US3823514A - Hydraulic grinding method - Google Patents

Hydraulic grinding method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3823514A
US3823514A US00303657A US30365772A US3823514A US 3823514 A US3823514 A US 3823514A US 00303657 A US00303657 A US 00303657A US 30365772 A US30365772 A US 30365772A US 3823514 A US3823514 A US 3823514A
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Prior art keywords
hole
grinding
abrasive grits
burrs
grinding medium
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00303657A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Tsuchiya
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Honda Koki KK
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Honda Koki KK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
    • B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
    • B24B31/116—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure

Definitions

  • HYDRAULIC GRINDING METHOD Takeo Tsuchiya, Tokyo, Japan Assignees: Nissan Koki Kabushiki Kaisha;
  • ABSTRACT Sharp edges and burrs formed at the open ends of machined holes or at their intersections can now be removed efficiently by the method of the invention, in which a grinding medium composed of viscous oil and abrasive grits such as of alumina :is forced through the machined hole alternately in opposite directions. During the grinding process, most of abrasive grits are held in the lower portion of the whole mass of the grinding medium used due to the difference in specific gravity between the two medium components and the upper thinner portion of the mass is forced through the hole alternately ahead of and following the thickner mass portion.
  • the present invention is intended to overcome such difficulties encountered in previous cleaning techniques and has forits primary object to provide a novel grinding method which makes it possible to remove any sharp edges and burrs formed around machined fluid passages including those formed at locations precluding application of any previous grinding or cleaning technique.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding method of the character described in which not only sharp edges and burrs can be efficiently removed from machined fluid-conducting holes but also such holes can be effectively cleared of any slags or small fragments of stock material.
  • a hydraulic grinding method particularly adapted for removal of sharp edges and burrs formed around machined holes at their open ends or at their intersection and in which method a grinding medium composed of a fluid of considerable viscosity and abrasive grits, such as fine particles of alumina, admixed to the fluid is forced to pass up and down through the machined hole by appropriate means, for example, including an upper and a lower hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section of an example of work, showing it on an enlarged scale and in a position fixed in a set of jigs;
  • FIG. 2 is a partly schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the apparatus designed to perform the grinding method of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view of the apparatus showing the relative position of parts in a stage of operation.
  • the work W has sharp edges at the opposite open ends of each of machined holes h and h and also interiorly at the intersection thereof.
  • burrs are formed along such edges and, if the machined part is assembled with such burrs left to remain thereon, they will fall off sooner or later to enter the fluid system to impede its proper functioning, as pointed out hereinbefore.
  • the work W is snugly fitted in a set of jigs 6 and 6 formed with respective vertical holes 6 and 6 which are in alignment, in this case,
  • holes 6 6 and 6 have each a diameter slightly larger than that of the respective adjoining machined hole h or h, in the work W so that the end edges of the machined holes h and in are wholy exposed to the jig holes.
  • the apparatus includes a machine frame a and a turn table 7 rotatably mounted on a shaft b fixed to the upper portion of frame a.
  • On the table 7. are mounted a number of works W at equal circumferential distances through the intermediary of respective sets of jigs 6 6,, the table being rotatable to set the works W successively in working position aligned with the axes of an upper and a lower piston-cylinder assembly which in turn are aligned with each other.
  • the works W mounted on the table have each its vertical hole h in communication with the top and bottom sides of the table 7 through the intermediary of respective vertical holes formed in the jigs 6 and 6,.
  • the upper piston-cylinder assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder structure 1 secured to the top of ma chine frame a and defining an upper and a lower chamber accommodating respective pistons 2, and 2, which are connected with a piston rod slidably extending through the partition wall between the two chambers.
  • the bottom wall of the cylinder structure 1, defining the bottom of the lower cylinder chamber, is formed with an axial hole 25.
  • the lower piston-cylinder assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder structure 20 having an upper and a lower chamber defined therein to accommodate respective pistons 9 and 12, which are connected with each other by means of a piston rod slidably extending through the partition wall between the two chambers. As shown, the piston rod extends downwardly through the bottom of the lower cylinder structure 20 to serve the purpose described hereinafter.
  • the lower piston-cylinder assembly is supported by a hydraulic actuator 13 through the intermediary of its plunger for vertical movement.
  • the cylinder structure 20 hasa top wall formed with an axial hole 26 in aligned opposite relation with the hole 25 formed in the bottom of the upper' cylinder structure 1.
  • Reference characters LS1, LS2 and LS3 designate respective limit switches operable by the enlarged bottom end of the piston rod of the lower piston-cylinder assembly to produce electrical control signals and serve to control the hydraulic operation of the apparatus, as described hereinafter in detail.
  • Another feature of the apparatus includes a washing system which comprises a tank 17 for holding a supply of washing oil and an oil reservoir 21.
