US3809473A - Method of reproducing a relief image - Google Patents

Method of reproducing a relief image Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809473A
US3809473A US00317194A US31719472A US3809473A US 3809473 A US3809473 A US 3809473A US 00317194 A US00317194 A US 00317194A US 31719472 A US31719472 A US 31719472A US 3809473 A US3809473 A US 3809473A
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United States
Prior art keywords
image
relief
light
distance
relief image
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00317194A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Moraw
G Schadlich
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C9/00—Stereo-photographic or similar processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G16/00—Electrographic processes using deformation of thermoplastic layers; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to a method of producing a copy image of a transparent relief image on at least one thermoplastic layer which comprises passing light from a substantially point source through a layer containing the relief image, and obtaining the copy image in a plane located at a distance other than zero behind the relief image.
  • the invention relates to a method of reproducing, i.e., copying by projection and/or duplicating, a transparent relief image on at least one thermoplastic coating.
  • Relief images are obtained by various methods, usually photographic reproduction methods. Layers of photoresists can be so treated after developing that, depending upon the nature of the'coating, either, the exposed or the unexposed portions of the coating are removed. With the aid of dies, it is possible to impress imagesin deformable materials, particularly in thermoplastic films at high temperatures. Relief duplicates also can be made from relief images by the impression method whereby the relief image is coated with a hardenable film-forming composition which is later removed. v
  • Relief images produced by electrophotographic methods may consist of a carrier, made of a dielectric, and optionally transparent material such as 'a plastic substance or glass which may have a conductive coating of tin oxide, aluminum or the like, or a conductive material such as aluminum foil having a coating usually made of thermoplastic resin together with photoconductive substances which may be present in the form of separate layers.
  • the surface may 'be provided with a non-conducting coating which alters the light reflection.
  • This electrophotographic recording material is electrostatically charged under a corona discharge unit, exposed to produce the image and softened.
  • the object of the invention is, therefore, to provide 1 a method of reproducing relief images, and particularly relief images produced electrophotographically, which avoids the aforementioned high costs and complications and which enables copies of relief images to be obtained by projection and/or for the purpose of making duplicates.
  • the present invention provides a method for reproducing a transparent relief image on at least one thermoplastic coating in which parallel light or divergent or convergent light from a point of substantially point tion and good contrast when certain conditions regarding the distance between the relief image to be reproduced and the plane of the image are observed.
  • a distance is maintained that is large compared with the known duplicating processes used in connection with photographic reproduction wherein the original and the recording material are in contact. It has been found that the distance is roughly directly proportionalto the width of the relief line and can be determinedwith the aid of the annexed graph (FIG. 1).
  • the width (y) of the relief line and the distance (x) can be determined by the equation wherein x and y are in millimeters, m is between approximately 0.02 and 0.15, and b is between approximately zero and -0.02.
  • the distance is greater than when the relief lines are narrow.
  • the preferred distance between the relief image and the plane of the image that enables copies having maximum contrast and sharpness to be obtained is within the range extending from approximately 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • Reproductions of relief images can be obtained by projection onto screens.
  • copying material such as diazo films or vesicular films in the plane of the copy image.
  • Very considerable advantage results from the use of copying material that has a hard action and has a narrow exposure range in which the image builds up. In the photographic industry, this latter property is generally specified quantitatively by the gradation.
  • legible duplicates are obtained by using diazo films having gradation values of about 2. It has been found that contrast is considerably improved by the use of vesicular films which are therefore particularly suitable for the purpose of the present invention. These films have a softenable film-forming coating containing photosensitive substances which decompose when exposed to light-rays and form gaseous products, for example, aromatic diazo compounds, so that after developing, usually by thermal means, a high-contrast image formed by light scattering is obtained. Gradation values of between 2.6 and 4.8 are indicated for vesicular films having diazonium salts as the photosensitive compoitems, in the production of light-scattering images, these values being dependent to some extent upon the optics'of the reproduction equipment.
  • the relief images can be duplicated with parallel light while maintaining the same scale, as shown diagrammatically in the accompanying FIG. 2 wherein therelief-image 1, having. a striation width y, is shown as being reproduced in the plane 2 at a distance of .t'. It is, however, also possible to obtain an enlarged image in the image planeby using divergent light as obtained from 'a point orsubstantiallypoint source. It is also possible to produce a reduced image by usingconvergent light as obtained from a point source with a convergent lens.
