US3779359A - System for performing carrier return operation - Google Patents

System for performing carrier return operation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3779359A
US3779359A US00191679A US3779359DA US3779359A US 3779359 A US3779359 A US 3779359A US 00191679 A US00191679 A US 00191679A US 3779359D A US3779359D A US 3779359DA US 3779359 A US3779359 A US 3779359A
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United States
Prior art keywords
signal
leadscrew
electronic
rotation
carrier
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00191679A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Morrison
R Raesz
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J19/00—Character- or line-spacing mechanisms
    • B41J19/18—Character-spacing or back-spacing mechanisms; Carriage return or release devices therefor
    • B41J19/68—Carriage-return mechanisms, e.g. manually actuated
    • B41J19/70—Carriage-return mechanisms, e.g. manually actuated power driven

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system for performing a carrier return operation in a typewriter, printer, etc., having a leadscrew controlled carrier, and controlling when the carrier is to be returned dependent upon a carrier return signal generated in conjunction with combinations of generated signals indicative of rotation and non-rotation of the leadscrew, and the leadscrew rotational position,
  • the system is structured such that the carrier will be returned and properly positioned at the left margin of starting line upon termination of escapement, and upon signals being generated indicating that the leadscrew is in its home rotational position.
  • This invention relates generally to carrier return systems in typewriters having a leadscrew controlled carrier, and more specifically to a system for performing a carrier return operation wherein signal sequences and combinations related to carrier escapement and the leadscrew rotational position in conjunction with a carrier return signal control when the carrier is to be returned.
  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,346,088 Disclosed is a single element typewriter having a carrier and a leadscrew which must be horned or rotated to a predetermined rotational position to correctly position the carrier at the end of a carrier return operation.
  • the homing operation involves the steps of removing escapement and holding pawls from a pin wheel, allowing the leadscrew to rotate in a direction to advance the carrier, sensing when the leadscrew has reached a home position, and re-engaging the escapement and holding pawls with the pin wheel.
  • Sensing is by means of a sensing pawl engaging oppositely disposed and radially projecting homing lugs on a homing disc.
  • the sensing pawl engages one of the radially projecting homing lugs andthe escapement and holding pawls are not withdrawn from the pin wheel. In this event, the leadscrew is not rotated, is already homed, and the carrier is returned.
  • the apparatus for performing other operations is also utilized for performing a carrier return operation.
  • the emitter wheel and associated sensor can also be used for tabular operations, for determining the measure, for determining the position of the carrier, for determining the extent of escapement, etc.
  • the ratchet gear and associated magnet-armature assembly can also be used for terminating character, tab, and space escapement.
  • a carrier return operation is accomplished electronically and takes advantage of existing apparatus, thus not increasing the likelihood of mechanical failure through incorporation of additional mechanical apparatus.
  • FIG. I shows a typewriter carrier and means for urging the carrier in the advancing and return directions, and a leadscrew and an associated emitter wheel and ratchet gear for controlling advancement of the carrier.
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of the emitter wheel and an associated sensing device.
  • FIG. 3 is a more detailed view of the ratchet gear and an associated magnet-armature assembly.
  • FIG. 4 is a timing diagram showing the relationship of sensed spokes on the emitter wheel and the teeth on the ratchet gear.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting the apparatus for performing a carrier return operation and controlling when the carrier is to be returned.
  • means are provided for generating and recognizing signal combinations in conjunction with a carrier return signal for the purposes of insuring that the leadscrew controlling the carrier in a carrier type type writer has been horned prior to effecting the return of the carrier.
  • the signal combinations are dependent upon rotation and non-rotation of the leadscrew and the leadscrew rotational position.
  • the system is such that a carrier return signal can be generated from a keyboard or a record reader and that the return of the carrier will not take place until carrier escapement in either direction for previously keyed or read characters and functions has terminated.
