US3814954A - Variable interval timer circuit - Google Patents
Variable interval timer circuit Download PDFInfo
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- US3814954A US3814954A US00255137A US25513772A US3814954A US 3814954 A US3814954 A US 3814954A US 00255137 A US00255137 A US 00255137A US 25513772 A US25513772 A US 25513772A US 3814954 A US3814954 A US 3814954A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- low
- train
- frequency pulses
- variable
- timing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
Definitions
- the present invention is embodied in and carried out by a circuit which is operative to provide an output signal for a predetermined, variable time period measured from the initiation of application of an input signal.
- the circuit embodying the present invention employs relatively small, non-electrolytic capacitors, thereby keeping component size and cost low and reliability high.
- the semiconductor devices employed in the timing portion of applicants circuit are normally in a saturated or cut-off condition during the timing operation, so that circuit functioning is not adversely affected by fluctuations in ambient temperature.
- the circuit incorporates a pulse generator which is operative to provide substantially rectangular output pulses of brief duration and having a relatively low frequency, e.g., approximately l hertzuln the pulse generator which is preferred in the present application, such pulses may be derived, as shown, from both the emitter of transistor 01 and the collector of transistor 02.
- the pulse trains derived at these two points in the pulse generator 10 are in' synchronization with one another. This pulse generator is part of the subject matter of the crossreferenced application.
- the pulse generator 10 When the circuit shown in the drawing is energized by a +10 volt source as indicated, the pulse generator 10 will continually generate the aforementioned synchronous pulse trains.
- the transistor switch formed by the complementary transistor pair 03-04 connected in the regenerative feedback configuration is maintained conductive by'sustaining current passing through resistance R8, diode D2 and the switch 03-04.
- Transistor 05 is normally non-conductive, since the bias voltage provided by voltage divider R5 and R6 is too low because R6 is connected in parallel with the conductive transistor switch 03-04. This same shunt path diverts the pulses fed to timing capacitance C4 through diode D1, leaving C4 uncharged.
- C2 and R4 operate as a frequency divider by halving the number of pulses which are produced by pulse generator I0, and reduces 'the amount of charge placed on C4 by each of those pulses.
- Thevoltage on C4 will subsequently rise at a relatively slow rate. Because the transistor switch 03-04 responds more predictably to sudden changes in voltage rather than a slow-rising voltage, it has been found to be advantageous to feed the synchronous pulse train derived at the emitter of transistor 01 through seriesconnected resistance R9 and capacitance C3 to the base of transistor 03. Thus, after each increment of charge has been added to capacitance C4 by the pulses passing through diode D1, thereby raising the voltage at the emitter of transistor 03, this increase is immediately followed by a sharp decrease in the voltage at the base of 03, thereby facilitating turn-on of the transistor switch 03-04 when C4 has become sufficiently charged.
- the controlled load circuit connected to the junction of resistances R5 and R6 may consist of a variety of circuits, including variations of the pulse generator 10 which is capable of operating as a flasher in automotive lighting circuits.
- the duration of the time period may be controlled in a number of ways, such as by varying resistance R4 or capacitance C4, or by varying the frequency of the pulse generator 10, or the width of its output pulses, or by eliminating the frequency divider circuit. Alternate methods of initiating the timing operation may be employed. For example, switch SW could be normally closed and connected in series with diode D2, or in either connection it could be replaced by a transistor which is controlled by an associated circuit.
- the circuit embodying the present invention may find numerous applications. For example, it could be'employed to actuate a warning signal for a predetermined period of time if a driver leaves his automobile with the keys in the ignition.
- variable-interval timer circuit comprising:
- pulse-generating means operative to produce, in
- timing means comprising:
- a timing capacitance connected to said pulse generating means to receive and store said first train of low-frequency pulses
- switching means normally operative to shunt said first train of low-frequency pulses from said timing capacitance, and to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses to facilitate turn-on of said switching means;
- control means coupled to said timing means and operative normally to prevent said timing capacitance from storing said first train of low-frequency pulses
- starting means coupled to said control means and operative upon actuation to enable said timing capacitance to store said first train of low-frequency pulses and, cooperatively with said control means, to produce an output signal for a predetermined period of time after actuation of said starting means.