  • all these images can be used for exposing a light-sensitive recording material, or they can be captured for direct viewing on a screen.
  • the image in the image plane is projected onto the screen by way of an opticalsystem to the rear of the image plane.
  • Various types of receiver's for example light-sensitive recording elements, for example television camerasor photoelectric cells, are suitable as screens.
  • point light sources are used for producing light having a controlled direction of propagation, such sources being, for example, gas-discharge lamps with short arcs or incandescent lamps comprising a small coil, and the light from these lamps may be reflected by way of a condensing unit.
  • the diameter of the light zonemust in each case be very much smaller than the distance between the relief image and the lamp.
  • the use of parallel light represents a special case for reproducing the lighted zone with the aid ofa condenser unit when the latter is located at adistance from the lighted zone that is precisely equal to the focal length.
  • Lasers are also suitable for the reproduction method of the invention, the laser beam advantageously being broadened.
  • the light source is a laser, only its characteristic of an extremely small angle of divergence is employed.
  • the phase coincidence occurring at the same time in the laser beam leads to undesirable diffraction phenomena at the edges of the image which, although not affecting resolution, do spoil the impression given by the image.
  • the plane in which a sharp copy'of the relief image is obtained is located at a certain finite distance from the relief image and it is not necessary to interpose an additional optical reproduction unit.
  • Conditions are more favorable for the reproduction of a relif original consisting only of letter type, for example, of a typewritten page recorded as a relief original to a different scale, or of computer output microfilm signals recorded in the form of electrophotographic relief images.
  • EXAMPLE -I One gram of copper phthalocyanine, for example Microlith Blau 4 GT, marketed by CIBA, Basle, Switzerland, 5 g of low-molecular weight poly-2- methylstyrene, for example 276 V 9, marketed by Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., and 10 g of polystyrene having an average molecular weight of appoximately 30,000, for example PS 3, marketed by Dow, were dis solved in 50 ml of CHCl The chloroform contained one spot of silicone oil per liter. Using this solution, a
  • the groups of lines on the relief image were measured off with the aid of a microscope.
  • a diazo film produced in the following manner was positioned at predetermined distances behind the film carrying the relief image:
  • a cellulose acetate film was coated with the following solution and then dired: 2.6 g of citric acid, 6.0 g of thiourea, 1.4 g of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic ac'id -(/3-hydroxyethyl)-arnide, 1.75 g of -3-hydroxy-'4- methylphenyl urea,- 1.2 ml of formic acid, 70 g of 4- diethylamino-benzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate, 38 ml of water, and 48 ml of isopropanol.
  • the diazo film was exposed for 60 seconds and developed with ammonia.
  • the groups of lines recorded on the diazo film and observed in the form of a positive image in which the unexposed zones of the film were darkened were detected with the aid of a microscope.
  • the relationships between the necessary distance (x) and the thickness (y) of the relif striation that were found are plotted in the annexed FIG. 1.
  • the distance range which should be adhered to for producing legible duplicates was-located between the curves marked A and B.
  • the values determined in accordance with thestated formula are:
  • the sharp reproduction of the relief image provided in the image plane for each width of striation can be projected by an optical system onto a screen, a legible image being obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The diazo film used in Example 1 was replaced by a vesicular film marketed by Kalvar, New Jersey, La., USA. The exposure time was 60 seconds. Developing was effected by laying the vesicular film for 3 seconds on a plate heated to about 100 C. This resulted in a negative light-scattering image, i.e., the exposed portions of the film were cloudy. When the light-scattering image was projected, a high-contrast and very legible image was obtained. I
  • EXAMPLE 3 A zinc plate was coated with the following solution in a centrifuge and dried for 6 minutes at C:
  • the zinc plate carrying the etched image was clamped, together with a colorless polyvinyl chloride film (100 1.1.), for 5 minutes in a vice having smooth jaws.
  • the vice had been previously warmed with hot air.
  • the impressed film was used in place of the electrophotographically produced relief image of Example 1. Sharp images were obtained at distances amounting to only about one-third of those used in Example 1.
  • the exposure time for the diazo film when duplicating the relief image in the polyvinyl chloride film was considerably shorter'than in Example 1 and amounted to only approximately 5 seconds.
  • a method of producing a copy image of a transparent electrophotographic deformation image having relieflines on at least one thermoplastic layer comprising passing light from a substantially point source through a layer containing said deformation image and onto said thermoplastic layer while simultaneously maintaining a predetermined distance x between said layer containing said deformation image and the plane of said thermoplastic layer, said distance x determined by the formula:
  • y is the width of said relief lines in mm
  • m is between about 0.02 and 0.15, x is said distance x in mm, and
  • b is between about 0 and minus 0.02, to obtain a copy image.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US00317194A 1971-12-24 1972-12-21 Method of reproducing a relief image Expired - Lifetime US3809473A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2164622A DE2164622C3 (de) 1971-12-24 1971-12-24 Verfahren zum Abbilden eines elektrofotografisch hergestellten, transparenten Reliefbildes

