US3786306A - Plasma curtain of two or more plasmas - Google Patents

Plasma curtain of two or more plasmas Download PDF

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Publication number
US3786306A
US3786306A US00226842A US3786306DA US3786306A US 3786306 A US3786306 A US 3786306A US 00226842 A US00226842 A US 00226842A US 3786306D A US3786306D A US 3786306DA US 3786306 A US3786306 A US 3786306A
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Prior art keywords
plasma
plasmas
elongated
nozzle
cathodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00226842A
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English (en)
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H Schoumaker
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LA SOUDURE ELECTRIQUE PROCEDES ARCOS BE
SOUDURE ELECTR PROCEDES ARCOS
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SOUDURE ELECTR PROCEDES ARCOS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/44—Plasma torches using an arc using more than one torch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

Definitions

  • the curtain of plasma may deposit material on the m side or the outside or both of a tube.
  • the chamber References Cited from which the plasma curtain issues may be supported on a roller carriage.
  • the single chamber may UNITED STATES PATENTS also be rotated around an axis.
  • the 3.403111 9/1968 Foex 219/121 P X chambers are held by links on the outside of a roller 3.406306 10/1968 Maniero ct a1. 313/231 X or h lik 3,660,630 5/1972 Sunnen et al..'.
  • the process could be improved by equipment in which the cathode is shaped like a broad knife while the anode is matching in linear shape of the knife.
  • the plasma flame is supposed to have the same width as the anode.
  • the arc struck between these twoelectrodes is concentrated at only two points of preferred impingement, one on the cathode and the other on the anode, so that the expected result cannot be achieved.
  • One means has been discovered to solve this problem. It consists in moving the anodic and cathodic impingment spots along the width of the electrodes at suitable frequencies by mechanical, electrical or magnetic means. Despite encouraging results obtained by this solution, the latter does not appear to have a great future because the attempt is costly and cumbersome.
  • two plasma jets facing one another at opposite ends of a chamber produce two plasmas which join. These combined plasmas are pushed along sideways through at least one elongated nozzle by the pressure of the plasmagenic gas producing a flame projected outwardly which nozzle is shaped as one or more blades, which may be parallel, divergent or convergent.
  • the space in which the plasma is formed is surrounded by a cooling jacket.
  • the torches themselves may be actuated by a single source of direct current or may have superimposed on the plasma direct or alternating current to further heat the plasma (Sunnen, U.S. Pat. No. 3,205,338, granted Sep. 7, 1965 for EQUIPMENT FOR FORMING HIGH TEMPERA- TURE PLASMAS and Sunnen, U.S. Pat. No. 3,248,513, granted Apr. 26, 1966 for EQUIPMENT FOR FORMING HIGH TEMPERATURE PLAS- MAS).
  • the containers may be contained within a common cooling jacket for all of the containers.
  • all of the containers may be mounted on a cooling carriage.
  • the containers may also be separated and articulated by hinges connected as for chain links.
  • a single container may provide plasma curtains which issue through several slots, the container being rotated to distribute the curtains outwardly.
  • the plasma curtains may be applied on the inside and outside of a thin walled tube or tubular container to overlay it internally and/or externally.
  • the process of the invention overcomes the difficulties encountered in these prior methods, and it also has the advantage of being simpler. It consists in producing one or more plasma flames by the use of at least one pair of jets which meet along one alignment or several parallel alignments so that the twin arcs obtained are pushed laterally by the pressure of the plasmagenic gases across at least one elongated nozzle, from which one or more blades of plasma flame emerge.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal schematic axial crosssection of the device of the invention showing the simplest form.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic axial section similar to FIG. 1, showing one 'of the units of a group with modifications.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial schematic axial section, oriented in horizontal top plan of a further embodiment of the invention in which the containers are mounted on a carriage.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a vertical end elevation of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial top plan view of FIG. 7, showing the end construction.
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical end elevation partially in crosssection of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Electric conductors 9 and 9 and 10 and 10' connect the torches to the power source, and variable resistors 18 and 18 are inserted in conductors 9 and 9. It goes without saying that several individual sources may be used instead of a common source to energize the pilot arcs of the torches.
  • the access of the cooling fluid into the jacket 2 is obtained by inlets 6 and 6' and an outlet 7.
  • a frame 16 underneath acts as a support.
  • the arcs are struck and since the plasma torches face one another, the arcs meet in the chamber, forming a common arc 11.
  • the common are 11 is expelled sideways with respect to the major axis of the container through slot 3, shaping itself as a continuous blade 12.
  • the device illustrated in FIG. 4 differs from that described in FIGS. 1 and 2 in that a source 13 is connected to terminals 14 and 14 by conductors l and 15'. This superimposes an arc heating current supplied by an AC or DC power source on the plasma curtain.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view suitably in plan section of equipment in which several plasma curtains are produced in several containers simultaneously. It consists of a single housing 17 containing several identical containers side by side with their major axis parallel and each container being constructed according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or FIG. 4.
  • the cooling jacket 2 and the electrical circuits 9, l0 and 15 are common to all of the units and are connected by multiple conductors 9 9 10, l5, in parallel.
  • Switches 20,, 20 20 20 allow some units to be disconnected at will.
  • Adjustable resistors 18 18 l8, are inserted in the conductors 9 9 9 It will be seen that each of these containers has its slot directed in the same direction, and each slot is parallel to each other slot in this embodiment.
