US3760774A - Boiler having gas-tight welded furnace walls - Google Patents

Boiler having gas-tight welded furnace walls Download PDF

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Publication number
US3760774A
US3760774A US00198698A US3760774DA US3760774A US 3760774 A US3760774 A US 3760774A US 00198698 A US00198698 A US 00198698A US 3760774D A US3760774D A US 3760774DA US 3760774 A US3760774 A US 3760774A
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United States
Prior art keywords
walls
furnace
corners
bands
boiler
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00198698A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Michel
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Kraftwerk Union AG
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Kraftwerk Union AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/146—Tube arrangements for ash hoppers and grates and for combustion chambers of the cyclone or similar type out of the flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/208—Backstay arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A boiler mounted on a supporting frame structure has gas-tight welded furnace walls suspended at the top of the frame structure and arranged to form a furnace of rectangular cross-section wherein heat is generated when the boiler is operating.
  • a member is connected to the walls and introduces a discontinuity therein.
  • a plurality of horizontal bands surrounding the walls to take up the expansion and contraction forces developed therein because of the heat generated in the furnace and each of the horizontalbands consist of four segments connected one with the other to form a substantially rectangular figure, the segments being rigidly joined at their ends to form the corners of the figure.
  • At least one additional band is disposed in the upper region of the member and a holding means connects the furnace walls to the additional band at the corners thereof so as to cause the walls to take up the portion of the forces acting in the region of the member.
  • a force transfer means is connected between the plurality of bands and the furnace walls for guiding the boiler body in the plurality of bands so as to pretension the walls of the furnace so as to cause the walls to define obtuse angles at the corners of the furnace when there is no heat being developed therein, the angles being selected so as to cause the angles to become right angles as well as to cause the walls to extend parallel to adjacent band segments when the furnace is heated.
  • the invention relates to a large boiler having a boiler body suspended from the top of a boiler frame.
  • boiler body is configured of tubes which are joined gastight with one another.
  • the boiler body has a rectangular or square cross-section.
  • the wall planes are strengthened by means of a frame construction located behind the tube walls.
  • the frame construction consists primarily of bands which do not become heated and extend horizontally and vertically.
  • hinged members which are heated or tie rods through which steam flows and their location behind the welded furnace wall as well as the application of hinged members in the region of the combustion chamber corners not only is very costly, but also, in some circumstances, restricts the speed with which the boiler can be brought up to the operating condition, because the hot tie rods become warm at a considerably slower rate than does the tube wall itself.
  • a plurality of horizontal bands are joined lock-tight in the corners while in the unheated condition and the rigid frames formed in this manner have such an inner dimension that the boiler body at full load just fits directly or with unyielding intermediate members therein.
  • the displacement of the tube wall which expands when heated is made possible by sliding means, hinged members or the like.
  • the walls are pre-tensioned in the corners of the furnace that is, they are installed so that the walls coming together at the corners define a small obtuse angle. Whentheboiler is brought into operation, the combustion chamber walls expand toward the corners, so that these corners then form a right angle.
  • the furnace corners can be put together with pre-tensioning such that they have the required spacing at each side for the expansion at full load condition.
  • Such spacing for example, can be approximately 50 mm to each side for a large boiler having a furnace cross-section of approximately 20 by 20 meters.
  • the strengthening or reinforcement in this place must, as is conventional, be achieved by bands which stay. cold.
  • these bands are joined at their corners with the boiler system or tie-rods via hinged members.
  • the outer reinforcem'ent construction of the furnace hopper can likewise be configured in the corners so as to be completely rigid.
  • This rigid hopper construction can be suspended via pendular arms from notched plates which are welded at the hopper edge of the tubesystem and serve simultaneously to transfer the hopper load over stationary hangers to vertical iron members disposed behind the tube wall.
  • the horizontal and vertical expansion of the tube system locatedin the furnace hopper can also be made possible in that the corners of thetube system are bent backward to the extent that, in the full load operational condition, the gas-tight welded tube system in the furnace hopper can expand into the stationary hopper frame via the built-in horizontal and vertical slidable spacer members.