- a variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is biased by both the voltage on said timing capacitance and said second train of low-frequency pulses produced by said pulsegenerating means.
- a variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 2 wherein said switching means is connected to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses from said pulse-generating means through a coupling circuit.
- a variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 3 wherein said coupling circuit comprises a resistance and a capacitance connected in series between said pulse-generating means and said switching means.
- a variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is maintained normally conductive by sustaining current provided by said control means.
- control means comprises:
- transistor means normally operative to provide said sustaining current to said switching means via a diode, said starting means being operative, when actuated, to prevent flow of said sustaining current to said switching means;
- bias circuit means connected to the input terminal of said transistor means, and normally partially shunted by said switching means.
- variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 6 wherein said starting means comprises a normally open switch connected across the output terminals of said transistor means.
- said bias circuit means comprises a voltage divider formed by a pair of resistances connected in series, and a resistance connected between the junction of said voltage divider resistances and the input terminal of said transistor means.
- a variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 8 wherein one voltage divider resistance is connected in parallel with said switching means.
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Abstract
A circuit employing relatively small capacitances to provide an output signal for a predetermined, variable time period measured from the closing of a control switch.
Description
Umted States Patent 1 1 1 1 3,814,954
Cake 1 June 4, 1974 54] VARIABLE INTERVAL TIMER CIRCUIT 3,105,!58 9/1963 Nichols 307/227 X 3, 1 -1 memo Arthur Cake, smnhwwm Long 3.15%.??? 35321 $1321? 39.367732; Island, N.Y- 3,171,041 2/1965 Haase 307/293 X 3,204,153 8/1965 Tygart 307/293 X [73] Ass'gnee' gig?" g Cmpmamn 3,351,781 l1/l967 Johnson .1 307/225 R Wan) 3,378,697 4/1968 Preston etal .1307/227 x [22] l M 19, 1972 3.378,698 4/1968 Kadah 307/227 X [21] App]. No.: 255,137 I Prtmury Exammer-Stanley D. Mlller, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm'Eyre, Mann & Lucas [521 US. Cl 307/293, 307/227, 307/246,
328/129, 328/186 [51] int. Cl. H03k 17/26 [57] ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search 307/225 R, 227, 293, 246;
v 328/39 186 129 A c1 rcu1t employmg relatwely small capacltanctts t0 provlde an output stgna] for a predetermmed, vanable [56] References Cited time period measured from the closing of a control UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.873.388 2/]959 Trumbo 307/227 X 9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure Hal D6 f/flVDC fit M HOVDC I" "1 /I I (am/mum 1 P/ [j 20/10 I (flea/a- 1 4 ('4 I I 1 l I l I 1 I I I 1 142 i l l I l l 1 VARIABLE INTERVAL TIMER CIRCUIT CROSS-REFERENC E TO RELATED APPLICATION The present invention advantageously incorporates a pulse generator of the type disclosed and claimed in copending US. Pat. application Ser. No. 255,155 for ELECTRONIC TIMING CIRCUITS filed on May 19, 1972 in the name of Paul A. Carlson.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Numerous prior art circuits have been devised to carry out the function of providing an output signal, which may be utilized for control purposes, for a predetermined, variable time period from the application of an input signal. The input signal may comprise a change in a voltage or current level, or the opening or closing of a switch. Typically, when long time periods on the order of several minutes are desired, such prior art circuits would employ very large capacitors in an RC charging or discharging circuit. Such capacitors-are expensive, bulky and usually exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to variations in ambient temperatures. In addition, many prior art circuits employ semiconductor devices which are variably conductive during the timing operation, thereby making the circuit unstable due to variations in leakage currents and other temperature-dependent characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is embodied in and carried out by a circuit which is operative to provide an output signal for a predetermined, variable time period measured from the initiation of application of an input signal. The circuit embodying the present invention employs relatively small, non-electrolytic capacitors, thereby keeping component size and cost low and reliability high. In addition, the semiconductor devices employed in the timing portion of applicants circuit are normally in a saturated or cut-off condition during the timing operation, so that circuit functioning is not adversely affected by fluctuations in ambient temperature.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawing, the circuit incorporates a pulse generator which is operative to provide substantially rectangular output pulses of brief duration and having a relatively low frequency, e.g., approximately l hertzuln the pulse generator which is preferred in the present application, such pulses may be derived, as shown, from both the emitter of transistor 01 and the collector of transistor 02. The pulse trains derived at these two points in the pulse generator 10 are in' synchronization with one another. This pulse generator is part of the subject matter of the crossreferenced application.
