US3793207A - Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid - Google Patents
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid Download PDFInfo
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- US3793207A US3793207A US00196209A US3793207DA US3793207A US 3793207 A US3793207 A US 3793207A US 00196209 A US00196209 A US 00196209A US 3793207D A US3793207D A US 3793207DA US 3793207 A US3793207 A US 3793207A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- hydraulic fluid
- resistant hydraulic
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- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- -1 carboxylate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) silicate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)CO[Si](OCC(CC)CCCC)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CJFLBOQMPJCWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(6-methylheptyl) hexanedioate Chemical group CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C CJFLBOQMPJCWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDDUZADOOBXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(tetradecyl)benzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCCCCCCC URDDUZADOOBXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PODLNLIJRFYBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(tridecyl)benzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCCCCCC PODLNLIJRFYBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGSQGCNWODBPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbutoxy(silyloxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)C(CO[SiH2]O[SiH3])CC DGSQGCNWODBPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000212384 Bifora Species 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDQZFVDUJRXKNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexoxy(trihydroxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCO[Si](O)(O)O LDQZFVDUJRXKNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Nonyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWICDTXLJDCAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydroxy(propan-2-yloxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](O)(O)O IWICDTXLJDCAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/042—Epoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids having improved low temperature characteristics consist mainly of a mixture of a synthetic hydrocarbon, a dialkyl carboxylate ester and an orthosilicate.
- a hydraulic fluid should be fire-resistant; it should not adversely affect the materials of construction of the system in which it is used; it must possess adequate lubricity and mechanical stability; it must be chemically stable; it must possess good low temperature properties such as viscosity, pour point and cloud point; and, finally, it must be low foaming.
- Aryl and alkyl phosphates are widely used in fireresistant hydraulic fluids to provide both flame resistance and lubricity.
- Petroleum-base oils though good lubricants and economically desirable, are not often used in high proportions in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids because of their flammability.
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons are often used as good flame retardants for petroleum-base oils.
- a typical fire-resistant hydraulic fluid would be a phosphate ester, a chlorinated hydrocarbon or a mixture of these with or without a minor amount of mineral oil.
- a fire-resistant functional fluid can be prepared from a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, 20-30 percent by weight of an ester of a dicarboxylic acid and -1 5 percent of an alkyl silicate, with small percentages of other functional additives.
- Such functional additives include antiwear agents, such as tricresyl phosphate, antioxidants such as dialkyl paracresol, hydrolysis suppressants such as cycloaliphatic epoxides, and antifoamants.
- the synthetic hydrocarbon oil of the present invention comprises substantially a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity of from 8,500 to 10,000 cs at 40F., 25-35 cs at 100F., and 4-8 cs at 210F.
- the preferred ester of a dicarboxylic acid is a dialkyl adipate ester of a C C alcohol.
- This fluid is hydrolytically stable, has excellent low temperature properties such as viscosity, pour point and cloud point, and has a high flash point, fire point, and autogenous ignition temperature.
- hydrocarbon oils suitable for purposes of the present invention comprises hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons which are alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl hydrocarbons. Individual hydrocarbons will contain from about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms and be chosen from the classes of aromatic, alkyl aromatic, alkane, alkene, paraffinic and naphthenic molecules.
- the hydrocarbon oil is present in the hydraulic fluid composition to the extent of 30-80 percent by weight of the total composition.
- An important characteristic of the hydrocarbon oil is its viscosity, especially at low temperatures. The viscosity should range from 8,000 to 10,000 cs at 40F., to 40 cs at 100F., and 2-10 cs at 212F.
- a preferred oil is substantially a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon such as di(tridecyl)benzene, tridecyl-(tetradecyl)benzne, di(tetradecyl)benzene, or mixtures of same.
- the hydrocarbon oil may be a dewaxed mineral oil, or preferably a synthetic hydrocarbon oil.
- a synthetic hydrocarbon oil is preferred over a mineral oil because of its lower pour point.
- the most stable mineral oils are parafi'mic in nature and characterized by their high pour points. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which the oil is observed to flow when cooled and examined under prescribed conditions, ASTM D 97-66.
