US3778580A - Method for providing alloyed zones on a hardfaced workpiece - Google Patents

Method for providing alloyed zones on a hardfaced workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778580A
US3778580A US00239071A US3778580DA US3778580A US 3778580 A US3778580 A US 3778580A US 00239071 A US00239071 A US 00239071A US 3778580D A US3778580D A US 3778580DA US 3778580 A US3778580 A US 3778580A
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United States
Prior art keywords
consumable
workpiece
guide
hardfaced
work surface
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00239071A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Bierwith
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Great Canadian Oil Sands Ltd
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Great Canadian Oil Sands Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/285—Teeth characterised by the material used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K25/00—Slag welding, i.e. using a heated layer or mass of powder, slag or the like in contact with the material to be joined
    • B23K25/005—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00 relating to soldering or welding
    • B23K31/025—Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools; Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to tableware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/14—Arc welding or cutting making use of insulated electrodes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [51] Int. B23h 9/18 [58] Field of Search.................... 219/146, 145, 137, A metlwd for hardfac'ng metal Pmv'de 219/126, 77 76, 73; 37/142; 76/DIG 11, 1; a hardfaced work surface varying in composition over a cross section of the face thereof said method utilizing consumable guide nozzles and electroslag welding procedures.
  • the present invention relates to a procedure of hardfacing metal workpieces such as digging tools.
  • the present method provides a hardfaced tool having a variation in metallurgy across the work surface of the tool.
  • the present invention relates to methods and compositions for manufacturing hardfaced tools utilizing electroslag welding techniques and consumable guide nozzles that are particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of digging tools and the like.
  • the manufacture of tools and implements used in mining present particular problems to the toolmaking industry. For example, excavator teeth must have a wear surface which has a high resistance to abrasion while at the same time having good tensile strength properties.
  • U. S. Pat. No. 2,909,778 to Landis et al. proposes a method of electro arc welding using particular types of electrodes.
  • Electroslag welding as mentioned above comprises generally a process whereby heat is generated by passing an electric arc between electrodes and a ground base. The passing of a current through the electrode melts the electrode to provide a weld pool suitable for fusing metal articles together or which when properly held in a cavity or gap can provide a hardfacing for the metal workpiece being treated.
  • Recent developments in the area of electroslag welding have also provided consumable guide nozzles which can be made up of particular metal alloys which when added to the consumable electrode provide a final hardface alloy which may have attractive abrasion resistance and good wear properties.
  • the consumable guide nozzles disclosed in the art generally comprise a steel tube around which is provided a larger tube containing the metal particles directed for use in the electroslag welding technique.
  • the final weld on the face of the workpiece contains an alloy of the metal in the electrode wire fed into the electroslag welding apparatus and the metal components which form the consumable guide nozzles used during the welding process.
  • the consumable guide nozzle also serve the purpose of directing the electrode wire into the slag pool.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing hardfaced work tools in which the facing on the work surface of the tool can be custom tailored to provide specific properties in designated areas of the work surface.
  • the present invention comprises a method for hard-facing workpieces which utilizes consumable guide nozzles in electroslag weld hardfacing. These consumable guide nozzles contain particular metal alloy compositions which provide the specific metallurgy designed into a particular area of the workpiece being manufactured.
  • hardfaced workpiece which in effect is custom tailored. That is, a hardfaced workpiece is provided which has the particular metallic alloy custom tailored in the hardface to be centered in the area where specific characteristics are required.
  • the area of a tool where the work surface is subject to high abrasion is hardfaced using consumable guide nozzles utilized in electroslag weld hardfacing which contain a metal alloy designed specifically for its resistance to abrasion.
  • a consumable guide nozzle is provided which contains a high nickel and chrome content.
  • electroslag welding techniques are preferred.
  • consumable guide nozzles containing metal alloys designed to make up the final composition of hardfaced element are selectively provided.
  • FIG. I is a consumable guide nozzle made up of the metallic particle composition known as composition A.
  • FIG. II is a consumable guide nozzle made up of the metallic particle composition known as composition B.
  • FIG. III illustrates a bucketwheel excavator tooth having disposed in a cavity or gap formed to provide for the hardfacing of the wear surface of the tooth as shown consumable electroslag guide nozzles A and B in place for electroslag wled hardsurfacing.
  • FIG. IV illustrates an electroslag welding apparatus well known in the art showing consumable guide nozzles A and B in placein the cavity of workiece 10 to be hardfaced.
  • FIG. V illustrates the finished product of workpiece l0 havinga hardfacing on the work surface thereof as shown containing the custom tailored alloy on the surface.
  • FIG. VI is another vicw ofthe same workpiece in FIG. V illustrating the cross section of custom tailored metal alloy hardfacing.
  • a forged or cast steel or other metal alloy workpiece can be hardfaced in a manner to provide a unique custom tailored work surface on that workpiece.
  • a workpiece such as a bucketwheel excavator tooth used in mining can be hardfaced in a manner whereby the area of the work surface of the tooth which is most subject to severe abrasions contains a metallic alloy composition specifically designed to have high resistance to abrasive wear.
  • a metallic alloy is provided which has acceptable wear properties while at the same time having high tensile properties thereby providing for strength in the area of the workpiece where it is more specifically required.
