US3777785A - Fluid switch - Google Patents

Fluid switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3777785A
US3777785A US3777785DA US3777785A US 3777785 A US3777785 A US 3777785A US 3777785D A US3777785D A US 3777785DA US 3777785 A US3777785 A US 3777785A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
outlet
receptacle
flow
fluid switch
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A Richardson
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Coulter Chemistry Inc
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Coulter Chemistry Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
    • G01N35/1097—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers characterised by the valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/40—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
    • B01F33/405—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes in receptacles having guiding conduits therein, e.g. for feeding the gas to the bottom of the receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
    • B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
    • B22D11/186—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level by using electric, magnetic, sonic or ultrasonic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/02—Details, e.g. special constructional devices for circuits with fluid elements, such as resistances, capacitive circuit elements; devices preventing reaction coupling in composite elements ; Switch boards; Program devices
    • F15C1/04—Means for controlling fluid streams to fluid devices, e.g. by electric signals or other signals, no mixing taking place between the signal and the flow to be controlled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/20—Direct-impact devices i.e., devices in which two collinear opposing power streams are impacted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
    • G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
    • G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/34—Arrangements for circulation of melts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
    • G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
    • G01N15/134—Devices using two or more apertures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1019—Associating Coulter-counter and optical flow cytometer [OFC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2076—Utilizing diverse fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/212—System comprising plural fluidic devices or stages
    • Y10T137/2125—Plural power inputs [e.g., parallel inputs]
    • Y10T137/2142—With variable or selectable source of control-input signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2164—Plural power inputs to single device
    • Y10T137/2169—Intersecting at interaction region [e.g., comparator]
    • Y10T137/2174—Co-lineal, oppositely-directed power inputs [e.g., impact modulator]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/4456—With liquid valves or liquid trap seals
    • Y10T137/4643—Liquid valves

