US3837906A - Method of making a xerographic binder layer, and layer so prepared - Google Patents

Method of making a xerographic binder layer, and layer so prepared Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837906A
US3837906A US00298056A US29805672A US3837906A US 3837906 A US3837906 A US 3837906A US 00298056 A US00298056 A US 00298056A US 29805672 A US29805672 A US 29805672A US 3837906 A US3837906 A US 3837906A
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Prior art keywords
particles
glass
size
photoconductor
microns
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US00298056A
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English (en)
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R Jones
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
Priority to GB05530/68A priority Critical patent/GB1219329A/en
Priority to DE1772122A priority patent/DE1772122C3/de
Priority to CA104,682A priority patent/CA939204A/en
Priority to BE763392A priority patent/BE763392A/fr
Priority to GB5277/71A priority patent/GB1292425A/en
Priority to CH277471A priority patent/CH558554A/xx
Priority to AT163171A priority patent/AT319750B/de
Priority to DE19712108933 priority patent/DE2108933A1/de
Priority to FR7107568A priority patent/FR2114325A5/fr
Priority to NL7102650A priority patent/NL7102650A/xx
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US00298056A priority patent/US3837906A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3837906A publication Critical patent/US3837906A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
    • G03G5/085—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and being incorporated in an inorganic bonding material, e.g. glass-like layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to xerography and more specifically to a novel photosensitive member which employs a glass binder layer and a method of preparing such a member.
  • the art of xerography involves the use of a photosensitive element or plate containing a photoconductive insulating layer which is first uniformly electrostatically charged in order to sensitize its surface. The plate is then exposed to an image of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light, x-ray, or the like which selectively dissipates the charge in the exposed areas of the photoconductive insulator while leaving behind a latent electrostatic image in the non-exposed areas. This latent electrostatic image may then be developed and made visible by depositing a finely-divided, electroscopic marking particles on the surface of the photoconductive layer.
  • This concept was originally disclosed by Carlson in US. Pat. No. 2,297,691, and is further amplified and described by many related patents in the field.
  • vitreous selenium suffers from two serious disadvantages: (1) its spectral response is very largely limited to the blue or near ultra-violet range; and (2) the preparation of uniform films of vitreous selenium has required highly involved and critical processes, particularly processes involving the preparation of extremely clean substrates and the requirement of vacuum deposition techniques.
  • vitreous selenium layers are only meta-stable in that they are readily recrystallized to the inoperative crystalline form at temperatures only slightly in excess of those prevailing in conventional xerographic copying machines.
  • the particle size of the glass frit should be no more than 4 microns in diameter and that the photoconductor particle size may vary from 1 to 50 microns. A size of no more than about 1 micron is preferred for the photoconductor material. Corrsin, however, does not set forth any critical relationship between the glass frit and photoconductor particles.
  • the plates described by Corrsin generally have excellent physical characteristics in that they have specially smooth, tough surfaces adapted to easy cleaning and are unusually abrasion resistant. In order to produce a smooth surface, however, it is necessary to limit the percentage of photoconductive particles incorporated into the glass binder. Incorporation of a large proportion of photoconductor material produces a very rough surface which is not particularly suitable for reusable xerographic plates or drums. Additionally, since the plates are ordinarily made by mixing photoconductive particles with glass particles, followed by firing the glass, it is often difficult to obtain a uniform dispersion of the photoconductive particles throughout the glass binder.
  • a two-phase layer is produced having surface areas or zones which differ in their photoresponse properties, and particularly in their rate of discharging surface electrostatic charge in response to impinging radiation. Certain areas are photoconductive and will dissipate surface charge by photoconductivity in response to impinging radiation. Other areas or zones, however, are non-photoconductive, and though capable of accepting and maintaining an electrostatic charge for a sufiicient time to produce xerographic images, do not dissipate such surface charge by photoconductivity, but dissipate the charge by another mechanism, as yet not completely understood.
  • This characteristic of non-uniform or varying discharge rate across the surface of the photoreceptor promotes the retention of residual surface charge in areas where surface charge should be completely, or substantially completely, dissipated either by a photoconductive or nonphotoconductive mechanism, as the case may be.
  • Such a condition simultaneously decreases the resolution capability of the xerographic plate while substantially increasing the background density.
  • These areas result from matrix particles of a size which exceed the resolution capabilities of the development system.
  • the employment of matrix particles having a size close to that of the photoconductor, i.e., less than a factor of 5 difference in the mean diameter negates the desired geometry control and can result in the coalesence in firing of a number of these small particles into areas which are larger than the resolving capability of the development system. This result is analogous to the employment of larger matrix particles.