  • a workpiece having a hardfacing on the work surface thereof whereby the hard surface composition is custom tailored to provide the properties most needed in the particular area of the workpiece.
  • FIGS. I through VII give one embodiment of this invention.
  • a bucketwheel excavator tooth having a narrow tip and a broad base both of which are subject to abrasion is custom tailored so that the tip of the tooth having the most severe exposure to abrasion contains a hardfacing alloy which is most suitable for resistance to wear.
  • the hardfacing on that tooth also contains an alloy toward the center of the tooth where improved tensile strength is required.
  • the base portion of the tooth is hardfaced with a metallic alloy which has high tensile strength.
  • FIG. I illustrates a consumable guide nozzle which generally can comprise an elongated outer shell 5 having a hollow tube 6 located within the shell.
  • the shell is also filled with fine particulate blend of metal alloys 7.
  • the consumable guide can be of any shape suitable to fit the area to be hardfaced.
  • the consumable nozzle of FIG. I contains the composition disclosed for consumable nozzle A given above and is therefore designated as nozzle A in FIGS. I, II and IV herein presented.
  • FIG. II illustrates a consumable guide nozzle B similar to that of FIG. I having outer shell 4 and inner hollow tube 8 with the variation that the metal particulate composition of 9 which fills outer shell 4 is of a different blend of metal particles in order to provide a hardface composition having different physical properties.
  • FIG. III illustrates a bucketwheel excavator tooth of one type 10 shown in position to be hard surfaced having a depression or gap in the area of the work surface of the tooth.
  • the depression 19 has disposed therein consumable electrodes A and B of FIGS. I and II respectively.
  • FIG. IV illustrates an electroslag'welding apparatus of the type that can be used in providing the custom hardfacing of the present invention.
  • a forged steel excavator tooth l0 suitable for use in the bucket wheel excavator used for mining tar sands or the like.
  • the tooth is placed on workbench II in a position so that consumable guide nozzles 15 which are nozzles A and B of FIGS. I and II respectively are located within the indentation provided on the work surface of workpiece 10 to be hardfaced.
  • sump 16 which is a depression in bench 22 nornally provided when electroslag welding procedures are employed.
  • Consumable electrode wires 13 are fed through guide nozzle 15 to the space between the workpiece and heat exchange means 17 which can be a copper shoe having a fluid circulating therethrough to maintain a certain surface temperature on the heat exchange medium.
  • electrode wire 13 travels through straightening mechanism 20 and wire feeding mechanism 21 to the interior of consumable nozzles into the electroslag tool.
  • Consumable nozzles 15 are releasably connected to extension 14 of the wire feeding mechanism 21.
  • Heat exchange shoe 17 has a means for coolant inlet and outlet as shown at 18. The placing of the heat exchange means 17 adjacent to the depression in the surface of workpiece 10 provides a cavity or .gap to maintain the electroslag weld in the area of the surface of the workpiece to be hardfaced.
  • Welding current to electrodes 13 is supplied from the conventional power supply 30 through cables 31 to lugs on extension 23.
  • the power passes through the lugs to consumable guides 15 and thereafter through the electroslag welding pool into workbench 11 and back to the power supply through cable 22.
  • the consumable guide nozzles 15 which are also nozzles A and B can be made to oscillate across the thickness of the cavity formed on workpiece 10 to thereby distribute the heat evenly across the area being hardfaced as well as provide for a uniform transition of metallic alloy from the alloy composition of consumable nozzle A to the alloy composition of consumable nozzle B.
  • the rate at which electrode 13 is fed into the weld is regulated by control of apparatus 25 which has a connection to the wire feeding mechanism 21 by cable 26.
  • Control apparatus 25 is also provided with means to adjust the welding voltage remotely through cable 27 and to regulate through cable 28 the velocity at which the consumable guides 15 move across the thickness of the cavity of the workpiece 10.
  • the welding current is determined by setting the wire speed control.
  • the wire feed mechanism 21 is powered by motor 29 in response to signals from unit 25 conducted through connection 26.
  • FIG. V illustrates the finished custom tailored hardfaced bucketwheel excavator tooth 10 suitable for mining tar sands.
  • the composition across the hardface area of workpiece 10 is shown where the metallic alloy consumable nozzle A is primarily disposed in area 32 of the surface hardfaced on workpiece l0.
  • Metallic alloy of consumable nozzle B is primarily provided in area 34 of FIG. V on workpiece 10.
  • area 33 of FIG. V there is provided an integration of the alloys of consumable nozzles A and B to provide a transition of the characteristics of each of the metal alloys of consumable nozzles A and B.
  • FIG. VI illustrates another view of the same workpiece as shown in FIG. V illustrating the custom tailored hardfacing on the bucketwheel excavator tooth 10 showing the composition across the area of hardfacing with the primary alloy of consumable nozzle A being in the area 32 and that of consumable nozzle B being in the area of 34 with area 33 providing an amalgamation of the two alloys to provide for a transition of the properties of consumable nozzles A and B over the whole of the surface of the metal workpiece manufactured.
  • a metal workpiece such as a forged steel tooth 10 designed for use on a bucketwheel excavator and having an indentation on its face is first preheated to a temperature in the range of 500-l00OF. and more preferably 600-700F. and placed in the proper relation to consumable nozzles 15 which are comprised of a compacted alloy of particles having a size distribution in the range of -140 mesh and each containing the components disclosed for nozzles A and B respectively above.
  • the metallic particle blends were combined in a sodium silicate liquid carrier, compressed into the outer shell and the guide tube was inserted through the center of the filled shell.
  • a second consumable guide nozzle having means for passing a consumable electrode wire therethrough said second guide nozzle containing a different predetermined metallurgical composition from that of said first guide nozzle said metallurgical composition comprised of fine metal granules adhered to hollow metal guide tube;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US00239071A 1972-03-29 1972-03-29 Method for providing alloyed zones on a hardfaced workpiece Expired - Lifetime US3778580A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US23907172A 1972-03-29 1972-03-29