Definitions

  • the fluid switch controls the flow of a liquid from a funnel shaped receptacle and causes mixing of the liquid when the switch is in a closed position.
  • the switch includes an air nozzle which extends into the receptacle and opens at a point adjacent a bottom outlet opening of the receptacle.
  • the nozzle is adapted to direct an air stream toward and through the outlet opening to pre-empt liquid flow therethrough. A greater amount of air than is necessary to pre-empt flow of liquid through the outlet opening may be directed at the outlet opening so that the excess air bubbles through the liquid causing turbulence and mixing of the liquid prior to the opening of the switch.
  • the invention relates to a device herein referred to as a fluid switch for controlling the flow of liquid from a receptacle i.e. for switching the flow on and off, and for mixing the liquid while the flow of same from the receptacle is stopped.
  • the invention relates to a fluid switch of the type described which is adapted for use in flame photometry but which also can be utilized in particle counting,-viscosity measurements, etc.
  • a fluid switch including a receptacle having an inlet and an outlet.
  • a device such as a nozzle extends into the receptacle and opens at a point within the receptacle proximate the outlet.
  • the device is adapted to direct a gas stream at said outlet to control the flow of liquid from the receptacle through the outlet.
  • the gas stream is coaxial with the outlet and the flow of gas into the receptacle may be greater than is needed for pre-empting liquid flow through the outlet such that the excess gas bubbles through the liquid to cause turbulence and mixing thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a s median sectional view of the fluid switch of the invention as used in an aerosol generator
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of the bottom portion of the fluid switch shown in FIG. 1 on a greatly enlarged scale.
  • the fluid switch of the invention is generally indicated at in FIG. 1 and includes a generally funnelshaped receptacle 12 which has a large mouth or inlet 14 at the top thereof. a smaller outlet 16 at the bottom of the funnel-shaped receptacle l2 and an intermediate converging portion 18 which converges to the outlet 16.
  • a feed tube 20 is connected to the outlet 16 of the receptacle l2 and forms part of an aerosol generator 21.
  • the feed tube 20 has an outlet end 22 which is located proximate to the outlet end 24 of an aerosol air supply tube 26.
  • the aerosol generator 21 including the fluid switch 10 of the invention is particularly useful in a flame photometry system.
  • the aerosol formed by the high pressure air exiting from the end 24 of the aerosolair supply tube intersecting the liquid stream flowing from the end 22 of the feed tube 20 can be fed in a conventional manner to a flame where it is ignited.
  • the color of the flame of the burning aerosol can then be analyzed for the purpose of making an analysis of the composition of the liquid or particles in the liquid mixture in the receptacle 12.
  • the switching and mixing mechanism of the fluid switch 10 includes a conduit 30 which extends downwardly into the receptacle l2 and opens at its lower end to provide a nozzle 32 proximate the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12.
  • the upper end 34 of the conduit 30 is connected via the extension 36 to a suitable valve mechanism 38 which is adapted to connect a suitable source of air under pressure to the conduit 30.
  • the conduit 30 is coaxial with the feed tube 20 such that the air stream exiting from the nozzle 32 will be coaxial with the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12. In this way the air stream from the nozzle 32 will better pre-empt the fluid which otherwise would flow through the feed tube 20.
  • valve 38 In the operation of the fluid switch 10 the valve 38 is first actuated to connect the conduit 30 to the source of air under pressure so that an air stream is directed at the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12 and into and through the feed tube 20. Thereafter an imperfect mixture of liquids such as human serum diluted in a solution of lithium carbonate is delivered into the receptacle 12. The air stream flows through the tube 20 and pre-empts the flow of liquid through the tube 20. Under these circumstances the fluid switch is in a closed position preventing liquid from flowing out of the receptacle 12. Another source of compressed air is connected to the aerosol supply tube 26 to place the aerosol generator defined by the tubes 20 and 26 in a ready position.
  • the volume of air flowing through the nozzle 32 is greater than the amount of air necessary to pre-empt the flow of liquid through the tube 20 such that there is an excess of air which bubbles through the liquid as shown by the bubbles 40 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This stream of bubbles through the liquid causes turbulence in the liquid and mixing of the liquid.
  • valve 38 is closed to stop the flow of air through the conduit 30 and the nozzle 32 allowing the now mixed liquid to be drawn into the aerosol generator feed tube 20 by gravity and by the aspirating effect of the air flowing from the air supply tube 26 past the outlet end 22 of the feed tube 20.
  • the liquid is atomized and directed into the flame for excitation of elemental emission spectra.
  • valve 38 Whenever the valve 38 is again turned on the air stream through the conduit 30 is re-established and a jet directed from the nozzle 32 at the outlet 16. This air stream will again pre-empt the aerosol feed tube 20 preventing liquid from flowing therethrough, thereby switching off the flow of fluid from the receptacle 12.
  • a fluid switch for use with a flame photometer a fluid switch was constructed in which the receptacle 12 had a diameter of about I inch and a capacity of about 7cc.
  • the tubes 26 and 30 and the conduit 30 were of capillary internal dimension, i.e., of the order of 0.020 inch in inside diameter. Other dimensions can be approximated from the drawing.
  • the fluid switch of the invention also provides a cleansing function in that the air directed at and through the feed tube serves to cleanse the tube of liquid material and keeps the same free for the flow of liquid when the air stream is turned off.
  • a fluid switch including a liquid dispensing receptacle having an inlet therein and an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof, a gas stream directing conduit extending into said receptacle having a discharge nozzle at one end fixed in position proximate said outlet, gas pressure supply means in communication with the other end of said conduit for delivering a quantity of gas through said nozzle and said outlet to preempt the flow of liquid through said outlet, said gas quantity being in excess of that needed to preempt liquid flow so that said excess will bubble through the liquid in said receptacle to cause turbulence and mixing of the liquid, and means to close off the gas flow to permit liquid flow through said outlet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The fluid switch controls the flow of a liquid from a funnel shaped receptacle and causes mixing of the liquid when the switch is in a ''''closed'''' position. The switch includes an air nozzle which extends into the receptacle and opens at a point adjacent a bottom outlet opening of the receptacle. The nozzle is adapted to direct an air stream toward and through the outlet opening to pre-empt liquid flow therethrough. A greater amount of air than is necessary to pre-empt flow of liquid through the outlet opening may be directed at the outlet opening so that the excess air bubbles through the liquid causing turbulence and mixing of the liquid prior to the ''''opening'''' of the switch.

