US3818698A - Steam power plants - Google Patents

Steam power plants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3818698A
US3818698A US00285328A US28532872A US3818698A US 3818698 A US3818698 A US 3818698A US 00285328 A US00285328 A US 00285328A US 28532872 A US28532872 A US 28532872A US 3818698 A US3818698 A US 3818698A
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steam
turbine
pressure
condenser
cooling
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English (en)
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G Beckmann
P Viktor
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Waagner Biro AG
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Waagner Biro AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A power plant which has an installation capable of accumulating energy during low-load periods and discharging the accumulated energy during peak-load periods.
  • the installation includes steam accumulators which store a charge of steam under pressure until the energy thereof is required during a peak-load period.
  • the pressure thereof gradually diminishes, and through a suitable conduit system the steam is delivered first to a turbine designed for optimum operation at an upper steam pressure range at which the steam is first discharged, and then steam is delivered to another turbine which is designed for optimum operation at a lower pressure range at which the steam is subsequently discharged, so that at any given instant the discharged steam operates only a turbine designed for optimum operation at the pressure at which the steam is discharged.
  • the present invention relates to steam power plants such as, for example, power plants having nuclear reactors.
  • Such power plants have conventionally a primary power-generating installation which is continuously operated.
  • the primary installation is used to accumulate energy at a secondary installation of the power plant where the accumulated energy in the form of a charge of steam is maintained in readiness for generating additional power during peak-load periods.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an installation for operating at peak-load in such a way that steam discharged from the turbines is condensed in a highly efficient manner.
  • the power plant has an installation for providing additional power during periods of peak load.
  • This latter installation includes an accumulator means for receiving a charge of steam under pressure during a low-load period of operation and for discharging the steam under pressure during a peak-load period.
  • a plurality of turbine means are provided for the installation and this plurality of turbine means are respectively designed the discharged steam being used to operate first a turbine designed for optimum operation at a relatively v high steam pressure and then for operation of a second turbine designed for optimum operation at a lower steam pressure so that by sequential operation of these turbines at the pressure ranges for which they are designed considerable efficiency and economy are achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a power plant installation designed for operation during periods of peak load;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a power plant installation designed for operation during periods of peak load.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates how an installatioh of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is incorporated into the entire power plant.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated therein an ;installation which forms part of a power plant such as 40]that shown in FIG. 3 and which is designed to ideliver additional power during periods of peakload operation.
  • the installation shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of turbine means 1, 2, 3 in the form of separate, individual turbine units which are respectively designed for optimum operation at sequentially different pressure ranges.
  • the turbine means 1 is designed for operation at the highest pressure range, while the turbine means 2 is designed for optimum operation at the iiext lower pressure range and in the three-turbine installation illustrated, the turbine means 3 is designed for optimum operation at the lowest pressure range which immediately follows the pressure range at which the turbine means 2 will have its optimum operation.
  • An accumulator means is provided for receiving a charge of steam under pressure during a period of low load operation.
  • the illustrated accumulator means includes the schematically illustrated accumulators 6, 7, 8, although it is to be understood that any desired number of accumulators may be utilized and these accumulators may be of the type which operate with a dropping pressure or of the type which have a constant pressure.
  • the several accumulators 6-8 which form the accumulator means are charged to different extents as indicated by the different levels of the surface of the water therein beneath the compressed steam situated above the water.
  • the threeturbine means 1, 2, 3 of the illustrated installation may be characterized respectively as a high pressure turbine, an intermediate pressure turbine, and a low pressure turbine.
  • the several turbine means 1-3 are coaxially arranged so as to operate on a common output shaft 40.
  • the several turbines l-3 may successively drive the common output shaft 40 so that while one of the turbine means operates the remaining turbine means may remain in an inoperative condition.
  • the output shaft 40 is operatively connected with a generator 5 as schematically illustrated 5621's to drive the generator 5 for providing additional power during the peakload operation as referred to above.
  • the steam under pressure which is discharged from the accumulator means 6-8 is delivered through a conduit means 10, 20, 30 to the several turbine means 1, 2, 3, respectively.