  • the dispersion of the photoconductor particles throughout the non-photoconductive glass matrix should be relatively uniform. Inasmuch as the glass matrix is substantially non-photoconducting, there is little or no charge transport within the glass matrix of photo-injected charge carriers which are generated by the photoconductor particles upon exposure to activating radiation. It has been found that in these binder systems, the photoconductor particles must be in substantial continuous particle-to-particle contact throughout the thickness of the binder layer in order to insure the charge dissipationnecessary for rapid cyclic operation. To insure particle-to-particle contact, however, a relatively high volume concentration of photoconductor is required.
  • This photoconductor concentration must be up to about 50 percent by volume, although some particleto-particle contact is observed at about 30 percent by volume.
  • One disadvantage of high photoconductor loadings is that the physical continuity of the glass matrix is destroyed, thereby significantly impairing the mechanical properties of the binder layer.
  • the optimum volume concentration ratio of photoconductor to glass binder material in these systems is therefore a compromise between photosensitivity and residual level on the one hand, and the mechanical properties on the other.
  • the actual optimum volume ratio for any specific system is dependent, in general, upon the particle size and density of the photoconductor and the density and rheological properties of the glass binder material in relation to the photoconductor.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method for the production of an improved glass binder xerographic plate.
  • Yet a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a glass binder xerographic plate having increased resolution capabilities while reducing background density.
  • an improved glass binder photoreceptor is attained by employing a non-photoconductive glass binder or a matrix material in particulate form having a critically con trolled size range, and physically mixing the glass particles with a particulate photoconductor material also having a certain critically controlled size range.
  • the glass matrix material and photoconductor particles are then formed into a permanent binder layer by fusing the glass particles together by heating to form a binder layer in which the dispersion of photoconductor particles is characterized by continuous paths of contacting photoconductor particles contained in a substantially continuous glass binder matrix.
  • the instant invention also allows for a wider latitude in the choice of both the giass binder material as well as the photoconductor.
  • the invention therefore eliminates the necessity to compromise between the electrical characteristics and mechanical properties of a xerographic binder layer, making these essentially independently controlled parameters.
  • a photoconductive binder layer is made by forming a particulate mixture of photoconductive particles having a size distribution of about 0.001 to 2.0 microns with an inorganic, non-photoconductive, glass frit having a size distribution of about 0.l to microns.
  • the photoconductor is present in a concentration from about 1 to 25 percent by volume.
  • the mixture is dispersed in a suitable fluid carrier, such as water, in which neither the photoconductor nor glass frit is soluble.
  • the dispersion or slurry is coated onto a bstrate and the carrier liquid allowed to evaporate.
  • Thedried layer is then heated to fuse the glass particles into a continuous glass matrix containing photoconductor particles in the form of continuous paths in particle-to-particle contact throughout the thickness of the glass binder layer.
  • the size of the glass particles should, in general, be at least about five times that of the photoconductor particles. This size relationship is necessary in order to force the photoconductor particles into the intersticies of the larger glass binder particles.
  • the larger glass particles are fused and coalesce into a continuous matrix having a plurality of continuous photoconductive paths contained in the glass matrix.
  • Binder layers of the controlled dispersion type described above exhibit a combination of electrical characteristics and mechanical properties which are superior to those of the glass binder systems as exemplified by the examples described in the above mentioned Corrsin patent.
  • FIG. I graphically illustrates the relationship between interstitial volume and varying glass matrix particle sizes.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of a photoconductive binder structure according to the instant invention.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a particulate dispersion suitable for forming the structure of FIG. 2A.
  • a photosensitive glass binder layer having a controlled geometry is achieved by utilizing a glass frit in particulate form with photoconductor particles significantly smaller in size than the glass particles, thereby forcing the photoconductor to occupy the interstitial space of the packed glass particles.
  • the larger glass particles are fused together to form a continuous glass matrix containing a network of photoconductive material in the form of a plurality of interlocking photoconductive paths throughout the glass matrix.
  • a coating cast from a dispersion of spherical matrix particles may be thought of as a system of closely packed spheres.
  • the interstitial volume of such a layer will depend therefore on the size distribution of the particles and the type of packing. Hexagonal close packing of monospheres would result, therefore, in an interstitial volume of 47 percent of the total volume.
  • Monospheres of a photoconductor material can be used to fill this 47 percent pore space without affecting the total volume, if the diameter of the photoconductor particles are sufficiently small in comparison to the diameter of the resin particles. If the packing of these photoconductor particles in the matrix pore space is also hexagonal-close-packed, the interstitial volume of the photoconductor will be in turn 47 percent of the total matrix interstitial volume.
  • the layer volume comprises glass matrix particles, and 50 percent of the remaining volume is filled with photoconductor, a photoconductor volume concentration of about 25 percent of the initial layer volume will result.