When the circuit shown in the drawing is energized by a +10 volt source as indicated, the pulse generator 10 will continually generate the aforementioned synchronous pulse trains. The transistor switch formed by the complementary transistor pair 03-04 connected in the regenerative feedback configuration is maintained conductive by'sustaining current passing through resistance R8, diode D2 and the switch 03-04. Transistor 05 is normally non-conductive, since the bias voltage provided by voltage divider R5 and R6 is too low because R6 is connected in parallel with the conductive transistor switch 03-04. This same shunt path diverts the pulses fed to timing capacitance C4 through diode D1, leaving C4 uncharged.
Consequently, charging of C4 is initiated. The pulses derived at the collector of transistor 02 are differentiated by C2 and R4, at the junction of which appear pulses in the form of spikes, having alternately positive and negative polarities. Only the positive pulses thus developed will pass through diode D1 to charge C4. Thus, the combination of C2, R4 and DI operates as a frequency divider by halving the number of pulses which are produced by pulse generator I0, and reduces 'the amount of charge placed on C4 by each of those pulses.
Thevoltage on C4 will subsequently rise at a relatively slow rate. Because the transistor switch 03-04 responds more predictably to sudden changes in voltage rather than a slow-rising voltage, it has been found to be advantageous to feed the synchronous pulse train derived at the emitter of transistor 01 through seriesconnected resistance R9 and capacitance C3 to the base of transistor 03. Thus, after each increment of charge has been added to capacitance C4 by the pulses passing through diode D1, thereby raising the voltage at the emitter of transistor 03, this increase is immediately followed by a sharp decrease in the voltage at the base of 03, thereby facilitating turn-on of the transistor switch 03-04 when C4 has become sufficiently charged.
Once the transistor switch 03-04 has again been rendered conductive after the passage of the time period determined by the charging of capacitance C4, the voltage at the junction of resistance R5 and R6 again goes low since R6 is again shunted by the conductor transistor switch, thereby de-energizing the controlled load circuit. The charge on memory capacitance C4 now discharges through the transistor switch 03-04, which is again provided with sustaining current through resistance R8 and diode D2 due to transistor 05 again being rendered non-conductive as a result of the decrease in bias voltage at its base. Because the circuit returns to its normal condition virtually instantaneously, it may be restarted at the end of each cycle without hesitation.
In the disclosed circuit forming the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the values of the various components are as follows:
Resistances Transistors RllOK Ol-ZNSIS) R2 22 meg O2 2N5l32 R3- lK Q32N5l39 R4 330K 04 2N5l32 R55.lK Q52N5l32 R6 3.3K R7 5. I K R8 lOK R9 lOK Capacitances Diodes Cl 0.22m Dl 1N9l4 C2 0.0033p.f D2 lN9l4 C3 0.lp.f C4 0.33;.tf
The controlled load circuit connected to the junction of resistances R5 and R6 may consist of a variety of circuits, including variations of the pulse generator 10 which is capable of operating as a flasher in automotive lighting circuits. The duration of the time period may be controlled in a number of ways, such as by varying resistance R4 or capacitance C4, or by varying the frequency of the pulse generator 10, or the width of its output pulses, or by eliminating the frequency divider circuit. Alternate methods of initiating the timing operation may be employed. For example, switch SW could be normally closed and connected in series with diode D2, or in either connection it could be replaced by a transistor which is controlled by an associated circuit. The circuit embodying the present invention may find numerous applications. For example, it could be'employed to actuate a warning signal for a predetermined period of time if a driver leaves his automobile with the keys in the ignition.