  • Reference numeral 24 designates an oil conduit connecting the tank 17 with the bottom of the upper cylinder structure 1 and opening at the lower end into the hole 25.
  • Reference numeral 22 indicates an oil pump operable to replenish the oil tank 17 with oil from the reservoir 21 under the control of float switch 16.
  • reference numeral 19 designates a mass of grinding medium composed of a viscous oil and abrasive grits admixed thereto and shown stored in the upper chamber of the lower cylinder structure 20 in a position supported by upper piston 9 therein. As shown, the abrasive grits are substantially deposited on the piston 9 and the top portion of the stored mass of medium is practically formed of viscous oil alone. It will readily be seen that the vertical position of piston 9 at this time is determined by limit switch LS2.
  • the turn table 7 is turned to place one of the works W mounted thereon in the working position aligned with the axes of the upper and lower piston-cylinder assemblies and the whole of the lower piston cylinder assembly is raised under the action of hydraulic actuator 13 until the turn table 7 is pressed against the bottom of the upper cylinder structure 1, when the work W is clamped between the upper and lower cylinder structures 1 and 20 in a fluid tight manner through the jigs 6 6,, as shown in FIG. 3. Completion of such clamping action is detected from the rising movement of the lower cylinder structure 20 and, under the detecting signal, the pistons 9, 12 in the lower cylinder 20 and those 2, 2, in the upper cylinder 1 start to rise in unison.
  • the grinding medium 19 held in the lower cylinder 20 is forced into the upper cylinder 1 and more particularly into the lower chamber thereof through hole 26 in the top wall of the lower cylinder 20, hole 6 (FIG. 3) in lower jig 6, hole h in work W, hole 6 in upper jig 6, and through hole 25 in the bottom of upper cylinder 1.
  • the upper layer of grinding medium substantially formed of viscous oil is forced up into the upper cylinder, effectively lubricating the whole passageway including holes 26, 6 h, 6;, and 25 in advance of the following medium flow containing a successively increasing proportion of abrasive grits. Owing to this, any danger that the working area including machined hole h be clogged with abrasive grits is effectively prevented despite of the throttling effect of the work hole h.
  • pistons 9 and 12 in the lower cylinder 20 continue to descend until the lowermost limit switch LS1 is actuated to produce a stop signal.
  • This additional descent of pistons 9 and 12 covering the distance between limit switches LS2 and LS1 makes the pres-- sure in the space above the mass of grinding medium in the lower cylinder subatmospheric so that the nonretum valve 15 is opened to allow washing oil 0 to flow down through the conduit 24, hole 25 in the bottom of the upper cylinder 1 and through the vertical hole h in work W into the lower cylinder.
  • the signal produced by limit switch LS1 upon completion of the down stroke of the pistons 9, 12 causes the hydraulic actuator 13 to operate to cause the lower cylinder to slowly descend and at the same time causes the pistons 9, 12 therein to rise until limit switch LS2 is actuated when the lower piston-cylinder assembly is restored to its initial position shown in FIG. 2 and the cycle of operation of the grinding apparatus is completed.
  • washing oil 0 previously stored in the lower cylinder 20 is forced up through the hole 26 formed in the top wall of the cylinder and collected in the oil pan 18 to return into the oil reservoir 21. On this occasion, the washing oil is initially directed through the work W and the clearance previously formed between.
  • washing oil 0 stored in reservoir 21 is fed up through an appropriate filter means into tank 17 by means of pump 22 under the control of float switch 16.
  • Grinding medium 19 may have any appropriate composition including viscous fluid and abrasive grits.
  • a colloidal grinding medium composed of a lubricating oil having a viscosity ranging between SUS 600 2,000 (100F) and granulated alumina admixed thereto in a proportion of to 50 percent by volume is recommendable.
  • abrasive grits such as of alumina in the grinding medium tend to aggregate and mostly held inthe lower portion of the whole mass of grinding medium under gravitation and, as described hereinbefore, are forced to pass through the working area mostly in the later or initial part of piston stroke of the hydraulic assemblies with another machined hole h, and, under the compound effect of such collision and repulsion accompanying breakdown of aggregates, any sharp edges and burrs appendant thereto are effectively removed from the machined hole h.
  • grinding or abrading effect is obtained at either end of the hole h as well as at its intersection with the other hole h as the direction of flow of the grinding medium through the work W is alternately changed during the grinding process.
  • the float plate 8 arranged in the lower cylinder 20 also serves to collect most of fragments of removed stock including burrs and enables them to be efficiently discharged out of the lower cylinder together with the washing oil 0 at the last stage of the working cycle. It will be readily noted that the wall surface of the machined hole h is kept free from abrasion throughout the process since the grinding medium is allowed to pass smoothly over such surface under the self-lubricating effect of the medium despite of the limited hole diameter.
  • the grinding method of the present invention is highly advantageous in that it makes it possible to remove sharp edges and burrs formed at the ends of any machined hole or at its intersection with another hole or holes in an efficient manner irrespective of the hole diameter or the complicacy of the hole intersection.
  • a hydraulic grinding method for removal of sharp edges and burrs in a machined hole of a workpiece formed at its intersections with other holes, or at open ings of the hole without abrading the interior surface of the hole comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
US00303657A 1971-11-08 1972-11-03 Hydraulic grinding method Expired - Lifetime US3823514A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8891671A JPS5548941B2 (da) 1971-11-08 1971-11-08

