882880A (zh) * 2024-03-06 2024-04-16 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种实现烟叶数字化分类收储的方法

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GB1373974A (en) 1974-11-13
CA957648A (en) 1974-11-12
BR7202652D0 (pt) 1973-05-31
IT954361B (it) 1973-08-30
GB1373977A (en) 1974-11-13
DE2222212A1 (de) 1972-11-30

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