- ASTM D 97-66 ASTM D 97-66
- the second important component of the hydraulic fluid is an ester of a C -C dicarboxylic acid, i.e., a dialkyl carboxylate.
- Such acids include oxalic, succinic, malonic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azeleic acid, and substituted acids of the same names.
- the alcoholic portion of the ester is derived from a C C, aliphatic alcohol such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, hectyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and undecyl alcohol.
- butyl alcohol includes isobutyl alcohol.
- a dialkyl ester of adipic acid is preferred. The ester will usually be present in 10-40 percent by weight and preferably 15-35 percent by weight.
- the third important component of the hydraulic fluid is an alkyl silicate ester of the general formulae SIOR O R R R x R wherein R (where i l-8) is an alkyl group of from 3-12 carbon atoms and preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms, and x has the value of 0 or 1.
- R (where i l-8) is an alkyl group of from 3-12 carbon atoms and preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms, and x has the value of 0 or 1.
- the alkylsilicates include isopropyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, hexyl orthosilicate, 2-ethyl hexyl orthosilicate, 2-ethylbutoxy disiloxane, 3-propyl heptyl orthosilicate, and Z-methyl hexyl orthosilicate.
- the alkylsilicate esters will usually be present in 2-25 percent by weight and preferably 5-20 percent by weight.
- the hydrocarbon oil, dicarboxylate ester and alkylsilicate ester form the fire-resistant base stock of the present hydraulic fluid.
- Specific additives are combined with this base stock to impart particular proper ties.
- antiwear agents, antioxidants, hydrolysis suppressants, rust inhibitors, antifoamants, and additional viscosity index improvers may be added in small percentages.
- a triaryl phosphate, and preferably tricresyl phosphate is present in the amount of 0.5-3 percent by weight, as is a dialkyl paracresol, such as dipropyl paracresol, dibutyl paracresol, or dihexyl paracresol.
- the hydrolytic stability of the composition is excellent. It undergoes little change in acid number, viscosity, or flash point when subjected to 275F. for one week even in the presence of added water.
- base fluid formulations which are in accord with this invention. They are given by way of illustration and not by limitation.
- the ingredients are known and commercially available chemicals.
- the fluids are prepared by simply mixing together the components of Table I with small amounts (0.5 percent or less) of specific additives discussed hereinbefore, such as antifoamant and hydrolysis suppressant, at l40l 50F.
- Flash point "F ASTM D 92 400 minimum 420 Fire Point, F ASTM D 92, 475 minimum 475 Acid No., mg KOH/g ASTM D 974 0.10 maximum 0.01
- Hydraulic Fluid B of Table I This specification describes a hydraulic fluid which is fire-resistant and has a synthetic hydrocarbon base. Hydraulic Fluid B of Table I.
- Hydraulic Fluid 8 of Table 1 In this test, ml offluid, 0.15 percent by weight of H 0 and 5 metal specimens are sealed in a 250 ml jar under air. The jar is rotated end over end at 5 rpm for 1 week at 275F.
- a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid comprising a base stock consisting essentially of;
- R being an integer of from 1-8, are alkyl groups of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and x has the value of or I.
- hydrocarbon oil is a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oil, wherein the alkyl contains 12-14 carbon atoms.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids having improved low temperature characteristics, e.g., viscosity, pour point, and cloud point, consist mainly of a mixture of a synthetic hydrocarbon, a dialkyl carboxylate ester and an orthosilicate.
Description
United States Patent [1 1 Burrous Feb. 19, 1974 FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUID [75] Inventor: Merwyn L. Burrous, El Cerrito,
Calif.