  • the conduit means 10, 20, 30 is designed to deliver the steam from the accumulator means 6-8 to the several turbine means in such a way that each of the turbine means is operated only with steam at a pressure within the range for which the particular turbine means was designed for optimum operation. For example, it may be assumed that when steam is discharged from the accumulator means 6-8 the steam initially has a maximum pressure of 20 atmospheres with this pressure gradually diminishing during discharge of the steam.
  • the turbine means I may be considered as designed for optimum operation through a steam pressure range of 20 to l l atmospheres, and thus while the discharged steam is within the latter range it will be delivered through the conduit 10 of the conduit means to the turbine means 1 for operating the latter only at its optimum pressure.
  • the conduit means includes valves 18 which are automatically opened as long as the steam discharging from the accumulator means is in a pressure range of from to ll atmospheres, and through these valves 18 the accumulator means 6-8 has the steam discharged thereby delivered to the turbine means 1 through the conduit 10 of the conduit means.
  • Automatic operation of valves such as the valves 18 in response to steam within a given pressure range may be carried out in any well known manner.
  • pressure gauges may be provided for automatically closing an electrical circuit as long as the pressure is between 20 and 11 atmospheres, and this electrical circuit may be connected with solenoid valves which form the valves 18 and which are maintained through these solenoid valves in an open position as long as the steam pressure is between 20 and 1 l atmospheres.
  • next turbine means2 may be designed for optimum operation at a pressure range of from ll to 5 atmospheres, and thus in this latter pressure range the operation of the highpressure turbine means 1 will be terminated and instead the operation will continue with the intermediate pressure turbine means 2 which in this example -is designed for optimum operation at a steam pressure of between II and 5 atmospheres.
  • the conduit means includes the conduit 20 connected through the valves 28 with the several accumulators of the accumulator means, and through suitable pressure gauges and through the use of solenoid valves to form the valves 28, these valves may be automatically opened at a pressure range of between 11 and 5 atmospheres while at this latter pressure range the valves 18 are closed, so that at this time the accumulator means only delivers steam to the turbine means 2.
  • the valves 28 of the conduit means will be automatically closed and the valves 38 will be automatically opened, for example, in the manner described above in connection with the valves 18 and 28, and at this time it will be seen that the accumulator means 6-8 delivers the steam to conduit 30 of the conduit means 10, 20, 30.
  • This conduit communicates with the turbine means 3 which is designed for the lowest range of steam pressure, this being the pressure of from 5 atmospheres and lower in the above example. Therefore, with the embodiment of FIG. 1 during the last stage of the operation only the turbine means 3 will operate while the turbine means I and 2 will remain idle. Thus. with the method and apparatus of the invention the successive turbine means I, 2, 3 will be successively operated only at their optimum pressure ranges during continuous discharge of steam from the accumulator means 6-8 during a period of peak-load operation.
  • the saturated steam which is discharged from the accumulator means 6-8 is superheated in the illustrated example by way of steam-dryers or superheaters 19, 29 and 39 respectively connected into the conduits 10, 20, 30.
  • the installation includes a superheating accumulator 9 which delivers steam successively through the coils of the superheaters 19, 29, and 39 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the highest-temperature superheated steam is derived by travel of the steam in the conduit 10 through the superheater 19, while the intermediate-temperature superheated steam is derived from travel of the steam in the conduit 20 through the superheater 29, and the lowest-temperature superheated steam is achieved by travel of the steam in the conduit 30 through the superheater 39.
  • the steam After traveling through the several superheaters the steam is returned to the accumulator 9 to again be raised to the required temperature by way of the coil 23 which is situated within the accumulator 9 and which receives hot steam in the manner described in greater detail below from the primary part of the power plant.
  • a plurality of condenser means 11, 21, 31 respec tively-communicate with the plurality of turbine means 1, 2, 3 for receiving the steam which discharges from the several turbine means and for condensing this steam.
  • a cooling-water conduit means 4 supplies the cooling water for the several condenser means 11, 21, 31 and it will be noted that the cooling-water conduit means 4 has the portions 34, 24 and 141 which are successively connected in series with each other andwhich are situated in the successive condenser means 31, 21, and 11, respectively. Therefore. the condenser means 31 of the lower-pressure turbine means 3 receives cooling water at the lowest temperature so that the vacuum of the greatest degree is maintained in the condenser means 31.