  • a carrier return signal and a home signal indicative of the home rotational position of the leadscrew will cause the carrier to return to the left margin or starting line. Since the leadscrew has been horned, when the carrier is returned to the left margin the threads on the leadscrew will be engaged and the carrier will be maintained at that position until escapement is again initiated.
  • Carrier 16 is driven to the left, or in the return direction, for a carrier return operation by cable 30 which follows a path around pulleys 14, 13 and over pulley 25 to windup block 24. Force is applied by cable 30 through gears 22 and 23 by means of shaft 21 connected to a motor or other power means not shown, and the transmission of power through shaft 21 will also effect windup of mainspring 27.
  • the leadscrew 1 has an emitter wheel 31 on one'end and a ratchet gear 32 on the other end.
  • Ratchet gear 32 and teeth 2 have associated therewith a magnet-armature assembly comprising armature 3 biased by spring 4 over fulcrum member 28, and electro-magnet 5.
  • electro-magnet 5 is deactivated, allowing armature 3 to contact and abut the teeth 2 on ratchet gear 32.
  • Emitter wheel 31 on the left end of leadscrew 1 has emitter spokes 9 and a home emitter spoke 8, and has an associated sensing device 10 containing a home sensor 126 and an emitter sensor 127 for sensing the passage therethrough of emitter spokes 9 and home emitter spoke 8, and providing signals indicative thereof.
  • Lead wires 12 carry pulses indicating the sensing of the home emitter spoke 8 and lead wires 11 carry pulses indicating the sensing of emitter spokes 9.
  • Lead wires 1 1 and 12 are connected to the remainder of the system as will be described with reference to FIG. 5.
  • emitter wheel 31 and ratchet gear 32 are shown in more detail illustrating the correspondence of home emitter spoke 8 and home lug 38 of teeth 2.
  • Emitter wheel 31 and ratchet gear 32 are viewed from the end of leadscrew 1 having ratchet gear 32.
  • a timing diagram is shown in FIG. 4 showing the relationship of ratchet gear 32 and signals generated upon the sensing of home emitter and emitter spokes 8 and 9 on emitter wheel 31.
  • the home and emitter sensors 126 and 127 both provide signals due to the structure of the home emitter spoke 8, and these two signals are combined.
  • the combination signal will for a carrier return operation control electro-magnet 5, which upon deactivation will allow armature 3 to contact lug 37 of teeth 2 and thereafter abut surface 39 of home lug 38 of teeth 2 stopping rotation of leadscrew 1.
  • Surface 39, lug 37, and home lug 38 have been described separately for purposes of clarity. In actual practice, as far as the actual structure of the ratchet gear 32, per se, is concerned, surface 39 is identical to surfaces 33 and lug 37 and home lug 38 are identical to lugs 34. That is, ratchet gear 32 is symmetrical with respect to its axis of rotation.
  • the combination signal will remain up until electro-magnet 5 is again activated and rotation of leadscrew 1 is initiated. This relationship will become more readily apparent upon reading the remainder of the specification.
  • FIG. 5 in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4.
  • a printer or typewriter keyboard 41 and record reader 42 either of which serves as a source of character and function output, providing signals to the remainder of the system.
  • Characters are defined herein to be characters and spaces, while the functions referred to herein are defined to be tab, backspace, and carrier return.
  • Assembly 50 is made up of apparatus described above. That is, leadscrew l is shown in FIG. 1, the home and emitter sensors 126 and 127 make up sensing device 10 shown in FIG. 1, emitter wheel 31 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the forward escapement magnet is shown as electro-magnet 5 in FIG. 1, the ratchet gear 32 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the armature assembly is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and is made up of armature 3, spring 4, and fulcrum 28, and the backspace magnet and spring clutch assembly referred to above for effecting reverse rotation of leadscrew 1 has not been shown in FIG. 1 in order to avoid confusion.
  • the structure of this, or a similar apparatus, is well known to those skilled in the art; being comprised of a magnet, armature, gear train, and spring clutch.