  • the carriage which can be like FIG. 5 is supported on four caster wheels or rollers 21 which roll on tracks 22 and 23 to guide the carriage along the plate or other substrate.
  • the maximum area S which can be treated in one operation is expressed by the length I of one slot multiplied by the total span of the slots plus one spacing d between two consecutive slots.
  • the distance of a leading slot to the lagging slot is D:
  • the units are articulated to each other by hinges 24 to form a chain having large links.
  • the hinges have extended shafts 25 carrying freely wheels 26 bearing upon the surface of the mill roll 27 and rotating around it.
  • the number of units is such that the development of the chain is greater than 1r D/2 while the end links are connected by turn-buckles 29 to the shaft extensions 28 and 28 to tighten all of the wheels 26 so that they engage the outside of the work as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the equipment shown in FIG. 9 is designed to treat the inside surface of a tube or conduit 27. It consists in a flame container as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 except that several slots are provided radially around the circumference, preferably distributed uniformly instead of a single slot. These slots are identified by 3, and 3 3,.
  • the tube which is the work is supported on rollers 33 of a rotary positioner 34 while the plasma container 35 is mounted coaxially of the tube upon pivot cups 37 suspending it by axial trunnions 36 on posts 38 at the opposite ends of the positioner, the posts being adjustable by jacks as shown.
  • One of the rolls 33 which rotates the work 27 is driven by a motor and speed reducer not shown at a suitable speed.
  • the treatment operation begins by starting the motor and speed reducer and starting simultaneously the plasma torches engaging the clutch on the speed reducer. After l/n turn has been rotated, the entire surface of the tube has been treated and the motor and speed reducer are stopped unless it is proposed to apply more than one overlay layer.
  • simultaneous surface treatment is required on both the inside and the outside of the tube, it is required, for economy, to use simultaneously the equipment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 on the one hand and FIG. 9 on the other hand, provided the number of units of the type of FIGS. 7 and 8 is adequate for the area treated.
  • One or the other of these equipments can be used to produce heavy wall tubes starting by overlaying thin wall tubes.
  • the shape of the flame or curtain of plasma can be modified at will by acting on the flame by a magnetic field reacting upon the ionized gas according to the L0- rentz laws.
  • the process per the invention may still be used advantageously as a process of de-pollution, disinfection or de-bacterization of moving air or water, for example.
  • the secondary gas propelled through the plasma is oxygen which is transformed in the plasma to ozone.
  • the de-bacterizing effect results from the combined action of this ozone with ultraviolet radiation also produced by the plasma.
  • a process of producing at least two plasmas which comprises projecting opposed plasmas into a closed space to meet in the space and from a common arc, and expelling the combined plasmas from the closed space sideways with respect to their original direction under the pressure of a plasmagenic gas through at least one nozzle elongated in the sideways direction and thus producing a flame projecting outward through the elongated nozzle as at least one blade of a continuous plasma jet.
  • a device for producing at least two plasmas which comprises a closed container, a cooling jacket around the container, the closed container having an elongated nozzle therein and having opposite apertures therein and in which the nozzle is located in sideways position, opposed plasma torches inserted in the opposite apertures facing each other, said torches having anodes and cathodes, means for connecting the anodes and cathodes to a source of direct current, and means for projecting plasmagenic gas through the plasma torches.
  • a device for producing at least two plasmas which comprises a plurality of closed containers each provided with an elongated nozzle and with two opposite apertures therein and in which the nozzle is located in sideways position, plasma torches inserted in the opposite apertures facing each other and having anodes and cathodes, a common source of direct current for energizing each plasma torch, means for projecting plasmagenic gas through each plasma torch, the containers being arranged parallel to each other, a common cooling jacket surrounding the containers and a rolling carriage mounting the containers.
  • a device for producing at least two plasmas consisting of a plurality of containers each provided with an elongated nozzle and with two opposite apertures therein and in which the nozzle is located in sideways position, a cooling jacket for each container, opposed plasma torches inserted in the apertures of each container facing one another, said torches having anodes and cathodes, means for connecting the anodes and cathodes to a common source of electric power, means for projecting plasmagenic gas through the plasma torches, and a rolling carriage mounting each of the containers with the elgonated nozzles parallel to one another.
  • a device for producing at least two plasmas comprising a plurality of containers each provided with an elongated nozzle and with two opposite orifices therein and in which the nozzle is disposed in a sideways direction, a cooling jacket for each container, plasma torches inserted in each orificefacing one another, the plasma torches having anodes and cathodes, means for connecting the anodes and cathodes to a source of direct current, means for passing plasmagenic gas through the plasma torches, links connecting the containers forming a chain and hinges integrating the links together.
  • a device for producing at least two plasmas comprising a chamber provided with a plurality of elongated nozzles from the chamber oriented in a sideways direction and with opposite apertures therein at the ends thereof, a cooling jacket for the chamber, plasma jets inserted into the apertures facing one another and having anodes and cathodes, means for connecting the anodes and the cathodes to a source of direct current, means for projecting plasmagenic gas through the plasma torches, and means for rotating the chamber about an axis disposed between the opposite apertures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
US00226842A 1971-03-03 1972-02-16 Plasma curtain of two or more plasmas Expired - Lifetime US3786306A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE100431 1971-03-03