  • the several condenser means 11, 21 and 31 are surface condensers which are connected in series at the cooling-water Esfiauirpaaidiis'mtb'r'athafiiie condens'erfiieh's 31 for the low-pressure turbine means 3 whose inlet steam has the highest inlet entropy has the cooling water of the lowest temperature.
  • the cooling surfaces of the condensers are schematically illustrated by the coil portions 14, 24, and 34 which are connected in series and form parts of the cooling water conduit means 4.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of an installation according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a back-pressure turbine 13 which is connected with the conduit of the conduit means to receive steam at the highest pressure range, and only the intermediate pressure range turbine means 2 and the lower-pressure range turbine means 3 are retained.
  • the back-pressure turbine 13 operating on the same common power shaft 40 to drive the generator 5 as was described above in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the accumulator means 6-8 and the superheater means of FIG. 2 are identical with that of FIG. 1.
  • the back-pressure turbine means 13 which rr ay talge the form of a Curtis wheel.
  • the back-pressure turbine means 13 is thus capable of being operated in an adjustable manner and for this purpose it receives steam through a group of nozzles 15-17 so that by way of the adjustable throttling achieved with these nozzles it is possible to operate the back-pressure turbine means 13 with a controlled amount of high-pressure steam.
  • Steam from the turbine means 13 is discharged through the discharge conduit means 12 to the lower-pressure turbine means 3 which thus acts as a condenser for the back-pressure turbine means 13.
  • the discharge conduit means 12 delivers the steam from the back-pressure turbine means 13 directly to the conduit 31) upstream of the superheater 39 so that the steam discharged from the back-pressure turbine means 13 is first superheated and is delivered together with "siesta" derived from the accumulator means through the valves 38 to the lower-pressure turbine means 3.
  • the low-pressure steam from the accumulator means 6-8 is mixed with the exhaust or discharge steam of the turbine means 13 prior to flowing of the combined mixture through the superheater 39, so that both of the sources of steam are dried and heated to a slight extent before being delivered by the conduit 30 of the conduit means to the low-pressure turbine means 3 which is in the form of a condenser turbine in the same way as the intermediate pressure turbine means 2.
  • the back-pressure turbine means 13 is continuously operated but with adjustable throttling of the delivery of steam thereto by way of the nozzle assemblies 15-17 in such a way that the output from the backpressure turbine means 13 is increased as the pressure of the steam delivered from the accumulator means drops so that it becomes possible with such an embodiment to maintain at the am ui'shari 411 a constant power output for driving the generator 5 with a constant power.
  • the several condenser means which are operatively connected thereto are continuously operated so as to maintain the vacuum therein.
  • adjustment of the operation of the back-pressure turbine is maintained by adjustably throttling the tlo wof steam thereto, the remaining condenser turbines are operated without throttling of the flow of steam thereto.
  • the nozzle assemblies 15-17 may be operated automatically by providing in the illustrated example threenozzles to which steam is delivered from the three valves in the three branches shown in FIG. 2 with these three valves also being solenoid valves automatically opened in response to the sequential dropping of the pressure ranges.
  • the valve of nozzle assembly 15 may be opened simultaneously with the opening of the valve 18, and then while all the latter valve, are maintained open, instead of closing of the valves 18, as described above.
  • the valve of the nozzle assembly 1 6 is opened simultaneously with the opening of the valves 28, and then with both of the valves of both assemblies 15 and 16 maintained open upon closing of the valve 28the valve assembly 17 is opened simultaneously with the opening of the valves 38.
  • FIG. 3 it will be seen that an installation of the type shown in FIG. I is illustrated in the entire power plant. although this particular installation for operating during peak-power periods includes two accumulators 6. As was indicated above any desired number of accumulators may be incorporated.
  • the entire power plant installation which is shown in FIG. 3 includes a primary power plant installation which has as its heat source a pressurized water reactor assembly including the nuclear reactor 41,
  • the pressurizer 42 operatively connected therewith, the heat exchanger or transformer 43, and the pump 44 which forms the main pump for the coolant circuit of the primary installation.
  • the heat exchanger 43 the heat derived from the reactor is de- 45 the combined steam discharged from the turbines 48 w is in turn condensed in a primary condenser means 53 from which the condensed steam is delivered to a feedwater preheater 50 made up of a pair of units from which the feedwater is delivered to a feedwate r tank 51 communicating with a feedwater pump 52.