[22] Filed: Nov. 5, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 196,209
[52] US. Cl. 252/78, 252/49.6 [51] Int. Cl C09k 3/02 [58] Field of Search 252/78, 75, 49.6, 73
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,550,760 5/1951 Bishop 252/79 2,691,633 10/1954 Benoit 252/49.6 2,960,474 11/1960 Furby et al. 252/78 3,296,138 1/1967 Cupper et al... 252/78 X 3,478,113 11/1969 Bray et a1. 252/73 X 3,513,097 5/1970 Langenfeld 252/78 3,538,001 11/1970 Gothel et al. 252/78 X 3,637,507 1/1972 Gentit 252/78 2,509,620 5/1950 Watson et a1 252/78 2,746,926 5/1956 Barry 252/78 3,074,889 1/1963 252/78 3,657,128 4/1972 Street 252/78 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Synthetic Lubricant Fluids from Branched Chain Diesters, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 39 (1947) pp. 484, 489.
Primary Examiner-Richard D. Lovering Attorney, Agent, or FirmJ. A. Buchanan, Jr.
[5 7 ABSTRACT Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids having improved low temperature characteristics, e.g., viscosity, pour point, and cloud point, consist mainly of a mixture of a synthetic hydrocarbon, a dialkyl carboxylate ester and an orthosilicate.
7 Claims, No Drawings FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUID BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention A hydraulic fluid should be fire-resistant; it should not adversely affect the materials of construction of the system in which it is used; it must possess adequate lubricity and mechanical stability; it must be chemically stable; it must possess good low temperature properties such as viscosity, pour point and cloud point; and, finally, it must be low foaming. These characteristics have been summarized in specification MIL-I-I-83282.
2. Description of the Prior Art Aryl and alkyl phosphates are widely used in fireresistant hydraulic fluids to provide both flame resistance and lubricity. Petroleum-base oils, though good lubricants and economically desirable, are not often used in high proportions in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids because of their flammability. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are often used as good flame retardants for petroleum-base oils. A typical fire-resistant hydraulic fluid would be a phosphate ester, a chlorinated hydrocarbon or a mixture of these with or without a minor amount of mineral oil.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION We have discovered that a fire-resistant functional fluid can be prepared from a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, 20-30 percent by weight of an ester of a dicarboxylic acid and -1 5 percent of an alkyl silicate, with small percentages of other functional additives. Such functional additives include antiwear agents, such as tricresyl phosphate, antioxidants such as dialkyl paracresol, hydrolysis suppressants such as cycloaliphatic epoxides, and antifoamants.
The synthetic hydrocarbon oil of the present invention comprises substantially a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity of from 8,500 to 10,000 cs at 40F., 25-35 cs at 100F., and 4-8 cs at 210F. The preferred ester of a dicarboxylic acid is a dialkyl adipate ester of a C C alcohol. This fluid is hydrolytically stable, has excellent low temperature properties such as viscosity, pour point and cloud point, and has a high flash point, fire point, and autogenous ignition temperature.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The hydrocarbon oils suitable for purposes of the present invention comprises hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons which are alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl hydrocarbons. Individual hydrocarbons will contain from about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms and be chosen from the classes of aromatic, alkyl aromatic, alkane, alkene, paraffinic and naphthenic molecules. The hydrocarbon oil is present in the hydraulic fluid composition to the extent of 30-80 percent by weight of the total composition. An important characteristic of the hydrocarbon oil is its viscosity, especially at low temperatures. The viscosity should range from 8,000 to 10,000 cs at 40F., to 40 cs at 100F., and 2-10 cs at 212F. A preferred oil is substantially a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon such as di(tridecyl)benzene, tridecyl-(tetradecyl)benzne, di(tetradecyl)benzene, or mixtures of same. The hydrocarbon oil may be a dewaxed mineral oil, or preferably a synthetic hydrocarbon oil. A synthetic hydrocarbon oil is preferred over a mineral oil because of its lower pour point. The most stable mineral oils are parafi'mic in nature and characterized by their high pour points. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which the oil is observed to flow when cooled and examined under prescribed conditions, ASTM D 97-66. However, in choosing a synthetic hydrocarbon oil for its pour point, the viscosity of the oil, its flammability, and other properties, must be balanced by the discovery of additional components to form the base fluid meeting the severe specifications of the present invention.
