US3751663A - Magnetisable material for detecting and/or recording electromagnetic radiation and electrons - Google Patents

Magnetisable material for detecting and/or recording electromagnetic radiation and electrons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3751663A
US3751663A US00216220A US3751663DA US3751663A US 3751663 A US3751663 A US 3751663A US 00216220 A US00216220 A US 00216220A US 3751663D A US3751663D A US 3751663DA US 3751663 A US3751663 A US 3751663A
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United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic
electromagnetic radiation
exposure
electrons
radiation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00216220A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Verhulst
W Lems
U Enz
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
    • C04B35/2683—Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
    • C04B35/2608—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
    • C04B35/265—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
    • C04B35/2675—Other ferrites containing rare earth metals, e.g. rare earth ferrite garnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/16—Layers for recording by changing the magnetic properties, e.g. for Curie-point-writing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
    • H01F1/342—Oxides
    • H01F1/344—Ferrites, e.g. having a cubic spinel structure (X2+O)(Y23+O3), e.g. magnetite Fe3O4
    • H01F1/346—[(TO4) 3] with T= Si, Al, Fe, Ga

Definitions

  • a material which, upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation, shows the above-described effect is known from the Dutch patent application No. 6,812,542 laid open to public inspection which is based on the discovery that for a material to show the above-described effect it must consist of a compound which contains two types of like magnetic ions in one type of which a weakly bound electron is in a condition which differs energetically from that in which a weakly bound electron is in the other type, while between said conditions there is an energy threshold present for the electron which, by exposing the material to electromagnetic radiation or electrons, can be exceeded. It is to be noted that it has also been found that exposure to electrons can produce a variation in the said magnetic properties.
  • a layer of the material in question can be magnetized in one direction, then be exposed selectively (that is to say according to a given information pattern), and after the exposure be transferred to a magnetic field the field strength of which is smaller than the coercive force of the exposed parts but larger than that of the unexposed parts, and the direction of which differs from the first provided direction of magnetisation.
  • the coercive force pattern obtained by exposure and consisting of regions having different coercive forces is converted into a magnetisation pattern consisting of regions having different magnetisation directions.
  • This magnetisation pattern can be made visible, for example, by means of the magnetooptic Kerr effect. By using polarized light and observing th picture reflected by the layer via an analyser, the magnetisation pattern is then seen as a brightness pattern.
  • a material according to the invention may then serve as a material for the core of the coil in an LC-circuit so that the natural frequency of the circuit varies by exposure.
  • Such a circuit may be used as a dosimeter in which the quantity of incident radiation is measured by measuring the variation of the natural frequency.
  • the present invention relates to new materials which show the above-mentioned effect and which can be used in systems of magnetic recording and of detection, for example, as described above.
  • a suitable material for a device according to the invention consists of a compound of the formula 3 52.r u l2-z where R is an element of the rare earths or yttrium or a combination thereof and where A is a metal having a valency unequal to 3, while 0 1,0 s y land0 s l.
  • a suitable material consists of a compound of the above-mentioned type of the formula.
  • Yet another material consists of a mixed crystal having the composing compounds:
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showin the change in permeability upon exposure to radiation of the active element of a device according to the invention
  • H6. 2 are hysteresis loops of an active element of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. I it is shown how the magnetic initial permeability, measured at a frequency of 10 kc/s, of a ring having a diameter of 0.25 cm and a thickness of 0.03 cm and manufactured from respectively.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes the hysteresis loop measured in a mixed crystal having the composing compounds h z 4 (P) and (NiZn) Fe O, (q)
  • reference numeral 2 denotes the hysteresis loop measured after the specimen had been exposed to the light of'a wavelength of 1.5 [1-, the intensity of the light beam measured at the surface of the specimen being W/sq.cm.
  • the ratio p q was here I P: 99.
  • an active magnetic element i.e. an element a magnetic parameter of which can be changed by electron irradiation is shown at 5.
  • the thickness of the element is such that the material is sufficiently transparent for the electron beam 2 which is produced by a source 1.
  • the beam 2 which is produced by th source 1 impinges on the active element 5 by way of deflecting means 4 (an electro-magnetic or electrostatic) for defleeting the beam in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and by way of a lens 3.
  • deflecting means 4 an electro-magnetic or electrostatic
  • an electromagnet 6 Surrounding the element 5 is an electromagnet 6 which can be energized to produce a magnetic field at right angles to the element 5.
  • Read-out is effected by means of a source 9 of a linearly polarized light beam and a lens 10.
  • the reflected light beam is observed by means of lens 7 and analyzer 8, the electron radiation produced by source 1 thus being converted into visible radiation.
  • a device for detecting and/or recording electron and electromagnetic radiation comprising an active element a magnetic parameter of which can be changed by electron and electromagnetic radiation, means to expose said element to said radiation, and a magnetic detector to observe the magnetic parameter change, said active element consisting essentially of a ferromagnetic material selected from the group consisting of Y Fe Nb ,O, and mixed crystals of (NiZn) Co O,and (NiZn) Fe Q 22 33 UNITED STATES PATENT m CERTIFICATE OF CORECTIUN Patent No. 3,751,663 Dated August 7, 1973 Inventor(s) ANTONIUS G. H. VERHULST ET AL It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US00216220A 1969-12-06 1972-01-07 Magnetisable material for detecting and/or recording electromagnetic radiation and electrons Expired - Lifetime US3751663A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6918364A NL6918364A (fr) 1969-12-06 1969-12-06

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US3751663A true US3751663A (en) 1973-08-07

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US00216220A Expired - Lifetime US3751663A (en) 1969-12-06 1972-01-07 Magnetisable material for detecting and/or recording electromagnetic radiation and electrons

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US (1) US3751663A (fr)
BE (1) BE759910A (fr)
DE (1) DE2057967A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2082997A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1332709A (fr)
NL (1) NL6918364A (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017155582A2 (fr) * 2015-12-15 2017-09-14 Elwha Llc Détection de photons à haut rendement
KR102495451B1 (ko) 2016-12-16 2023-02-02 엘화 엘엘씨 다공성 실리콘 카바이드 구조의 제조 및 에칭을 위한 방법

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419496A (en) * 1964-04-22 1968-12-31 Csf Garnet compositions
US3567946A (en) * 1968-09-27 1971-03-02 Siemens Ag Radiation detector having semiconductor body exhibiting a photothermomagnetic effect

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419496A (en) * 1964-04-22 1968-12-31 Csf Garnet compositions
US3567946A (en) * 1968-09-27 1971-03-02 Siemens Ag Radiation detector having semiconductor body exhibiting a photothermomagnetic effect

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Teale et al. Chem. Abstracts, Vol. 70 p119638z, 1969, Page 374. *
Verweel Proc. Inst. of Elec. Engineers PtB109, Suppl. No. 21, pages 95 98, Jan. 1962. *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6918364A (fr) 1971-06-08
DE2057967A1 (de) 1971-06-09
GB1332709A (en) 1973-10-03
BE759910A (fr) 1971-06-04
FR2082997A5 (fr) 1971-12-10

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