US3768978A - Disposable pipette - Google Patents

Disposable pipette Download PDF

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Publication number
US3768978A
US3768978A US00119784A US3768978DA US3768978A US 3768978 A US3768978 A US 3768978A US 00119784 A US00119784 A US 00119784A US 3768978D A US3768978D A US 3768978DA US 3768978 A US3768978 A US 3768978A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
reagent
tubes
strips
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00119784A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Grubb
K Tomei
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Hamilton Co Inc
Original Assignee
Hamilton Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3768978A publication Critical patent/US3768978A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/021—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/16—Reagents, handling or storing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0832—Geometry, shape and general structure cylindrical, tube shaped
    • B01L2300/0838—Capillaries

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT may be termed a straw, so the liquid samples come into contact with ends of the reagent materials, which then absorb and/or hold color reactions for visual or photometric interpretation or analysis.
  • the liquid is discharged from the tube by again compressing a section of the tube.
  • the suction is usually created by placing the upper end of the tube in the mouth and sucking the liquid into the tube. It is extremely difficult with this method to draw a predetermined or specific amount of fluid into the tube, as is often required or highly desirable. Also, such apparatus is subject to breakage. I Since such apparatus is relatively expensive it must be used over and over, and must be sterilized after each use. Sterilization, of course, takes time and several handlings of the apparatus.
  • these strips are usually held with the fingers by the operator and the sample being tested is apt to get onto the operator's fingers.
  • the present invention comprises a transparent tube of resilient material such as, for example, a resilient plastic unaffected by the samples handled by the tubes.
  • the tubes serve not only as pipettes but, also, as holders for reagent matrixes, or chemically impregnated reagent strips, for absorbing and/or holding color reactions for visual or photometric interpretation or analysis.
  • reagent matrixes or chemically impregnated reagent strips, for absorbing and/or holding color reactions for visual or photometric interpretation or analysis.
  • a reagent matrix may be coated on the inside surface of the straws, or tubes.
  • reagent material as used herein includes both reagent matrixes and chemically impregnated reagent strips.
  • the term clear is used herein to mean reagentmaterial within the tubes, or straws, which are sufficiently visible to identify the color, or colors, of such reagent material and the intensity of such colors.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device of this character which eliminates holding reagent strips by hand, so that sample material will not get onto the operators fingers or hands.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide devices of this character with which extremely accurate test results are secured, false results being eliminated.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular straw or device of this character having one end closed and wherewith suction to draw liquid thereinto is effected by squeezing a portion of the tubular straw between the thumb and a finger of the operator after the lower end or tip portion is placed into the liquid, or the lower end of the device may be placed into the liquid first and then the device squeezed.
  • Still another object is to provide a device of this character that-is transparent, or at least sufficiently clear visually, to see the reaction colors and the intensity of the reagent material in the tubes or straws.
  • FIG. 1 is a side-elevational view of the apparatus embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of the end portion of the apparatus disposed in a test tube for drawing in liquid at the bottom of said test tube;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view, of the apparatus with the lower end containing liquid disposed for depositing the liquid on a slide and preparatory to depositing said liquid on the slide by squeezing the tube between the thumb and a finger;
  • FIG. 4 is a side-elevational view of the apparatus or device with the lower end immersed in liquid in a beaker, a portion of the beaker being broken away to more clearly show the immersed portion of the tube, a portion of the tube being squeezed between the thumb and a finger of the operator;
  • FIG. 5 is a side-elevational view of a tube or straw having a single chemically-impregnated indicator strip or tape spirally arranged within the tube;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view of the portion of the tube or straw having the spirallyarranged, chemically-impregnated tape, and taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 5 but having two spirally-arranged, chemically-impregnated indicator tapes; I
  • FIG. 8 isan enlarged sectional view taken on line 8-8. of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view of an alternative arrangement having a single chemicallyimpregnated or treated indicator strip
  • an apparatus or a device embodying the invention comprising a tube of resilient material such as a plastic, polyethylene being one type of plastic that has been found to be very satisfactory. While the wall of the tube is resilie'ntthe tube is rigid longitudinally and not readily bent.
  • the tube 10 has a relatively thin wall and is of uniform inside diameter, and is closed adjacent one end as'at 12. As shown the closed end is the upper end and closing of the upper end of the tube is effected by heat sealing. While it is not necessary, it is desirable that the tube be sufficiently transparent so that the liquid taken into the tube will be visible.
  • the tube may be of any desired inside diameter but for certain tests an inside diameter of five thirty-seconds inch has been found to give very satisfactory results for picking up and depositing the desired amount or quantity of liquid upon squeezing a portion or section of the tube between the operators thumb and a finger, and then releasing the pressure on such portion of the tube. To discharge this liquid the tube is again squeezed. When the tube is again released the resilient wall returns to its normal shape or configuration.