  • the walls in the region of the convection heat surfaces can also be braced'against horizontal bands rigidly joined in the corners; however, the various inlet and outlet collectors of the convection heat surfaces in the region of the corners of this singleflue boiler must be subdivided many times so that the convection heat surfaces welded into the corners are in a position to move with the walls.
  • the heat convection surfaces in the corner regions can also be directed via stuffing boxes through the walls and then the inlet and outlet collectors of these heat surfaces need not be subdivided.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a rigid corner joint of the horizontal bands
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the expansion of a tube system at the region of the ash hopper
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the suspension of the outer reinforcement structure as required by one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates schematically the total assembly of a large boiler according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates arigid corner joint of a horizontal band which forms a closed frame.
  • the two horizontal band segments 1 and 2 are joined tightly to each other by means of screws 3 and 4. At the remaining corners, a similar joint of the band segments is made.
  • furnace walls 5 and 6 are shown; these walls mutually abut and the tubing, for example, is configured as a spiral winding.
  • tubing for example, is configured as a spiral winding.
  • flat iron members 7 which, for example, are slidably mounted on the tube wall and serve, among other things, to carry the weight of the horizontal bands.
  • the walls 5 and 6 are illustrated in their unheated or cold condition. Compared to the horizontal band segments 1 and 2 and also compared to the inner bottom edge of the furnace in the cold condition (illustrated by line 8), the boiler body in the unheated condition is curved or bent as illustrated in FIG. 1 wherewith, especially in the region of the furnace corners 9, there is a small obtuse angle. As soon as the boiler body has reached its operating temperature, the furnace walls will have become extended to the extent that the boiler body takes on a position approximately as indicated by line 10. The corners 9 then form a right angle.
  • Reference numerals 11, 12, 13 and 14 designate hinged arms which are installed between the boiler body and horizontal band segments 1 and 2.
  • the hinged arms 12 and 13 are disposed approximately 1 to 2 meters from the corner and these arms then form such an angle in the cold condition that the furnace walls define a right angle in the operating condition as shown by line 10.
  • the double T irons 15 serve to accommodate additional hinged arms above and beneath the horizontal band comprising band segments 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the expansion of the welded tube system in the region of the ash hopper 16 in the cold condition (solid line 21) and in the heated condition (dashed line 22). The expansion indicated by the dashed lines is exaggerated for the purpose of illustration.
  • the hatched surfaces 17 and 18 on two sides of the hopper 16 illustrate the regions in which the heating causes no deformation and where only marginally small displacements occur. That is, the hatched region indicates where the tube walls, in the cold condition as well as in the warm condition, are guided at a constant spacing via hinged arms with respect to the rigid frame structure of the hopper, the latter structure remaining in the cold condition.
  • the edge zones 19, 20, 23 to 26 outside the hatched surfaces 17 and 18 bend slightly in form with the transition from the cold to the heated condition and vice versa as represented by lines 21 and 22.
  • the corners are built in with a measure of pretensioning and with a small obtuse angle precisely as in the case of the vertical walls.
  • the tube system presses into the corners and forms thereat a right angle. Simultaneously therewith, the tube system becomes displaced downwardly into the hopper frame as a consequence of its expansion and is thereby correspondingly pressed together. Also, the hopper slit, located at the bottom thereof and not illustrated in the drawing, is deformed during heating to the operating temperature. The hopper slit is likewise built in with pretensioning, so that the slit edges form parallel straight lines at full operating temperature.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment for suspending the outer reinforcement structure of the hopper.
  • the horizontal bands 27 to 32 with vertical flat iron members 33 to 41 are hung via hinged arms 44 and stationary hangers 42 to the hopper edge 43.
  • Thestationary hangers 42 transfer the load of the hopper and the weight of the ash collected therein to the flat irons 7 which lie directly behind the vertical tube walls 5 and 6 (see FIG. 1).
  • the hinged arms 45 permit a vertical and horizontal displacement of the hopper in the rigid frame.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates schematically the complete assembly of an embodiment of a large boiler according to the invention.
  • All the horizontal bands 51 to 55 and 57 to 60 are configured as rigid bands, for which the hinged arms in the corners are unnecessary, and which are therefore in a position to take up the forces occurring as a consequence of under and over pressure.