  • the nozzles 22 for charging the accumulator means 6-8 receive steam from the feedwater preheater units 50 one of which is located downstream of the pump 52.
  • the accumulator 9 is shown as being charged also directly by a nozzle similar to the nozzles 22, but in this case the charging steam is derived directly from the turbine 45, at an intermediate stage of the latter.
  • part of the steam derived from the intermediate stage of the turbine 45 is delivered in the illustrated example, if desired through suitable valves, to the conduits 10, 20, 30 of the conduit means for supplying the several turbine means 1-3 of the auxiliary installation, so that the power plant may be operated in such a way that part of the steam used for the turbine means 1-3 may also be derived from the turbine 45.
  • the one condenser means 11 is shown in FIG. 3 for condensing steam discharged from the several turbine means l-3, but it is to be understood that this construction may actually take the form shown in FIGS. 1 or 2.
  • the cooling-water conduit means 4 not only has portions 14, 24, and 34 connected in series and forming part of the different condenser means 11, 21, 31 as shown in FIG. 1, but in addition this cooling-water conduit means is connected in series with the cooling coils-of the primary condenser means 53.
  • the secondary condenser means for installation as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 has its cooling water conduitrneans connected in series with the cooling water coils for the primary condenser means 53.
  • the cooling water is cooled by way of a natural-draft cooling tower 54 which forms a cooling means for the cooling water.
  • the cooling water from the cooling means 54 is first delivered to the primary condenser means 53 and then flows to the secondary condenser means of the auxiliary installation used during peak-load operation.
  • auxiliary installation In the event that the auxiliary installation is not operating, for example during periods of low-load operation, then it is possible to open a bypass line by way of a valve 56 so that the cooling water will not flow through the condensers of the auxiliary installation. During peak-load operation the valve 56 is closed so that bypassing theauxiliary condenser means cannot take place. Thus, after cooling water flows through the primary condenser means 53 it will flow through the condenser means of the auxiliary installation shown either in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 2 for operating the condensers thereof.
  • the cooling-water means 54 is provided in the form of a dry or wet natural draft cooling tower which, even in the case of an overload resulting from simultaneous operation of the primary and secondary condenser means during peak load, nevertheless is able to remove the greater amount of heat as a result of the increase in buoyancy due to the higher temperature of the cooling water without, however, increasing the temperature of the cooling water of the primary condenser means 53 in a significant manner. Therefore, the condenser pressure of the primary power plant installation remains constant even in the case of such an overload.
  • said installation comprising an accumulator means for storing energy when said accumulator means is charged during periods of low load and for delivering steam which initially has a given maximum pressure delivering steam from said accumulator means first to one of said turbine means which is designed to operate at the steam pressure which is delivered by said accumulator means and then to another of said turbine means which is designed to operate at the next lower pressure range when the pressure of the steam delivered by said accumulator means reaches said next lower pressure range, so that at any given instant steam from said accumulator means is delivered only to a turbine means which is designed to operate at the particular pressure which is provided by said accumulator means.
  • conduit means includes a plurality of conduits respectively communicating with said plurality of turbine means and valve means for respectively connecting said accumulator means sequentially to said conduits.
  • conduit means includes a plurality of separate conduits respectively communicating with said plurality of turbine means and all communicating with said accumulator means, at least half of the number of said turbine means being in the form of condenser turbines and a plurality of condenser means respectively operatively connected with said condenser turbines for receiving steam therefrom and for condensing the latter steam, the remainder of the number of turbine means including at least one back-pressure turbine communicating with that one of said conduits which delivers steam at the highest pressure range, and means connected between said back-pressure turbine and said one conduit for regulating the delivery of steam from said one conduit to said back-pressure turbine.
  • a discharge conduit means communicates with said backpressure turbine for receiving steam therefrom and communicates with one of said condenser turbines for delivering the steam discharged from said backpressure turbine to said one condenser turbine.
  • discharge conduit means provides communication between said back-pressure turbine and that one of said conduits which delivers steam from said conduit means to the condenser turbine which operates at the lowest pressure range.