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US3823514A true US3823514A (en) 1974-07-16

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US (1) US3823514A (da)
JP (1) JPS5548941B2 (da)
DE (1) DE2254660C3 (da)
GB (1) GB1357056A (da)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005549A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-02-01 Dynetics Corporation Abrasive flow machining method and tooling
US4369605A (en) * 1980-07-11 1983-01-25 Monsanto Company Methods for preparing tube sheets for permeators having hollow fiber membranes
WO1989005710A1 (en) * 1987-12-17 1989-06-29 Extrude Hone Corporation Multi-cylinder abrasier flow machine
US5076027A (en) * 1987-12-17 1991-12-31 Extrude Hone Corporation Process for abrasive flow machining using multiple cylinders
WO1997018058A1 (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Localmed, Inc. Apparatus and method for polishing lumenal prostheses
US5709587A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-01-20 Kennametal Inc. Method and apparatus for honing an elongate rotary tool
US5807163A (en) * 1995-08-04 1998-09-15 Dynetics Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the diameter and geometry of an orifice with an abrasive slurry
US6132482A (en) * 1996-11-12 2000-10-17 Dynetics Corporation Abrasive liquid slurry for polishing and radiusing a microhole
US6234872B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-05-22 General Electric Company Free flow abrasive hole polishing
WO2003035325A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-05-01 Extrude Hone Corporation Abrasive flow machining apparatus and method
US20040266320A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-12-30 Walch William L. Abrasive flow machining apparatus and method
US20050069837A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2005-03-31 Paul Lewis Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US20050242057A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Hewlett-Packard Developmentcompany, L.P. Substrate passage formation
US6968619B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2005-11-29 Ultradent Products, Inc. Method for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US20060185169A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-08-24 Paul Lewis Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US20070116532A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments by milling
US20090113707A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-07 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method for refurbishing a valve seat in a fuel injector assembly
US20090118718A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-07 Intralase, Inc. System and method for incising material
US7743505B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-06-29 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments from powdered metals
CN102990506A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-03-27 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 喷油嘴喷孔的挤压研磨装置及方法
CN104476379A (zh) * 2014-12-03 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种喷油嘴挤压研磨系统
US20150097746A1 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-09 The Boeing Company Additive Manufacturing for Radio Frequency Hardware
CN105500215A (zh) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-20 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种衬套类零件磨粒流去毛刺的加工方法
CN106976009A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-07-25 南京航空航天大学 磨料流去除四通接口相贯孔毛刺用夹具
US9764447B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-09-19 United Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for polishing airfoils
WO2018161442A1 (zh) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 上海普偌迈机电制造有限公司 一种用于液体加工的柱塞泵
CN110587467A (zh) * 2019-10-09 2019-12-20 无锡威孚马山油泵油嘴有限公司 一种柱塞套磨粒流油孔去毛刺装置
CN110802501A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-18 山东润通齿轮集团有限公司 一种模具流体抛光设备及其抛光方法
US10759018B2 (en) * 2015-08-25 2020-09-01 Sundaram-Clayton Limited Method and apparatus for machining a component
CN113953965A (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-01-21 东莞市普华精密机械有限公司 一种去除工件交叉孔披锋的设备
RU2859157C2 (ru) * 2022-06-13 2026-03-30 Aecc Шанхай Коммершал Эйркрафт Энджин Маньюфэкчуринг Ко., Лтд. Полировальное устройство, способ полирования и герметизирующая система