The second important component of the hydraulic fluid is an ester of a C -C dicarboxylic acid, i.e., a dialkyl carboxylate. Such acids include oxalic, succinic, malonic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azeleic acid, and substituted acids of the same names. The alcoholic portion of the ester is derived from a C C, aliphatic alcohol such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, hectyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and undecyl alcohol. These terms include all geometrical isomers, e.g., the term butyl alcohol includes isobutyl alcohol. For best over-all performance in low temperature viscosity, rubber swell, cost, stability and flash point, a dialkyl ester of adipic acid is preferred. The ester will usually be present in 10-40 percent by weight and preferably 15-35 percent by weight.
The third important component of the hydraulic fluid is an alkyl silicate ester of the general formulae SIOR O R R R x R wherein R (where i l-8) is an alkyl group of from 3-12 carbon atoms and preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms, and x has the value of 0 or 1. Examples of the alkylsilicates include isopropyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, hexyl orthosilicate, 2-ethyl hexyl orthosilicate, 2-ethylbutoxy disiloxane, 3-propyl heptyl orthosilicate, and Z-methyl hexyl orthosilicate. The alkylsilicate esters will usually be present in 2-25 percent by weight and preferably 5-20 percent by weight.
The hydrocarbon oil, dicarboxylate ester and alkylsilicate ester form the fire-resistant base stock of the present hydraulic fluid. Specific additives are combined with this base stock to impart particular proper ties. For example, antiwear agents, antioxidants, hydrolysis suppressants, rust inhibitors, antifoamants, and additional viscosity index improvers may be added in small percentages. Specifically, a triaryl phosphate, and preferably tricresyl phosphate is present in the amount of 0.5-3 percent by weight, as is a dialkyl paracresol, such as dipropyl paracresol, dibutyl paracresol, or dihexyl paracresol. A very small amount (0.05-0.5 weight percent) of a diepoxide as described in US application Ser. No. 865,471, filed Oct. 10, 1969 and now abandoned, is usually present as a hydrolysis suppressant. Usually an antifoamant will be present in percentages below 0.01 percent by weight.
The hydrolytic stability of the composition is excellent. It undergoes little change in acid number, viscosity, or flash point when subjected to 275F. for one week even in the presence of added water.
The following are typical examples of base fluid formulations which are in accord with this invention. They are given by way of illustration and not by limitation. The ingredients are known and commercially available chemicals. The fluids are prepared by simply mixing together the components of Table I with small amounts (0.5 percent or less) of specific additives discussed hereinbefore, such as antifoamant and hydrolysis suppressant, at l40l 50F.
The properties of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of Table l are summarized in Table 11. This fluid meets or exceeds MlL-H-83282 specifications in these categories; oxidation-corrosion inhibition, low temperature stability, lack of rubber swelling, low foaming tendency, water content below 100 ppm, lack of solid contamination, lubricity, resistance to flame propagation, and compatibility with other fluids TABLE II Property MlL-H-83282 Fluid Viscosity, cs
100F 16.5 minimum 17.0
210F 3.5 minimum 3.74
Flash point, "F ASTM D 92 400 minimum 420 Fire Point, F ASTM D 92, 475 minimum 475 Acid No., mg KOH/g ASTM D 974 0.10 maximum 0.01
Pour Point, F 65 maximum 80 Lubricity, 4-Ball Wear Test 40 kg, Scar diameter, mm 0.65 maximum 0.52, 0.53
This specification describes a hydraulic fluid which is fire-resistant and has a synthetic hydrocarbon base. Hydraulic Fluid B of Table I.
In addition, this fluid has been subjected to additional tests which are not within the scope of MIL-H-83282 specifications. These results are summarized in Table 111.
Shear Stability TABLE Ill-Continued Property Fluid Percent viscosity loss after 2 hours in sonic oscillator Oxidation Hours to absorb 1 liter of 0 ml of fluid at 340F 14.4
Hydrolytic Stability Percent change in viscosity 2.0 Final acid number 0.10
Metal weight change, mg/em Copper 0.02 Magnesium +0.06 Aluminum +0.00 Iron +0.08 Cadmium -0.01
Hydraulic Fluid 8 of Table 1. In this test, ml offluid, 0.15 percent by weight of H 0 and 5 metal specimens are sealed in a 250 ml jar under air. The jar is rotated end over end at 5 rpm for 1 week at 275F.