Publications (1)

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US3809473A true US3809473A (en) 1974-05-07

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US00317194A Expired - Lifetime US3809473A (en) 1971-12-24 1972-12-21 Method of reproducing a relief image

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US3809473A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5815772B2 (fr)
AT (1) AT344502B (fr)
AU (1) AU464791B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE793151A (fr)
CA (1) CA981086A (fr)
DE (1) DE2164622C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2164867B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1416329A (fr)
NL (1) NL7217011A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4147429A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-04-03 Microx Corporation Apparatus and process for photographically duplicating intelligence existing on photoplastic film
US4223062A (en) * 1978-11-15 1980-09-16 Bell & Howell Company Curl resistant photoplastic film
US20120183888A1 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Oliveira Sergio Assumpcao Photopolymer for volume holographic recording and its production process

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60183854U (ja) * 1985-04-25 1985-12-06 富士電機株式会社 透明物体の検査装置
JPH0227480U (fr) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-22

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1838312A (en) * 1929-12-09 1931-12-29 Clarence W Kanolt Method and apparatus for registering negatives with printing surfaces
US3207051A (en) * 1957-11-08 1965-09-21 Caps Limited Photographic type composing apparatus
US3321308A (en) * 1963-05-17 1967-05-23 Xerox Corp Xerographic induction recording
US3368471A (en) * 1964-04-29 1968-02-13 Carl J. Beato Method and apparatus for making three dimensional contact prints
US3653888A (en) * 1960-05-19 1972-04-04 Bell & Howell Co Thermoplastic recording

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3173985A (en) * 1961-06-22 1965-03-16 Clifford A Wendel Method of reflection for producing a pleasing image
BE632516A (fr) * 1962-06-14

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1838312A (en) * 1929-12-09 1931-12-29 Clarence W Kanolt Method and apparatus for registering negatives with printing surfaces
US3207051A (en) * 1957-11-08 1965-09-21 Caps Limited Photographic type composing apparatus
US3653888A (en) * 1960-05-19 1972-04-04 Bell & Howell Co Thermoplastic recording
US3321308A (en) * 1963-05-17 1967-05-23 Xerox Corp Xerographic induction recording
US3368471A (en) * 1964-04-29 1968-02-13 Carl J. Beato Method and apparatus for making three dimensional contact prints

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4147429A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-04-03 Microx Corporation Apparatus and process for photographically duplicating intelligence existing on photoplastic film
US4223062A (en) * 1978-11-15 1980-09-16 Bell & Howell Company Curl resistant photoplastic film
US20120183888A1 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Oliveira Sergio Assumpcao Photopolymer for volume holographic recording and its production process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7217011A (fr) 1973-06-26
DE2164622C3 (de) 1982-07-08
JPS4874218A (fr) 1973-10-06
JPS5815772B2 (ja) 1983-03-28
AT344502B (de) 1978-07-25
AU464791B2 (en) 1975-08-18
ATA1095072A (de) 1977-11-15
FR2164867A1 (fr) 1973-08-03
DE2164622B2 (de) 1977-06-30
AU5026072A (en) 1974-06-20
FR2164867B1 (fr) 1976-08-27
CA981086A (en) 1976-01-06
DE2164622A1 (de) 1973-06-28
GB1416329A (en) 1975-12-03
BE793151A (fr) 1973-06-21

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