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US00364882A Expired - Lifetime US3796591A (en) 1971-03-03 1973-05-29 Method of generating and coating with an elongated plasma curtain

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BE (1) BE763709A (fr)
FR (1) FR2128335A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5489820A (en) * 1992-02-18 1996-02-06 Overseas Publishers Association Method of control of plasma stream and plasma apparatus
WO1997018693A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Ist Instant Surface Technology S.A. Generateur de flux de plasma d'arc de configuration fermee
EP0851720A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-01 Sulzer Metco AG Plasmatron à arc non transféré
WO1999046964A1 (fr) * 1998-03-10 1999-09-16 Ist Instant Surface Technology S.A. Procede de traitement de surface d'un materiau ou d'un objet et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US6423923B1 (en) 2000-08-04 2002-07-23 Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. Monitoring and controlling separate plasma jets to achieve desired properties in a combined stream
US6492613B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2002-12-10 Jetek, Inc. System for precision control of the position of an atmospheric plasma
US20040096581A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-05-20 Yoichiro Yashiro Plasma processing method and apparatus
EP1194018A3 (fr) * 2000-09-29 2004-06-23 Koike Sanso Kogyo Co., Ltd Dispositif de déplacement d'un plasma entre torches
WO2002091809A3 (fr) * 2001-05-03 2004-12-23 Apit Corp S A Procede et dispositif de generation d'un rideau de gaz active pour traitement de surface

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3925177A (en) * 1973-01-30 1975-12-09 Boeing Co Method and apparatus for heating solid and liquid particulate material to vaporize or disassociate the material
FR2674450B1 (fr) * 1991-03-26 1994-01-21 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Procede pour deposer un revetement sur un substrat par projection au plasma, et dispositif pour la mise en óoeuvre du procede.
EP2431995A1 (fr) * 2010-09-17 2012-03-21 Asociacion de la Industria Navarra (AIN) Dispositif d'ionisation
WO2015155325A1 (fr) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-15 Oce-Technologies B.V. Dispositif de génération de plasma

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3403211A (en) * 1965-03-31 1968-09-24 Centre Nat Rech Scient Methods and devices for heating substances
US3406306A (en) * 1966-01-26 1968-10-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Center discharge arc heater apparatus
US3660630A (en) * 1969-03-31 1972-05-02 Soudure Electr High temperature heating

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3403211A (en) * 1965-03-31 1968-09-24 Centre Nat Rech Scient Methods and devices for heating substances
US3406306A (en) * 1966-01-26 1968-10-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Center discharge arc heater apparatus
US3660630A (en) * 1969-03-31 1972-05-02 Soudure Electr High temperature heating

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5489820A (en) * 1992-02-18 1996-02-06 Overseas Publishers Association Method of control of plasma stream and plasma apparatus
WO1997018693A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Ist Instant Surface Technology S.A. Generateur de flux de plasma d'arc de configuration fermee
EP0851720A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-01 Sulzer Metco AG Plasmatron à arc non transféré
US6423924B1 (en) 1998-03-10 2002-07-23 Tepla Ag Method for treating the surface of a material or an object and implementing device
WO1999046964A1 (fr) * 1998-03-10 1999-09-16 Ist Instant Surface Technology S.A. Procede de traitement de surface d'un materiau ou d'un objet et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US6492613B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2002-12-10 Jetek, Inc. System for precision control of the position of an atmospheric plasma
US6423923B1 (en) 2000-08-04 2002-07-23 Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. Monitoring and controlling separate plasma jets to achieve desired properties in a combined stream
US6541729B2 (en) 2000-08-04 2003-04-01 Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. Monitoring and controlling separate plasma jets to achieve desired properties in a combined stream
EP1194018A3 (fr) * 2000-09-29 2004-06-23 Koike Sanso Kogyo Co., Ltd Dispositif de déplacement d'un plasma entre torches
WO2002091809A3 (fr) * 2001-05-03 2004-12-23 Apit Corp S A Procede et dispositif de generation d'un rideau de gaz active pour traitement de surface
US7214413B2 (en) 2001-05-03 2007-05-08 Apit Corp. S.A. Method and device for generating an activated gas curtain for surface treatment
US20040096581A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-05-20 Yoichiro Yashiro Plasma processing method and apparatus
US7157659B2 (en) * 2002-08-26 2007-01-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Plasma processing method and apparatus
US7604849B2 (en) 2002-08-26 2009-10-20 Panasonic Corporation Plasma processing method and apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
BE763709A (fr) 1971-08-02
FR2128335A1 (fr) 1972-10-20
US3796591A (en) 1974-03-12

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