  • the signal combinations to be considered in conjunction with a carrier return signal are a home signal (HOME) and a Not rotational signal (ROTATION or E S HOME and a rotation signal (ROTATION or ESC), ROTATION and a Not home signal (HOME), and ROTATION and HOME.
  • the carrier return signal is generated from printer keyboard 41 upon the operator keying a carrier return or from record reader 42 reading codes on a recording media.
  • the signal applied along line 101 is to spaced encode 102 which causes space encode 102 to output a space along line 105, through OR gate 107, and along line 108 for storage in escapement register 58.
  • Space encode 102 is structured to output a space having a three-unit escapement value count. This stored count is applied along line 56 to comparator 54 and there compared with the count of emitter pulses applied to comparator 54 along line 53 from escapement counter 52. Emitter pulses sensed upon rotation of leadscrew 1 by the emitter sensor (127 in FIG. 1) of assembly 50 are applied along a single representative line 49 (lines 11 in in FIGS. 1 and 2) to escapement counter 52.
  • E'scapement counter 52 and escapement register 58 are resettable, and are reset along lines 1 13 and 114, respectively, each time a signal is applied along line 55 which occurs when the contents of escapement counter 52 are greater than, or equal to, the contents of escapement register 58. Leadscrew 1 will not be stopped until the count in escapement counter 52 is equal to, or exceeds, the count for a space, or a previous character or function. When leadscrew 1 is stopped, escapement counter 52 and escapement register 58 will have been reset to zero for input and accumulation of the count for the next character or function.
  • comparator 54 With a three-unit space input to the escapement register 58, comparator 54 will bring up lines 57 and 59 when the count-in escapement counter 52 is less than the count inescapement register 58. This will set character escapement latch 63 which is reset upon termination of escapement for any previous character or function as will be described in more detail below.
  • a signal is applied along line 64, through OR gate 66, and thence along line 67 to the forward escapement magnet in assembly 50.
  • the forward escapement magnet in assembly 50 corresponds to electromagnet 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the signal applied along line 67 is an initiation signal and causes the forward escapement magnet in assembly 50 to be activated, disengaging armature 3 from ratchet gear 32, and initiating or allowing, rotation of leadscrew 1 and escapement of carrier 16.
  • character escapement latch 63 will be reset. If however, a home signal had not appeared on line 48 by the time a B 2 A signal appeared on line 55, leadscrew 1 would continue rotating since all input conditions to NAND gate 91 would be up resulting in a down input into NAND gate 94 which would cause a positive logical level to be applied to character escapement latch 63. Character escapement latch 63 would not be reset since a down signal along line 95 is required for resetting.
  • carrier escapement latch 63 is reset as described, with carrier return and index magnets 83 being activated. At this time, the conditions EG and HOME are met and carrier 16 is returned. During the returnof carrier 16, leadscrew l is not rotating, is in its home rotational position, and the reset condition for resetting carrier escapement latch 63 is still met. A repeat carrier return signal on line 46 will effectively only result in the indexing of the printer or typewriter platen (not shown) upon carrier return and index magnets 83 being activated again.
  • forward escapement magnet of assembly 50 (electro-magnet 5 in FIG. ll) it is controlled by either character escapement latch 63 or tab escapement latch 70, with the last input having control thereof through OR gate 66. That is, during tab escapement of carrier 16, a signal applied along line resetting character escapement latch 63 will not deactivate the forward escapement magnet during rotation of leadscrew 1 when escapement or rotation signals are applied along lines 68 and 73 in conjunction with the tab function signal applied along lines 46, and 74.
  • a signal appears on lines 55 and 81. Thereafter, when carrier 16 contacts a tab stop contact 123 and a signal indicative thereof is applied along line 80, and a subsequent, or coincidental, home signal appears on line. 79, a signal is gated through NAND gate 78, and inverted, by inverter 124, providing the down signal applied along line 77 for resetting tab escapement latch 70 and deactivating the forward escapement magnet of assembly 50.
  • the CR, W, and HOME signals then applied along lines 87, 86, and 85, respectively, are gated through AND gate 109 and along line 84 for activating carrier return and index magnets 83 for causing carrier 16 to return.