  • the liquid may be any sample to be tested and/or examined under a microscope, or otherwise examined and/or checked.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a glass test tube T with a small quantity of sample liquid L in the bottom.
  • the lower end of the tube 10 is at the bottom of the test tube and, with the tube in this position, an upper part 14 of the tube below the seal 10 is squeezed between the operators thumb 16 and a finger 18, as best shown in FIG. 4. That portion of the tube that is squeezed between the operators thumb and finger is sufficient to draw the desired quantity or amount of the liquid into the tip end of the tube when pressure of the thumb-and finger on the tube is released to permit the resilience of the tube to return the squeezed part 14 to its normal cylindrical form or shape. When the part 14 returns to its normal shape suction is created in the tube to draw up the desired quantity.
  • the tube 10 is shown with its lower or open tip end positioned for depositing the liquid therein onto a slide 20 for use in making a microscopic examination of the fluid.
  • the tube 10 and the thumb and finger are shown preparatory to depositing the fluid onto said slide.
  • the tube is squeezed between the thumb and finger, thus providing air pressure within the tube to force the liquid in the tip end portion onto the slide.
  • the apparatus or device 10 After the apparatus or device 10 has been used it is thrown away or disposed of, it being for use only once and thus saving the necessity of sterilizing it.
  • FIG. 4 the apparatus or device is shown with the lower tip end immersed in liquid 22 in a beaker 24.
  • the portion or section 14 of the tube has been squeezed between the operators thumb and a finger and is about to be released to draw liquid into the tip end portion of the tube, as indicated by the arrows 26. Liquid thus drawn into the tube is deposited onto a slide, as described above.
  • liquid drawn into the tube may be deposited elsewhere than on the slide, this being merely one way the apparatus or device may be used.
  • PIPETTE AS A HOLDER FOR REAGENT MATRIX OR INDICATOR STRIPS
  • L-dope drug used for treatment of Parkinsons disease will show a false negative strip test. I-Iigh concentrations will show a false positive test with certain strips. 5
  • Alcaptonuria will show a false negative.
  • Salicylates (aspirin) 2-4 A gms per day. (Approximately 12 to 32 five grain tablets) will show false negative tests.
  • Uric acid a normal component of the urine can inhibit the reaction.
  • the present invention overcomes the difficulties encountered in making tests with present methods and strips, and gives accurate results.
  • the results produced with the present invention give visual indications based on color and/or color intensity.
  • a straw 30 which may be of the same plastic material as the straw l0 hereinabove described.
  • a chemically-impregnated reagent strip 32 which may be of any suitable well known character, for making a particular test.
  • the strip may be a Tes-Tape of the Lilly Company for making a test for glucose.
  • PI-I indicator strips and other types of indicator strips can, also, be used.
  • the strip 32 is spirally disposed in the straw or tube 30. It is to be noted that the spiral edges are spaced apart and are absorbent.
  • a small amount of the sample to be tested is drawn into the lower end thereof and at least a part of this sample will be drawn to the upper end of the strip by capillary attraction.
  • interfering substances such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
  • vitamin C ascorbic acid
  • the straw is shown as being open at both ends and external suction can be applied to the open upper end to draw a small sample of the urine into the lower end of the straw.
  • the upper end of the straw may be closed, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 7, and the sample drawn into the lower end of the straw by squeezing a portion of the straw between the thumb and a finger of the operator, as shown in FIG. 3 and described hereinabove.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 there are a plurality of indicator strips disposed spirally within a lower end portion of the straw. Adjacent edges of the indicator strips are spaced apart. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, there are two spirally-arranged tapes or indicators, although there may be more than two, these tapes being indicated at 34 and 36, respectively.
  • One type of the indicator strips may be for a glucose test while the other may be for a'Pl-I test. Strips for other tests may, also, be used. I
  • indicator strip 38 disposed longitudinally within the straw 10. This strip is, also,.held in place by friction, by having the strip slightly wider than the inside diameter of the straw. However, the strip 38 may be secured within the straw and held in position by means of an adhesive of any suitable character.
  • FIG. 1 1 a plurality of strips are disposed within the straw, said strips being indicated at 38 and 40, respectively.
  • the strips should be spaced apart somewhat to prevent intermixing of the chemicals of the respective strips.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a straw having a lower end portion of the interior coated with a reagent or gel matrix adapted to provide a desired reaction. While the entire area of this lower end portion is shown as being coated with the reagent or gel matrix, it is to be understood that this area may be provided with reagents or gel matrixes of different characteristics to have different reactions and produce different test results. Here again, the areas coated with the respective reagents or gel matrixes should be separated.
  • a plurality of straws which may be either of the closed type 10 or the type 30, or a combination thereof. As shown, however, the straws are indicated as being of the type 10. With this arrangement there can be separate, simultaneous reactions within the respective straws.
  • the straws may contain either spirally-arranged tapes or longitudinallyarranged tapes,'or the coated tapes such as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the straws may have one or a plurality of spirally-arranged or longitudinally-arranged tapes.
  • the straws may be used as sample pipettes as well as holders for the reagent matrixes or chemically-impregnated reagent strips for absorbing and/or holding color reactions for visual or photometric interpretation or analysis.
  • the straws having the reagent matrixes or the chemically-impregnated reagent strips will also function as pipettes as, for example, for depositing at least a portion of the sample on the slide.
  • a disposable sample pipette adapted to be disposed in a sample liquid to be drawn thereinto, comprising: I