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5831946U (ja) * 1981-08-26 1983-03-02 坂本　洋 研磨装置における研磨材の動作検出装置
DE3723698C2 (de) * 1987-07-17 1995-04-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil sowie Verfahren zu dessen Einstellung
DE10015875C2 (de) * 2000-03-30 2002-02-07 Sonplas Gmbh Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Düsenelementes für Einspritzventile
DE102004013142A1 (de) * 2004-03-17 2005-10-06 Sonplas Gmbh Pumpvorrichtung für ein Fluid
CN108637717B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2020-06-02 国营第六一六厂 一种精确快速液力挤压阀座斜孔的加工夹具
CN109773604A (zh) * 2018-12-26 2019-05-21 河海大学常州校区 一种去除相交孔毛刺的自动可控装置及方法

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US587892A (en) * 1897-08-10 M a t iiia s w a l t e k
US2419687A (en) * 1945-11-24 1947-04-29 Hamilton Watch Co Method of oliving jewels
US3521412A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-07-21 Extrude Hone Inc Method of honing by extruding
US3559351A (en) * 1968-06-28 1971-02-02 Edward S Richter Method for treating metals

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US587892A (en) * 1897-08-10 M a t iiia s w a l t e k
US2419687A (en) * 1945-11-24 1947-04-29 Hamilton Watch Co Method of oliving jewels
US3521412A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-07-21 Extrude Hone Inc Method of honing by extruding
US3521412B1 (da) * 1968-04-12 1983-05-17
US3559351A (en) * 1968-06-28 1971-02-02 Edward S Richter Method for treating metals