  • a boiler assembly comprising a supporting frame structure, a boiler mounted on said frame structure and comprising gas-tight welded furnace walls, means suspending said walls at the top of the frame structure, said walls being arranged to form a furnace of a rectangular cross-section wherein means are provided for generating heat when the boiler is operating, a member connected to said walls and introducing a discontinuity therein, a plurality of horizontal bands surrounding said walls to take up the expansion and contraction forces developed therein because of the heat generated in the furnace, each of said horizontal bands consisting of four segments connected one with the other to form a substantially rectangular figure, said segments being rigidly joined at their ends to form the corners of said figure, at least one additional band being disposed in the region of said member, holding means connected to said furnace walls and to said one band at the corners thereof so as to cause said walls to take up the portion of said forces acting in the region of said member, force transfer means connected between said plurality of bands and said furnace walls for guiding the boiler body in said plurality of bands so as to pretension said walls I of said furnace so
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1 said holding means being movable intermediate members and said force transfer means being a plurality of sets of articulate arms, the arms of each set being connected between corresponding bands of said plurality of bands and said furnace walls.
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1 comprising tie rods disposed behind said walls and connected to said holding means for taking up said portion of said forces.
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1 comprising tubular tie rods disposed behind said walls and connected to said holding means for taking up said portion of said forces, and means communicating with said tubular tie rods for passing steam therethrough.
  • said one additional band consisting of four segments arranged to form a substantially rectangular figure and being'open at the corners of said figure, said holding means comprising articulate arms connecting said segments at the respective corners of said figure to cause said furnace walls to take up said portion of said forces.
  • said force transfer means comprising sets of articulated arms connecting respective ones of said plurality of bands with said furnace walls atvthe region of the corners of said furnace so as to maintain a spacing between said walls and said plurality of bands, said articulated arms being mounted at a distance from one to two meters from said corners of said furnace, each of said articulated arms forming an angle such that said walls of said furnace are pretensioned to cause mutually abutting ones of said walls to define obtuse angles in the cold condition of said furnace, said obtuse angles be selected such that the forces developed in said walls in response to heat generated in said furnace causes said obtuse angles to become right angles.
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1, said member being a furnace hopper of rectangular'section, an additional plurality of horizontal bands surrounding and reinforcing said hopper, each of said bands of said additional plurality of bands consisting of four segments connected one with the other to form a rectangular figure, said segments being rigidly joined at their ends to form the'corners of said last-mentioned figure, said furnace hopper having outer walls joined together to define respective corners thereof, said hopper having a welded tube wall disposed therein, said walls of said hopper being joined so as to impart thereto a pretensioning which causes said hopper to bend at the corners thereof with heat so as to accommodate the thermal expansion of said tube wall, said walls of said hopper defining an opening slit at the bottom of said hopper, said walls being pretensioned in the region of said slit to take up the vertical difference expansion of said walls so as to cause the edges of said slit to form parallel straight lines when said hopper becomes heated,
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1 wherein said boiler is a single-flue boiler comprising a furnace portion, having vertical walls, convection heat surface means disposed above said furnace portion, and an additional plurality of horizontal bands surrounding said heat surface means, said last-mentioned bands being frame-like and rigid, said heat surface means being welded to said vertical walls of said furnace portion, said heat surface means comprising inlet and outlet collectors, said collectors being subdivided at the regions of the corners of said additional plurality of horizontal bands so as to accommodate the heat expansion of said heat surface means.
  • a boiler assembly according to claim 1 wherein said furnace is driven at underpressure and wherein said furnace comprises convection heat surface means, stuffing boxes mounted in the walls of said furnace for slidably passing said heat surface means therethrough.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US00198698A 1970-11-13 1971-11-15 Boiler having gas-tight welded furnace walls Expired - Lifetime US3760774A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702055803 DE2055803A1 (de) 1970-11-13 1970-11-13 Großkessel mit gasdicht verschweißten Feuerraumwänden