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
US00119784A 1971-03-01 1971-03-01 Disposable pipette Expired - Lifetime US3768978A (en)

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US11978471A 1971-03-01 1971-03-01

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US (1) US3768978A (fr)
CH (1) CH536136A (fr)
DE (1) DE2153299A1 (fr)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864979A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-02-11 Becton Dickinson Co Blood sedimentation tube barrier
US3884072A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-05-20 Kendall & Co Flow measuring apparatus having a colorimetric urine indicator
US3898982A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-08-12 Jintan Terumo Co Capillary tube for blood examination
US4088448A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-05-09 Lilja Jan Evert Apparatus for sampling, mixing the sample with a reagent and making particularly optical analyses
US4180060A (en) * 1972-08-18 1979-12-25 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Device for staining biological materials
US4248973A (en) * 1977-04-11 1981-02-03 Veb Arzneimittelwerk Dresden Capillary tube indicator for the determination of urea concentrations
US4266558A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-05-12 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of collecting and dispensing a blood sample
US4275031A (en) * 1978-05-05 1981-06-23 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Agent and process for carrying out colorimetric or photometric determinations
US4276048A (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-06-30 Dynatech Ag Miniature reaction container and a method and apparatus for introducing micro volumes of liquid to such a container
US4302480A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-11-24 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Thin cover sheet for use in microscopic staining and a process for its production
US4477578A (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-10-16 Medical & Scientific, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing assays
US4588555A (en) * 1982-10-04 1986-05-13 Fmc Corporation Device for use in chemical reactions and analyses
US4806313A (en) * 1985-04-12 1989-02-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Rapid assay processor
US5173266A (en) * 1989-07-19 1992-12-22 Drummond Scientific Company Safety pipet
WO1993005880A1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-01 Innovative Biochemical Product, Inc. Appareil pour utilisation dans les reactions chimiques, enzymatiques et de dosages immunometriques
US5217693A (en) * 1990-05-29 1993-06-08 Mark Anderson Embryo washing apparatus and process
US5453246A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-09-26 Mitsubishi Yuka Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc. Dispensing apparatus
US5605838A (en) * 1993-09-17 1997-02-25 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method for the quantitative analysis of sample liquid
US6008059A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-12-28 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Devices and methods for separating cellular components of blood from liquid portion of blood
US6268209B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2001-07-31 Idexx Laboratories, Inc. Device and method for determination of analyte in a solution
US6413778B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-07-02 Idexx Laboratories Methods for the detection and identification of crystals in biological fluids
US6557484B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2003-05-06 Jimmy Engelman Device for sugar and/or caffeine content indication
WO2004030821A1 (fr) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Klocke Verpackungs-Service Gmbh Dispositif permettant de determiner et d'afficher au moins une propriete physique, chimique ou biologique d'un liquide test
US20050069454A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Bell Michael L. Clinical analysis system
US20050178218A1 (en) * 2004-01-28 2005-08-18 Jean Montagu Micro-volume blood sampling device
GB2418248A (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-22 Adam Brown Testing device for a spiked drink
US20070086924A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Drummond Scientific Company Pipette with contamination indicator
GB2438675A (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-12-05 Checkmate Organisation Ltd An integrated liquid sampling and testing device for evaluating substances within potable liquids
US20070282181A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-06 Carol Findlay Visual medical sensor indicator
US8834946B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-09-16 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US9285352B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2016-03-15 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487077A (en) * 1943-12-28 1949-11-08 Us Commerce Colorimetric gas detection
US3481477A (en) * 1965-03-02 1969-12-02 Andrew F Farr Apparatus for filtering out clear liquid from suspended solids
US3561186A (en) * 1968-04-17 1971-02-09 Donald E Pickering Method of evacuating hollow bodies
US3579303A (en) * 1968-03-06 1971-05-18 Donald E Pickering System for handling specimens and other substances in medicine and physical sciences