The fire resistance of the fluids of the present invention is demonstrated by the flash point and fire point of Table II and by the following test comparisons with a petroleum-base hydraulic fluid meeting Specification MIL-H-5606B (see Table IV).
TABLE IV Fluid B in Table l M1L-H-5606B Hydraulic Fluid,
Petroleum Base number of passes Flame Propagation No propagation after Propagation after 36 MlL-H-83282, Sec. 2 hours seconds 4.4.3.1.1
High Ignites with lgnites when any portion Temperature-High Pressure Spray Ignition, Fed. Std. 791-6052 difficulty. Does not of flame touches any continue to burn portion of stream. after source of Continues to burn ignition is removed. vigorously when ignition source is removed.
As will be evident to those skilled in the art, numerous modifications and variations of the invention illustrated above may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, or the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A fire-resistant hydraulic fluid comprising a base stock consisting essentially of;
30-80 percent by weight of a hydrocarbon oil having a maximum viscosity of 10,000 cs at 40F. and a minimum viscosity of 4 cs at 210F.,
15-35 percent by weight of a dialkyl carboxylate ester of a C -C alkanol and a C -C dicarboxylic acid, and
5-20 percent by weight of an alkyl silicate ester of the general formulae:
0 0 O O R 0SiOR or R OSi-O Si-O- SiOR a a Ra x R:
wherein the R, i being an integer of from 1-8, are alkyl groups of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and x has the value of or I.
2. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the hydrocarbon oil is a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oil, wherein the alkyl contains 12-14 carbon atoms.
3. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the alkyl of the alkyl silicate contains from 6-! 0 carbon atoms.
4. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the carboxylic acid is of the form HOOC(CH drolysis suppressant.
Claims (6)
- 2. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the hydrocarbon oil is a dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oil, wherein the alkyl contains 12-14 carbon atoms.
- 3. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the alkyl of the alkyl silicate contains from 6-10 carbon atoms.
- 4. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the carboxylic acid is of the form HOOC(CH2)xCOOH, where x 2 to 10.
- 5. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, in which the dialkyl carboxylate ester is diisooctyl adipate.
- 6. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 4, in which the alkyl silicate is 2-ethylhexyl orthosilicate.
- 7. The fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of claim 1, additionally containing 1-3 percent by weight of tricresyl phosphate, 0.5-2 percent by weight of dialkyl paracresol, and 0.05-0.5 percent by weight of a diepoxide hydrolysis suppressant.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19620971A | 1971-11-05 | 1971-11-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3793207A true US3793207A (en) | 1974-02-19 |
Family
ID=22724466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00196209A Expired - Lifetime US3793207A (en) | 1971-11-05 | 1971-11-05 | Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3793207A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4097393A (en) * | 1976-02-09 | 1978-06-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Silicone-hydrocarbon compositions |
| DE2714657A1 (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-08-03 | Dow Corning | HYDRAULIC FLUID |
| DE3015826A1 (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-10-30 | Olin Corp | FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS |
| US20080058232A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Tetraoxy-silane lubricating oil compositions |
| US20090286705A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-11-19 | Marc-Andre Poirier | Flame retardant lubricating oil compositions |
| US20100081588A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4097393A (en) * | 1976-02-09 | 1978-06-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Silicone-hydrocarbon compositions |
| DE2714657A1 (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-08-03 | Dow Corning | HYDRAULIC FLUID |
| DE3015826A1 (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-10-30 | Olin Corp | FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS |
| US20080058232A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Tetraoxy-silane lubricating oil compositions |
| EP1894988A3 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2010-07-28 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Tetraoxy-silane lubricating oil compositions |
| US8067346B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2011-11-29 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Tetraoxy-silane lubricating oil compositions |
| US20090286705A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-11-19 | Marc-Andre Poirier | Flame retardant lubricating oil compositions |
| US20100081588A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
| US8153566B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-04-10 | Cherron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating oil compositions |
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