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US3760774A true US3760774A (en) 1973-09-25

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US (1) US3760774A (da)
AT (1) AT316590B (da)
DE (1) DE2055803A1 (da)
DK (1) DK129598B (da)
FR (1) FR2114575A5 (da)
GB (1) GB1316050A (da)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2455722A1 (fr) * 1979-04-30 1980-11-28 Gen Electric Support pour tubes d'echangeur de chaleur
US4236574A (en) * 1977-10-07 1980-12-02 Hamon-Sobelco, S.A. Heat exchanger, in particular for an atmospheric cooling tower
US4576120A (en) * 1983-09-08 1986-03-18 Sulzer Brothers Limited Heat exchanger
US5865149A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-02-02 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Buckstay corner assembly with buckstay extension plates for a boiler
US20150275427A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2015-10-01 Valmet Technologies Oy Arrangement and method in soda recovery boiler

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT378249B (de) * 1973-06-15 1985-07-10 Waagner Biro Ag Von rohrwaenden gebildete brennkammer eines dampferzeugers
SE452186B (sv) * 1985-08-26 1987-11-16 Asea Stal Ab Beddkerl i en kraftanleggning med forbrenning i en fluidiserad bedd
SE8605200D0 (sv) * 1986-12-03 1986-12-03 Asea Stal Ab Kraftanleggning med ett beddkerl med forbrenning i en fluidiserad bedd
DE19641957A1 (de) * 1996-10-11 1998-04-16 Abb Research Ltd Vorrichtung zur Dichtung von Brennkammerziegeln
FR3131425B1 (fr) 2021-12-28 2024-02-16 Aledia Pixel d'affichage à diodes électroluminescentes pour écran d'affichage
FI20246178A1 (en) * 2024-10-01 2026-04-02 Valmet Technologies Oy Arrangement for supporting a boiler

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3173405A (en) * 1960-06-09 1965-03-16 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Once-through vapor generator
US3203376A (en) * 1963-12-30 1965-08-31 Combustion Eng Buckstay arrangement for furnace walls
US3277870A (en) * 1965-12-30 1966-10-11 Foster Wheeler Corp Buckstay arrangement for vapor generators and the like

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3173405A (en) * 1960-06-09 1965-03-16 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Once-through vapor generator
US3203376A (en) * 1963-12-30 1965-08-31 Combustion Eng Buckstay arrangement for furnace walls
US3277870A (en) * 1965-12-30 1966-10-11 Foster Wheeler Corp Buckstay arrangement for vapor generators and the like

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4236574A (en) * 1977-10-07 1980-12-02 Hamon-Sobelco, S.A. Heat exchanger, in particular for an atmospheric cooling tower
FR2455722A1 (fr) * 1979-04-30 1980-11-28 Gen Electric Support pour tubes d'echangeur de chaleur
US4246872A (en) * 1979-04-30 1981-01-27 General Electric Company Heat exchanger tube support
US4576120A (en) * 1983-09-08 1986-03-18 Sulzer Brothers Limited Heat exchanger
US5865149A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-02-02 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Buckstay corner assembly with buckstay extension plates for a boiler
US20150275427A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2015-10-01 Valmet Technologies Oy Arrangement and method in soda recovery boiler
US9920476B2 (en) * 2012-09-19 2018-03-20 Valmet Technologies Oy Arrangement and method in soda recovery boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK129598B (da) 1974-10-28
FR2114575A5 (da) 1972-06-30
DE2055803A1 (de) 1972-05-18
AT316590B (de) 1974-07-25
GB1316050A (en) 1973-05-09
DK129598C (da) 1975-04-14

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