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487077A (en) * 1943-12-28 1949-11-08 Us Commerce Colorimetric gas detection
US3481477A (en) * 1965-03-02 1969-12-02 Andrew F Farr Apparatus for filtering out clear liquid from suspended solids
US3579303A (en) * 1968-03-06 1971-05-18 Donald E Pickering System for handling specimens and other substances in medicine and physical sciences
US3561186A (en) * 1968-04-17 1971-02-09 Donald E Pickering Method of evacuating hollow bodies

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180060A (en) * 1972-08-18 1979-12-25 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Device for staining biological materials
US3898982A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-08-12 Jintan Terumo Co Capillary tube for blood examination
US3864979A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-02-11 Becton Dickinson Co Blood sedimentation tube barrier
US3884072A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-05-20 Kendall & Co Flow measuring apparatus having a colorimetric urine indicator
US4088448A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-05-09 Lilja Jan Evert Apparatus for sampling, mixing the sample with a reagent and making particularly optical analyses
US4248973A (en) * 1977-04-11 1981-02-03 Veb Arzneimittelwerk Dresden Capillary tube indicator for the determination of urea concentrations
US4275031A (en) * 1978-05-05 1981-06-23 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Agent and process for carrying out colorimetric or photometric determinations
US4302480A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-11-24 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Thin cover sheet for use in microscopic staining and a process for its production
US4367754A (en) * 1979-04-02 1983-01-11 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of dispensing a blood sample
US4266558A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-05-12 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of collecting and dispensing a blood sample
US4276048A (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-06-30 Dynatech Ag Miniature reaction container and a method and apparatus for introducing micro volumes of liquid to such a container
US4477578A (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-10-16 Medical & Scientific, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing assays
US4588555A (en) * 1982-10-04 1986-05-13 Fmc Corporation Device for use in chemical reactions and analyses
US4806313A (en) * 1985-04-12 1989-02-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Rapid assay processor
US5173266A (en) * 1989-07-19 1992-12-22 Drummond Scientific Company Safety pipet
US5217693A (en) * 1990-05-29 1993-06-08 Mark Anderson Embryo washing apparatus and process
WO1993005880A1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-01 Innovative Biochemical Product, Inc. Appareil pour utilisation dans les reactions chimiques, enzymatiques et de dosages immunometriques
US5453246A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-09-26 Mitsubishi Yuka Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc. Dispensing apparatus
US5605838A (en) * 1993-09-17 1997-02-25 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method for the quantitative analysis of sample liquid
US6069014A (en) * 1995-05-09 2000-05-30 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Devices and methods for separating cellular components of blood from liquid portion of blood
US6197598B1 (en) 1995-05-09 2001-03-06 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Devices and methods for separating cellular components of blood from liquid portion of blood
US6008059A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-12-28 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Devices and methods for separating cellular components of blood from liquid portion of blood
US6268209B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2001-07-31 Idexx Laboratories, Inc. Device and method for determination of analyte in a solution
US6413778B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-07-02 Idexx Laboratories Methods for the detection and identification of crystals in biological fluids
US6557484B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2003-05-06 Jimmy Engelman Device for sugar and/or caffeine content indication
WO2004030821A1 (fr) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Klocke Verpackungs-Service Gmbh Dispositif permettant de determiner et d'afficher au moins une propriete physique, chimique ou biologique d'un liquide test
US20050226767A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2005-10-13 Hartmut Klocke Device for determing and displaying at least one physical, chemical or biological property of a test liquid
US7431883B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2008-10-07 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Clinical analysis system
US20050069454A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Bell Michael L. Clinical analysis system
US20050178218A1 (en) * 2004-01-28 2005-08-18 Jean Montagu Micro-volume blood sampling device
GB2418248A (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-22 Adam Brown Testing device for a spiked drink
GB2418248B (en) * 2004-09-17 2009-08-12 Adam Brown A testing device for spiked drinks
US20070086924A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Drummond Scientific Company Pipette with contamination indicator
GB2438675A (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-12-05 Checkmate Organisation Ltd An integrated liquid sampling and testing device for evaluating substances within potable liquids
US20070282181A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-06 Carol Findlay Visual medical sensor indicator
US8834946B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-09-16 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US8920857B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-12-30 Michael T. Abramson System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US9285352B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2016-03-15 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US9528973B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2016-12-27 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US9989509B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2018-06-05 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US10254266B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2019-04-09 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US10274475B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2019-04-30 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH536136A (fr) 1973-04-30
DE2153299A1 (de) 1972-09-14

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