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005549A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-02-01 Dynetics Corporation Abrasive flow machining method and tooling
US4369605A (en) * 1980-07-11 1983-01-25 Monsanto Company Methods for preparing tube sheets for permeators having hollow fiber membranes
WO1989005710A1 (en) * 1987-12-17 1989-06-29 Extrude Hone Corporation Multi-cylinder abrasier flow machine
US5076027A (en) * 1987-12-17 1991-12-31 Extrude Hone Corporation Process for abrasive flow machining using multiple cylinders
US5807163A (en) * 1995-08-04 1998-09-15 Dynetics Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the diameter and geometry of an orifice with an abrasive slurry
WO1997018058A1 (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Localmed, Inc. Apparatus and method for polishing lumenal prostheses
US5788558A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-08-04 Localmed, Inc. Apparatus and method for polishing lumenal prostheses
US5762538A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-06-09 Kennametal Inc. Method and apparatus for honing an elongate rotary tool
US5709587A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-01-20 Kennametal Inc. Method and apparatus for honing an elongate rotary tool
US6132482A (en) * 1996-11-12 2000-10-17 Dynetics Corporation Abrasive liquid slurry for polishing and radiusing a microhole
US6234872B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-05-22 General Electric Company Free flow abrasive hole polishing
SG82046A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-07-24 Gen Electric Free flow abrasive hole polishing
WO2003035325A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-05-01 Extrude Hone Corporation Abrasive flow machining apparatus and method
US20040266320A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-12-30 Walch William L. Abrasive flow machining apparatus and method
US6905395B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2005-06-14 Extrude Hone Corporation Abrasive flow machining apparatus and method
US20050069837A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2005-03-31 Paul Lewis Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US7398598B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2008-07-15 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US6968619B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2005-11-29 Ultradent Products, Inc. Method for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US7429335B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2008-09-30 Shen Buswell Substrate passage formation
US20050242057A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Hewlett-Packard Developmentcompany, L.P. Substrate passage formation
US7665212B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-02-23 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US20060185169A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-08-24 Paul Lewis Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments
US7743505B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-06-29 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments from powdered metals
US7322105B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2008-01-29 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments by milling
US20070116532A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Ultradent Products, Inc. Methods for manufacturing endodontic instruments by milling
US20090113707A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-07 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method for refurbishing a valve seat in a fuel injector assembly
US20090118718A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-07 Intralase, Inc. System and method for incising material
US10047710B2 (en) 2007-11-07 2018-08-14 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method for refurbishing a valve seat in a fuel injector assembly
CN102990506A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-03-27 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 喷油嘴喷孔的挤压研磨装置及方法
CN102990506B (zh) * 2012-12-04 2014-12-03 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 喷油嘴喷孔的挤压研磨装置及方法
US10490899B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2019-11-26 The Boeing Company Additive manufacturing for radio frequency hardware
US20150097746A1 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-09 The Boeing Company Additive Manufacturing for Radio Frequency Hardware
US9793613B2 (en) * 2013-10-09 2017-10-17 The Boeing Company Additive manufacturing for radio frequency hardware
EP3062961A4 (en) * 2013-10-28 2017-11-01 United Technologies Corporation System and method for polishing airfoils
US9764447B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-09-19 United Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for polishing airfoils
CN105500215A (zh) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-20 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种衬套类零件磨粒流去毛刺的加工方法
CN104476379A (zh) * 2014-12-03 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种喷油嘴挤压研磨系统
US10759018B2 (en) * 2015-08-25 2020-09-01 Sundaram-Clayton Limited Method and apparatus for machining a component
WO2018161442A1 (zh) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 上海普偌迈机电制造有限公司 一种用于液体加工的柱塞泵
CN106976009A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-07-25 南京航空航天大学 磨料流去除四通接口相贯孔毛刺用夹具
CN106976009B (zh) * 2017-05-26 2018-09-07 南京航空航天大学 磨料流去除四通接口相贯孔毛刺用夹具
CN110587467A (zh) * 2019-10-09 2019-12-20 无锡威孚马山油泵油嘴有限公司 一种柱塞套磨粒流油孔去毛刺装置
CN110802501A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-18 山东润通齿轮集团有限公司 一种模具流体抛光设备及其抛光方法
CN113953965A (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-01-21 东莞市普华精密机械有限公司 一种去除工件交叉孔披锋的设备
RU2859157C2 (ru) * 2022-06-13 2026-03-30 Aecc Шанхай Коммершал Эйркрафт Энджин Маньюфэкчуринг Ко., Лтд. Полировальное устройство, способ полирования и герметизирующая система

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2254660A1 (de) 1973-05-10
JPS4853392A (da) 1973-07-26
DE2254660C3 (de) 1979-06-21
GB1357056A (en) 1974-06-19
JPS5548941B2 (da) 1980-12-09
DE2254660B2 (de) 1978-11-02

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