  • cooling-water conduit means is common to said primary and auxiliary condenser means for providing a series-connection of the cooling water between said primary and auxiliary condenser means with the cooling water flowing first from said cooling means to said primary condenser means, then from the latter to said auxiliary condenser means, and from the latter back to said cooling means.
  • cooling means is in the form of a natural-draft cooling power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US00285328A 1971-09-02 1972-08-31 Steam power plants Expired - Lifetime US3818698A (en)

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AT765371A AT312007B (de) 1971-09-02 1971-09-02 Dampfspeicherkraftwerk

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AT (1) AT312007B (de)
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GB (1) GB1369364A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4164848A (en) * 1976-12-21 1979-08-21 Paul Viktor Gilli Method and apparatus for peak-load coverage and stop-gap reserve in steam power plants
US20090283007A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2009-11-19 William Gregory Taylor Nuclear locomotive
ES2374891A1 (es) * 2011-12-20 2012-02-23 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía mediante fluidos comprimidos y su procedimiento de operación.
US20120131915A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2012-05-31 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. System and method for accumulating steam in tanks for solar use
CN102588019A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-18 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 用于涡轮机及相关装置的饱和蒸汽热力循环
US20130081396A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-04-04 Chang Kuo Dual Energy Solar Thermal Power Plant
US20130239572A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-09-19 Uv Solar Power Inc. Dual energy solar thermal power plant
DE102014201406B3 (de) * 2014-01-27 2014-12-24 Drewag - Stadtwerke Dresden Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur mittelbaren Speicherung elektrischer Energie und zur Erbringung von positiver und negativer Regelleistung für ein elektrisches Verbundstromnetz

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2089915A (en) * 1932-09-20 1937-08-10 Gilli Paul Accumulator plant
US2320586A (en) * 1936-02-24 1943-06-01 Gilli Paul Accumulator plant

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2089915A (en) * 1932-09-20 1937-08-10 Gilli Paul Accumulator plant
US2320586A (en) * 1936-02-24 1943-06-01 Gilli Paul Accumulator plant

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4164848A (en) * 1976-12-21 1979-08-21 Paul Viktor Gilli Method and apparatus for peak-load coverage and stop-gap reserve in steam power plants
US20090283007A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2009-11-19 William Gregory Taylor Nuclear locomotive
CN102803662A (zh) * 2009-06-19 2012-11-28 阿文戈亚太阳能新技术公司 在太阳能水箱中聚积蒸汽的系统和方法
US20120131915A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2012-05-31 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. System and method for accumulating steam in tanks for solar use
CN102803662B (zh) * 2009-06-19 2015-02-25 阿文戈亚太阳能新技术公司 在太阳能水箱中聚积蒸汽的系统和方法
CN102588019A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-18 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 用于涡轮机及相关装置的饱和蒸汽热力循环
US20120256420A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-10-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Saturated steam thermodynamic cycle for a turbine and an associated installation
US8820077B2 (en) * 2010-12-30 2014-09-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Saturated steam thermodynamic cycle for a turbine and an associated installation
CN102588019B (zh) * 2010-12-30 2016-07-06 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 用于涡轮机及相关装置的饱和蒸汽热力循环
US20130081396A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-04-04 Chang Kuo Dual Energy Solar Thermal Power Plant
US20130239572A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-09-19 Uv Solar Power Inc. Dual energy solar thermal power plant
ES2374891A1 (es) * 2011-12-20 2012-02-23 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía mediante fluidos comprimidos y su procedimiento de operación.
WO2013093135A1 (es) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Dispositivo y procedimiento de almacenamiento de energía mediante fluidos comprimidos
DE102014201406B3 (de) * 2014-01-27 2014-12-24 Drewag - Stadtwerke Dresden Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur mittelbaren Speicherung elektrischer Energie und zur Erbringung von positiver und negativer Regelleistung für ein elektrisches Verbundstromnetz

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Publication number Publication date
JPS4835318A (de) 1973-05-24
DE2242711A1 (de) 1973-03-15
AT312007B (de) 1973-12-10
JPS5314690B2 (de) 1978-05-19
GB1369364A (en) 1974-10-09
DE2242711B2 (de) 1974-01-24
DE2242711C3 (de) 1974-08-15

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