Description

United States Patent 11 1 Jones 1 Dec. 11, 1973 [73] Assignee: Coulter Chemistry, 1nc., Maunabo,
22 Filed; o1.21,1971
21 Appl.No.: 191,215
3,614,962 10/1971 Atkinson et a1. 137/815 Primary Examiner-Samuel Scott Attorney-J. Irving Silverman [57] ABSTRACT The fluid switch controls the flow of a liquid from a funnel shaped receptacle and causes mixing of the liquid when the switch is in a closed position. The switch includes an air nozzle which extends into the receptacle and opens at a point adjacent a bottom outlet opening of the receptacle. The nozzle is adapted to direct an air stream toward and through the outlet opening to pre-empt liquid flow therethrough. A greater amount of air than is necessary to pre-empt flow of liquid through the outlet opening may be directed at the outlet opening so that the excess air bubbles through the liquid causing turbulence and mixing of the liquid prior to the opening of the switch.
5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJV III FLUID SWITCH BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a device herein referred to as a fluid switch for controlling the flow of liquid from a receptacle i.e. for switching the flow on and off, and for mixing the liquid while the flow of same from the receptacle is stopped.
More specifically the invention relates to a fluid switch of the type described which is adapted for use in flame photometry but which also can be utilized in particle counting,-viscosity measurements, etc.
In chemical or physical measurements of liquidliquid mixtures or liquid-solid suspension mixtures it is often required to achieve complete dispersion of the phases of the mixture prior to admitting the mixture to a measuring device or to a further processing device. For example, in the field of flame photometry it is desirable thoroughly to mix a liquid before atomizing the same and then directing the aerosol mixture into a flame.
This problem of incomplete or imperfect mixing of a solution is encountered, for example, in the analysis of human serum by means of flame photometry where a human serum is diluted in a solution of lithium carbonate. Accordingly it is the primary object of the present invention to provide a fluid switch which will adequately control the flow of a liquid from a receptacle. Preferably, prior to turning on the flow, that is to say when the switch is closed, the switch also functions thoroughly to mix the liquid.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention there is provided a fluid switch including a receptacle having an inlet and an outlet. A device such as a nozzle extends into the receptacle and opens at a point within the receptacle proximate the outlet. The device is adapted to direct a gas stream at said outlet to control the flow of liquid from the receptacle through the outlet. Preferably the gas stream is coaxial with the outlet and the flow of gas into the receptacle may be greater than is needed for pre-empting liquid flow through the outlet such that the excess gas bubbles through the liquid to cause turbulence and mixing thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a s median sectional view of the fluid switch of the invention as used in an aerosol generator;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of the bottom portion of the fluid switch shown in FIG. 1 on a greatly enlarged scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The fluid switch of the invention is generally indicated at in FIG. 1 and includes a generally funnelshaped receptacle 12 which has a large mouth or inlet 14 at the top thereof. a smaller outlet 16 at the bottom of the funnel-shaped receptacle l2 and an intermediate converging portion 18 which converges to the outlet 16. As shown a feed tube 20 is connected to the outlet 16 of the receptacle l2 and forms part of an aerosol generator 21. In this respect the feed tube 20 has an outlet end 22 which is located proximate to the outlet end 24 of an aerosol air supply tube 26.
The aerosol generator 21 including the fluid switch 10 of the invention is particularly useful in a flame photometry system. In this respect, the aerosol formed by the high pressure air exiting from the end 24 of the aerosolair supply tube intersecting the liquid stream flowing from the end 22 of the feed tube 20 can be fed in a conventional manner to a flame where it is ignited. The color of the flame of the burning aerosol can then be analyzed for the purpose of making an analysis of the composition of the liquid or particles in the liquid mixture in the receptacle 12.
The switching and mixing mechanism of the fluid switch 10 includes a conduit 30 which extends downwardly into the receptacle l2 and opens at its lower end to provide a nozzle 32 proximate the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12. The upper end 34 of the conduit 30 is connected via the extension 36 to a suitable valve mechanism 38 which is adapted to connect a suitable source of air under pressure to the conduit 30.