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US (1) US3778580A (it)
JP (1) JPS545379B2 (it)
CA (1) CA970836A (it)
DE (1) DE2314385C3 (it)
FR (1) FR2177959B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1398500A (it)
IT (1) IT981284B (it)
SE (1) SE384462B (it)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4334495A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-06-15 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for use in making an object
US4726432A (en) * 1987-07-13 1988-02-23 Hughes Tool Company-Usa Differentially hardfaced rock bit
US20130160335A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2013-06-27 Excalibur Steel Company Pty Ltd Wear resistant component
US20160031034A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2016-02-04 Esab Ab Welding apparatus and a method for welding
WO2018090098A1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-24 Muddie's Holdings Pty Ltd Method of application of hard facing to wear parts and apparatus formed therefrom
CN110000487A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-07-12 郑州机械研究所有限公司 一种基体增强型管状药芯碳化钨耐磨焊条

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK165775C (da) * 1985-07-18 1993-06-14 Teknologisk Inst Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en sliddel til et jordbearbejdningsredskab
US4770253A (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-13 Kennametal Inc. Grader blade with tiered inserts on leading edge
JP3382730B2 (ja) * 1994-08-02 2003-03-04 株式会社小松製作所 耐摩耗肉盛層形成方法およびその方法を用いる耐摩耗複合材
DE102008042476C5 (de) * 2008-09-30 2018-01-18 Eipa Eisen Palmen Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Auflage auf einem Träger

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191471A (en) * 1936-09-16 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Welding method
US2191469A (en) * 1936-02-18 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Veneering of metallic surfaces
US3518397A (en) * 1968-06-20 1970-06-30 Hobart Brothers Co Apparatus for electroslag welding
US3665143A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-05-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of constructing substantially circular cross-section vessel by welding

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191469A (en) * 1936-02-18 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Veneering of metallic surfaces
US2191471A (en) * 1936-09-16 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Welding method
US3518397A (en) * 1968-06-20 1970-06-30 Hobart Brothers Co Apparatus for electroslag welding
US3665143A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-05-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of constructing substantially circular cross-section vessel by welding

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4334495A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-06-15 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for use in making an object
US4358471A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-11-09 Trw Inc. Control apparatus
US4726432A (en) * 1987-07-13 1988-02-23 Hughes Tool Company-Usa Differentially hardfaced rock bit
US20130160335A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2013-06-27 Excalibur Steel Company Pty Ltd Wear resistant component
US9027266B2 (en) * 2010-06-28 2015-05-12 Excalibur Steel Company Pty Ltd Wear resistant component
US20160031034A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2016-02-04 Esab Ab Welding apparatus and a method for welding
US10625362B2 (en) * 2010-09-29 2020-04-21 Esab Ab Welding apparatus and a method for welding
WO2018090098A1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-24 Muddie's Holdings Pty Ltd Method of application of hard facing to wear parts and apparatus formed therefrom
CN110000487A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-07-12 郑州机械研究所有限公司 一种基体增强型管状药芯碳化钨耐磨焊条

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Publication number Publication date
JPS545379B2 (it) 1979-03-16
DE2314385B2 (de) 1978-05-24
JPS4914348A (it) 1974-02-07
IT981284B (it) 1974-10-10
CA970836A (en) 1975-07-08
DE2314385C3 (de) 1979-01-25
SE384462B (sv) 1976-05-10
FR2177959B1 (it) 1978-06-09
FR2177959A1 (it) 1973-11-09
GB1398500A (en) 1975-06-25
DE2314385A1 (de) 1973-10-25

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