The advantages of the present invention, as well as certain changes and modifications of the disclosed embodiment thereof, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. it is the applicant's intention to cover all those changes and modifications which could be made to the embodiment of the invention herein chosen for the purposes of the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
l A variable-interval timer circuit comprising:
1. pulse-generating means operative to produce, in
synchronization, first and second trains of lowfrequency pulses;
2. timing means comprising:
a. a timing capacitance connected to said pulse generating means to receive and store said first train of low-frequency pulses; and
b. switching means normally operative to shunt said first train of low-frequency pulses from said timing capacitance, and to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses to facilitate turn-on of said switching means;
3. control means coupled to said timing means and operative normally to prevent said timing capacitance from storing said first train of low-frequency pulses; and
4. starting means coupled to said control means and operative upon actuation to enable said timing capacitance to store said first train of low-frequency pulses and, cooperatively with said control means, to produce an output signal for a predetermined period of time after actuation of said starting means.
2. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is biased by both the voltage on said timing capacitance and said second train of low-frequency pulses produced by said pulsegenerating means.
3. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 2 wherein said switching means is connected to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses from said pulse-generating means through a coupling circuit.
4. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 3 wherein said coupling circuit comprises a resistance and a capacitance connected in series between said pulse-generating means and said switching means.
5. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is maintained normally conductive by sustaining current provided by said control means.
6. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 5 wherein said control means comprises:
l. transistor means normally operative to provide said sustaining current to said switching means via a diode, said starting means being operative, when actuated, to prevent flow of said sustaining current to said switching means; and
2. bias circuit means connected to the input terminal of said transistor means, and normally partially shunted by said switching means.
7. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 6 wherein said starting means comprises a normally open switch connected across the output terminals of said transistor means.
8. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 6 wherein said bias circuit means comprises a voltage divider formed by a pair of resistances connected in series, and a resistance connected between the junction of said voltage divider resistances and the input terminal of said transistor means.
9. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 8 wherein one voltage divider resistance is connected in parallel with said switching means.
Claims (13)
1. A variable-interval timer circuit comprising: 1. pulse-generating means operative to produce, in synchronization, first and second trains of low-frequency pulses; 2. timing means comprising: a. a timing capacitance connected to said pulse generating means to receive and store said first train of low-frequency pulses; and b. switching means normally operative to shunt said first train of low-frequency pulses from said timing capacitance, and to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses to facilitate turn-on of said switching means; 3. control means coupled to said timing means and operative normally to prevent said timing capacitance from storing said first train of low-frequency pulses; and 4. starting means coupled to said control means and operative upon actuation to enable said timing capacitance to store said first train of low-frequency pulses and, cooperatively with said control means, to produce an output signal for a predetermined period of time after actuation of said starting means.
2. timing means comprising: a. a timing capacitance connected to said pulse generating means to receive and store said first train of low-frequency pulses; and b. switching means normally operative to shunt said first train of low-frequency pulses from said timing capacitance, and to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses to facilitate turn-on of said switching means;
2. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is biased by both the voltage on said timing capacitance and said second train of low-frequency pulses produced by said pulse-generating means.
2. bias circuit means connected to the input terminal of said transistor means, and normally partially shunted by said switching means.
3. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 2 wherein said switching means is connected to receive said second train of low-frequency pulses from said pulse-generating means through a coupling circuit.
3. control means coupled to said timing means and operative normally to prevent said timing capacitance from storing said first train of low-frequency pulses; and
4. starting means coupled to said control means and operative upon actuation to enable said timing capacitance to store said first train of low-frequency pulses and, cooperatively with said control means, to produce an output signal for a predetermined period of time after actuation of said starting means.
4. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 3 wherein said coupling circuit comprises a resistance and a capacitance connected in series between said pulse-generating means and said switching means.
5. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 1 wherein said switching means is maintained normally conductive by sustaining current provided by said control means.
6. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 5 wherein said control means comprises:
7. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 6 wherein said starting means comprises a normally open switch connected across the output terminals of said transistor means.
8. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 6 wherein said bias circuit means comprises a voltage divider formed by a pair of resistances connected in series, and a resistance connected between the junction of said voltage divider resistances and the input terminal of said transistor means.
9. A variable-interval timer circuit according to claim 8 wherein one voltage divider resistance is connected in parallel with said switching means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00255137A US3814954A (en) | 1972-05-19 | 1972-05-19 | Variable interval timer circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00255137A US3814954A (en) | 1972-05-19 | 1972-05-19 | Variable interval timer circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3814954A true US3814954A (en) | 1974-06-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00255137A Expired - Lifetime US3814954A (en) | 1972-05-19 | 1972-05-19 | Variable interval timer circuit |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US3814954A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4107553A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-08-15 | General Electric Company | Timer control circuit |
| US4300058A (en) * | 1975-11-19 | 1981-11-10 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electronic switch for converting a pulse signal into an analog signal |
| US4335322A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1982-06-15 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Pulse generator for producing a pulse having a pulse width dependent on an input signal |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2873388A (en) * | 1957-05-10 | 1959-02-10 | Donald E Trumbo | Pulse counter |
| US3105158A (en) * | 1960-06-29 | 1963-09-24 | Daystrom Inc | Step counter having storage capacitor discharge through tranistor driven to saturation with diode regenerative feedback |
| US3121803A (en) * | 1959-05-28 | 1964-02-18 | Zenith Radio Corp | Stair-step counter with pulse storage capacitor triggering, via anti-leakage diode, transistor blocking oscillator |
| US3158757A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1964-11-24 | Northern Electric Co | Long interval timer circuit |
| US3171041A (en) * | 1961-07-20 | 1965-02-23 | Charles W Haase | Single input gate controlling circuit |
| US3204153A (en) * | 1962-05-15 | 1965-08-31 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Relaxation divider |
| US3351781A (en) * | 1965-03-19 | 1967-11-07 | Rca Corp | Counter circuit |
| US3378697A (en) * | 1964-03-18 | 1968-04-16 | Marconi Co Ltd | Frequency dividers adjustable over a wide range of division factors |
| US3378698A (en) * | 1965-04-23 | 1968-04-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pulse responsive control unit |
-
1972
- 1972-05-19 US US00255137A patent/US3814954A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2873388A (en) * | 1957-05-10 | 1959-02-10 | Donald E Trumbo | Pulse counter |
| US3121803A (en) * | 1959-05-28 | 1964-02-18 | Zenith Radio Corp | Stair-step counter with pulse storage capacitor triggering, via anti-leakage diode, transistor blocking oscillator |
| US3105158A (en) * | 1960-06-29 | 1963-09-24 | Daystrom Inc | Step counter having storage capacitor discharge through tranistor driven to saturation with diode regenerative feedback |
| US3171041A (en) * | 1961-07-20 | 1965-02-23 | Charles W Haase | Single input gate controlling circuit |
| US3158757A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1964-11-24 | Northern Electric Co | Long interval timer circuit |
| US3204153A (en) * | 1962-05-15 | 1965-08-31 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Relaxation divider |
| US3378697A (en) * | 1964-03-18 | 1968-04-16 | Marconi Co Ltd | Frequency dividers adjustable over a wide range of division factors |
| US3351781A (en) * | 1965-03-19 | 1967-11-07 | Rca Corp | Counter circuit |
| US3378698A (en) * | 1965-04-23 | 1968-04-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pulse responsive control unit |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4300058A (en) * | 1975-11-19 | 1981-11-10 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electronic switch for converting a pulse signal into an analog signal |
| US4107553A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-08-15 | General Electric Company | Timer control circuit |
| US4335322A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1982-06-15 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Pulse generator for producing a pulse having a pulse width dependent on an input signal |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STUDEBAKER-WORTHINGTON, INC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WAGNER ELECTRIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003984/0757 Effective date: 19801229 |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC., 1001 FANNIN, HOUSTON, TEX Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:EDISON INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004475/0382 Effective date: 19851031 |