Preferably and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the conduit 30 is coaxial with the feed tube 20 such that the air stream exiting from the nozzle 32 will be coaxial with the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12. In this way the air stream from the nozzle 32 will better pre-empt the fluid which otherwise would flow through the feed tube 20.
In the operation of the fluid switch 10 the valve 38 is first actuated to connect the conduit 30 to the source of air under pressure so that an air stream is directed at the outlet 16 of the receptacle 12 and into and through the feed tube 20. Thereafter an imperfect mixture of liquids such as human serum diluted in a solution of lithium carbonate is delivered into the receptacle 12. The air stream flows through the tube 20 and pre-empts the flow of liquid through the tube 20. Under these circumstances the fluid switch is in a closed position preventing liquid from flowing out of the receptacle 12. Another source of compressed air is connected to the aerosol supply tube 26 to place the aerosol generator defined by the tubes 20 and 26 in a ready position.
Preferably, and in accordance with the teachings of the invention the volume of air flowing through the nozzle 32 is greater than the amount of air necessary to pre-empt the flow of liquid through the tube 20 such that there is an excess of air which bubbles through the liquid as shown by the bubbles 40 in FIGS. 1 and 2. This stream of bubbles through the liquid causes turbulence in the liquid and mixing of the liquid.
After a suitable interval of time the valve 38 is closed to stop the flow of air through the conduit 30 and the nozzle 32 allowing the now mixed liquid to be drawn into the aerosol generator feed tube 20 by gravity and by the aspirating effect of the air flowing from the air supply tube 26 past the outlet end 22 of the feed tube 20. The liquid is atomized and directed into the flame for excitation of elemental emission spectra.
Whenever the valve 38 is again turned on the air stream through the conduit 30 is re-established and a jet directed from the nozzle 32 at the outlet 16. This air stream will again pre-empt the aerosol feed tube 20 preventing liquid from flowing therethrough, thereby switching off the flow of fluid from the receptacle 12.
In order to convey an understanding of the general proportions of a practical device, for use with a flame photometer a fluid switch was constructed in which the receptacle 12 had a diameter of about I inch and a capacity of about 7cc. The tubes 26 and 30 and the conduit 30 were of capillary internal dimension, i.e., of the order of 0.020 inch in inside diameter. Other dimensions can be approximated from the drawing.
It is to be noted that in addition to providing switching and mixing functions the fluid switch of the invention also provides a cleansing function in that the air directed at and through the feed tube serves to cleanse the tube of liquid material and keeps the same free for the flow of liquid when the air stream is turned off.
From the foregoing description it will be obvious to those skilled in the art of fluid control systems that obvious modifications and variations can be made to the fluid switch of the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly the scope of the invention is only to be limited as necessitated by the accompanying claims.
What it is desired to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
l. A fluid switch including a liquid dispensing receptacle having an inlet therein and an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof, a gas stream directing conduit extending into said receptacle having a discharge nozzle at one end fixed in position proximate said outlet, gas pressure supply means in communication with the other end of said conduit for delivering a quantity of gas through said nozzle and said outlet to preempt the flow of liquid through said outlet, said gas quantity being in excess of that needed to preempt liquid flow so that said excess will bubble through the liquid in said receptacle to cause turbulence and mixing of the liquid, and means to close off the gas flow to permit liquid flow through said outlet.
2. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means to close off the gas flow includes valve means in said conduit.
3. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conduit is coaxial with said outlet.
4. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said receptacle is a funnel which converges toward said outlet.
5. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 4 wherein said outlet includes a tube at the lower end of said funnel.