  • This signal in conjunction with the backspace operation signal on line 61 caused a signal to be gated through AND gate 117 and along lines 62 136, activating the backspace magnet and spring clutch assembly of assembly 50 and causing reverse rotation of leadscrew l and reverse escapement of carrier 16.
  • the signal applied along line 57 also appeared on line 59, setting escapement latch 63.
  • the other input to NAND gate 94 along line 93 is also up since the signal appearing along line 88 is down (due to the up signal appearing on line 110 having been inverted by inverter 121) at the time the NOT home signal applied I along line 89 is either up or down and the carrier return signal along line 90 is up.
  • the resulting down signal output from NAND gate 94 is applied along line 95 for resetting carrier escapement latch 63 and deactivating the forward escapement magnet of assembly 50. As pointed out above, deactivation of the forward escapement magnet of assembly 50 does not stop reverse rotation of leadscrew 1 since armature 3 ratchets over teeth 2 on ratchet gear 32.
  • leadscrew 1 takes place when the signal applied along line 57 is no longer up for activating the backspace magnet and spring clutch assembly of assembly 50.
  • the resetting of character escapement latch 63 and the deactivation of the forward escapement magnet of assembly 50 prevents forward rotation of leadscrew 1 when the backspace magnet and spring clutch assembly of assembly 50 is deactivated.
  • a backspace latch could be included in the above system to insure the forward homing of leadscrew 1. That is, a backspace latch could be used to insure that the return of carrier 16 will only follow forward escapement.
  • a down signal on line 57 causing leadscrew 1 to stop reverse rotation in conjunction with a home signal would satisfy the conditions for gating a signal through AND gate 109 and along line 84, activating carrier return and index magnets 83 and causing carrier 16 to return.
  • the leadscrew 1 when the carrier I 16 has been returned to the left margin or starting line and the carrier return and index magnets 83 have been deactivated, the leadscrew 1 will be in its home rotational position and the pivotable shoe 6 will engage the threads on the leadscrew 1 and the carrier 16 will be positioned and maintained at the left margin.
  • a system for performing a carrier return operation in typewriters, printers, and similar apparatuses having a leadscrew controlling a carrier comprising:
  • said fourth means includes means for stopping rotation of said leadscrew upon the occurrence of an electronic home signal.
  • said fourth means includes means for continuing rotation of said leadscrew upon the occurrence of an electronic position signal not being an electrode home signal until the occurrence of an electronic position signal being an electronic home signal.
  • said fourth means includes means for initiating and continuing rotation of said leadscrew upon the occurrence of an electronic Not-rotation signal and and an electronic position signal not being an electronic home signal until the occurrence of an electronic position signal being an electronic home signal.
  • a system for performing a carrier return operation in typewriters, printers, and similar apparatuses having a leadscrew controlling a carrier comprising:
  • a system according to claim 5 wherein said means for initiating rotation of said leadscrew includes means for inputting a space count.
  • a system according to claim 5 further including means for determining forward escapement of said carrier.
  • a system according to claim 5 further including means for continuing carrier escapement and leadscrew rotation for characters and functions input prior to generation of an electronic carrier return signal.
  • a system according to claim 6 further including means for comparing said space count with the number of said electronic position signals for determining when said carrier is to be returned.
  • a system according to claim 8 further including means for determining reverse rotation of the leadscrew.
  • a system according to claim 5 further including means for causing said leadscrew to rotate to a home rotational position for said combinations of electronic signals (C) and (D).