Claims (5)

1. A fluid switch including a liquid dispensing receptacle having an inlet therein and an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof, a gas stream directing conduit extending into said receptacle having a discharge nozzle at one end fixed in position proximate said outlet, gas pressure supply means in communication with the other end of said conduit for delivering a quantity of gas through said nozzle and said outlet to preempt the flow of liquid through said outlet, said gas quantity being in excess of that needed to preempt liquid flow so that said excess will bubble through the liquid in said receptacle to cause turbulence and mixing of the liquid, and means to close off the gas flow to permit liquid flow through said outlet.
2. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means to close off the gas flow includes valve means in said conduit.
3. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conduit is coaxial with said outlet.
4. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said receptacle is a funnel which converges toward said outlet.
5. The fluid switch as claimed in claim 4 wherein said outlet includes a tube at the lower end of said funnel.
US3777785D 1963-12-12 1971-10-21 Fluid switch Expired - Lifetime US3777785A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33003063A 1963-12-12 1963-12-12
FR70807A FR1496169A (en) 1963-12-12 1966-07-26 Electromagnetic nozzle
US63128467A 1967-04-17 1967-04-17
US80358869A 1969-03-03 1969-03-03
US19121571A 1971-10-21 1971-10-21

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US3777785A true US3777785A (en) 1973-12-11

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US3520316D Expired - Lifetime US3520316A (en) 1963-12-12 1963-12-12 Pressure-to-pressure transducer
US3549994D Expired - Lifetime US3549994A (en) 1963-12-12 1967-04-17 Automatic method and apparatus for obtaining different dilutions from blood or the like samples and processing the same by fluid handling and electronics to obtain certain nonelectric parameters
US3463365D Expired - Lifetime US3463365A (en) 1963-12-12 1967-07-18 Metal casting apparatus with electromagnetic nozzle
US3614962D Expired - Lifetime US3614962A (en) 1963-12-12 1969-03-03 Impact modulator having cascaded control nozzles
US3777785D Expired - Lifetime US3777785A (en) 1963-12-12 1971-10-21 Fluid switch

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US3520316D Expired - Lifetime US3520316A (en) 1963-12-12 1963-12-12 Pressure-to-pressure transducer
US3549994D Expired - Lifetime US3549994A (en) 1963-12-12 1967-04-17 Automatic method and apparatus for obtaining different dilutions from blood or the like samples and processing the same by fluid handling and electronics to obtain certain nonelectric parameters
US3463365D Expired - Lifetime US3463365A (en) 1963-12-12 1967-07-18 Metal casting apparatus with electromagnetic nozzle
US3614962D Expired - Lifetime US3614962A (en) 1963-12-12 1969-03-03 Impact modulator having cascaded control nozzles

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US (5) US3520316A (en)
JP (4) JPS49225B1 (en)
BE (2) BE701846A (en)
CA (2) CA936018A (en)
CH (2) CH494963A (en)
DE (4) DE1300208B (en)
ES (5) ES352852A1 (en)
FR (4) FR1496169A (en)
GB (4) GB1194584A (en)
IL (4) IL29836A (en)
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NL (3) NL6709747A (en)
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GB1232701A (en) 1971-05-19
LU54155A1 (en) 1967-09-21
SE337706B (en) 1971-08-16
DE2009713B2 (en) 1975-01-16
GB1305813A (en) 1973-02-07
IT966272B (en) 1974-02-11
DE2249554A1 (en) 1973-04-26
DE1773226A1 (en) 1972-04-27
JPS556192B1 (en) 1980-02-14
DE1300208B (en) 1969-07-31
ES367188A1 (en) 1972-01-01
ES407499A1 (en) 1975-10-16
US3520316A (en) 1970-07-14
GB1194584A (en) 1970-06-10
CH563184A5 (en) 1975-06-30
GB1369557A (en) 1974-10-09
FR1571423A (en) 1969-06-20
FR2034613A1 (en) 1970-12-11
FR2034613B1 (en) 1974-08-09
IL38219A (en) 1973-02-28
IL40531A (en) 1975-10-15
BE701846A (en) 1968-01-02
JPS49225B1 (en) 1974-01-07
NL6709747A (en) 1968-01-29
IL40531A0 (en) 1972-12-29
FR1496169A (en) 1967-09-29
FR2157374A5 (en) 1973-06-01
DE2009713C3 (en) 1975-08-28
NL6805384A (en) 1968-10-18
ES367190A1 (en) 1971-04-01
SE309656B (en) 1969-03-31
CH494963A (en) 1970-08-15
IL29836A (en) 1972-02-29
US3549994A (en) 1970-12-22
DE1773226B2 (en) 1975-10-09
IL29836A0 (en) 1968-06-20
JPS542598B1 (en) 1979-02-09
ZA727237B (en) 1974-05-29
BE713776A (en) 1968-10-17
AU4759672A (en) 1974-08-15
CA936018A (en) 1973-10-30
NL7213663A (en) 1973-04-25
DE2009713A1 (en) 1970-09-17
JPS4846773A (en) 1973-07-03
ES352852A1 (en) 1970-01-16
CA931508A (en) 1973-08-07
US3463365A (en) 1969-08-26
US3614962A (en) 1971-10-26
ES367189A1 (en) 1971-04-01

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