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  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
US00191679A 1971-10-22 1971-10-22 System for performing carrier return operation Expired - Lifetime US3779359A (en)

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US19167971A 1971-10-22 1971-10-22

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US (1) US3779359A (ja)
JP (1) JPS531017B2 (ja)
BE (1) BE789183A (ja)
BR (1) BR7201900D0 (ja)
CA (1) CA969498A (ja)
CH (1) CH541432A (ja)
FR (1) FR2157329A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1368867A (ja)
IT (1) IT967607B (ja)
SE (1) SE380207B (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030588A (en) * 1972-06-19 1977-06-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Printer
US4101224A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-07-18 International Business Machines Corporation Escapement mechanism for typewriters
US4195938A (en) * 1977-02-09 1980-04-01 Sycor, Inc. Lateral position control means for data printer heads
US4311399A (en) * 1977-02-09 1982-01-19 Sycor, Inc. Method and apparatus for setting and varying margins and line spacing on data printers

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2233092A (en) * 1938-05-17 1941-02-25 Harry H Bernhard Spacing control for typewriter characters
US2663399A (en) * 1952-03-15 1953-12-22 Frey Erik Proportional spacing apparatus
US2886160A (en) * 1956-06-13 1959-05-12 Frey Erik Carriage moving apparatus for typewriters
US2902133A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-09-01 Ibm Typewriter carriage return and indexing mechanism
US3262105A (en) * 1961-01-03 1966-07-19 Hughes Aircraft Co Condition responsive electrical system
US3346088A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-10-10 Ibm Carrier mechanism for proportional escapement typewriter
US3403386A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-09-24 Burroughs Corp Format control
US3406625A (en) * 1966-02-18 1968-10-22 Friden Inc Driving means for high-speed printing apparatus
US3512132A (en) * 1967-03-14 1970-05-12 Ibm Composing apparatus with table lookup mode
US3588119A (en) * 1968-01-19 1971-06-28 Ibm Dictating and transcribing apparatus with rapid transcriber alignment and movement facilities
US3647041A (en) * 1970-06-30 1972-03-07 Ibm System for determining line measure

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2233092A (en) * 1938-05-17 1941-02-25 Harry H Bernhard Spacing control for typewriter characters
US2663399A (en) * 1952-03-15 1953-12-22 Frey Erik Proportional spacing apparatus
US2886160A (en) * 1956-06-13 1959-05-12 Frey Erik Carriage moving apparatus for typewriters
US2902133A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-09-01 Ibm Typewriter carriage return and indexing mechanism
US3262105A (en) * 1961-01-03 1966-07-19 Hughes Aircraft Co Condition responsive electrical system
US3346088A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-10-10 Ibm Carrier mechanism for proportional escapement typewriter
US3403386A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-09-24 Burroughs Corp Format control
US3406625A (en) * 1966-02-18 1968-10-22 Friden Inc Driving means for high-speed printing apparatus
US3512132A (en) * 1967-03-14 1970-05-12 Ibm Composing apparatus with table lookup mode
US3588119A (en) * 1968-01-19 1971-06-28 Ibm Dictating and transcribing apparatus with rapid transcriber alignment and movement facilities
US3647041A (en) * 1970-06-30 1972-03-07 Ibm System for determining line measure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Printer with High Speed Space Control , H. C. Tanner, Vol. 12, No. 12, May 1970, pp. 2260 2261. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030588A (en) * 1972-06-19 1977-06-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Printer
US4195938A (en) * 1977-02-09 1980-04-01 Sycor, Inc. Lateral position control means for data printer heads
US4311399A (en) * 1977-02-09 1982-01-19 Sycor, Inc. Method and apparatus for setting and varying margins and line spacing on data printers
US4101224A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-07-18 International Business Machines Corporation Escapement mechanism for typewriters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2251288B2 (de) 1976-12-09
CA969498A (en) 1975-06-17
BR7201900D0 (pt) 1973-09-20
DE2251288A1 (de) 1973-04-26
BE789183A (fr) 1973-01-15
JPS4850813A (ja) 1973-07-17
FR2157329A5 (ja) 1973-06-01
IT967607B (it) 1974-03-11
SE380207B (sv) 1975-11-03
JPS531017B2 (ja) 1978-01-13
GB1368867A (en) 1974-10-02
CH541432A (de) 1973-09-15
AU4759772A (en) 1974-04-26

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