  • the volume concentration of the photoconductor particles in the layer is 33 percent. More importantly, in this situation all of the photoconductor particles are in electrical contact from the top surface of the layer to the substrate in the same manner as achieved at 50 percent volume loading in the uniform dispersion case. This amounts to a reduction in required photoconductor volume concentration of 33 percent.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the former effect where the pore volume can be reduced to about 17, 5, and 3 percent by utilizing glass matrix particles of vastly differing size having four. three, and two components, respectively. In these cases only about 8.5, 2.5 and 1.5 percent, respectively, by volume photoconductor would be necessary to form the desired continuous electronic pathways.
  • FIG. I also illustrates that a low interstitial volume is also obtained by increasing the number of different sizes of particles in the distribution. It would therefore be possible in the idealized case to form a matrix system with an interstitial volume of 3 percent (four components) which would require only 1.5 percent by volume photoconductor to achieve the maximum number of continuous pathways.
  • the optimum volume concentration of photoconductor to be employed in fabricating a photoreceptor is dependent therefore on the particle size, magnitude and type of size distribution, particle shape of both photoconductor and matrix, the size difference between the two, and the resolution capabilities of the xerographic development system. 1
  • a preferred maximum size for glass matrix particles is about 10 microns. Particles above about 10 microns result in some image background, although a material having a very wide size distribution is not detrimentally affected by a small percentage by number of particles as large as about microns.
  • the lower size limit of the matrix is again defined by the size of the photoconductor to be employed, but in a practical system would be in the range of about 0.1 micron.
  • the range of the photoconductor particle size would in turn be from about 0.001 to 2 microns depending on the magnitude and shape of the size distribution.
  • a particularly preferred size range which insures an optimum of both electrical characteristics and physical properties consists of a glass frit particle size of about 1 to 10 microns used in conjunction with a photoconductor particle size range of about 0.001 to l micron, while maintaining the mean or average particle size of the glass frit at least five times greater than the mean or average particle size of the photoconductor particles.
  • the matrix particles determine the number and spacing of chain or pathway ends per unit area in the light absorption region at the photoconductor surface.
  • the upper limit of the matrix particle size may not exceed the resolution capability of the xerographic development system used in conjunction with plates of the instant invention.
  • the photoconductor particle size must be enough smaller than the smallest matrix particle to occupy the interstitial volume in a packing of this smallest size.
  • the ratio of the size of the glass matrix particles to the photoconductive particles should therefore be at least about to l and preferably about 100 to 1 or greater as can be seen from FIG. 1.
  • the maximum size of glass frit particles which may be employed in the instant invention is dependent upon the resolution capabilities of the associated xerographic development system.
  • cascade development as described in US. Pat. Nos. 2,618,551, 2,618,552, and 2,638,416, can easily attain a resolution capability of about line pairs per millimeter, which corresponds to a dot approximately 33 microns in diameter; i.e., the minimum dot diameter which can be resolved by this development system. Therefore, the maximum size of binder particles which can be used in forming the matrix should be less than about 33 microns for cascade development.
  • the table below lists five representative development systems with their respective normally achieved resolution capability in line pairs per millimeter and in microns. It should be understood that similar determinations can be made for other xerographic development systems.
  • the glass binder particles should be maintained at about one half or less the diameter of the maximum size listed for each development system in Table I. At diameters of one half or less, the lowest background density possible is attained for images made from photoreceptors of the present invention. These values in microns are about l6, 12, 35, 25 and 4 for cascade, magnetic brush, liquid gravure, aqueous and powder cloud development systems, respectively. It should also be understood that even with this preferred embodiment, the ratio of the size of the glass to photoconductive particles should be at least about 5 to l, and preferably about 100 to 1 or greater.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of a xerographic binder plate 10 of the instant invention and comprises a binder layer 11 supported on substrate 12.
  • the binder layer 11 comprises photoconductive particles 13 dispersed in a non-uniform or controlled manner to form continuous paths throughout the binder layer thick ness, contained in a glass matrix 14.
  • the volume con centration for this illustration is about 10 percent.
  • the structure is formed from an initial dispersion of photo conductive particles having a mean size of 0.5 microns with a distribution of from 0.01 to 0.8 microns and a particulate binder material having a mean size of 5 microns with a distribution of about I to l2 microns.
  • This dispersion which is coated onto a supporting substrate, insures that continuous photoconductive paths are formed throughout the binder layer thickness.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates the particulate photoconductor-binder dispersion prior to forming the structure of FIG. 2A.
  • glass binder particles 14 are considerably larger than photoconductor particles i5 and are dis persed in a liquid carrier (not shown).
  • the dispersion is coated onto a supporting substrate 12 and the liquid carrier evaporated off.
  • the dried layer shown by FIG. 28 results in a series of larger glass binder particles having their interstices filled with relatively smaller photoconductive particles 15. it can be seen by FIG. 2B, which is representative of the instant invention, that the volume occupancy of the photoconductor particles is restricted to the interstices of the larger matrix binder particles.
  • the binder layers of the instant invention may utilize any suitable inorganic photoconductive material and mixtures thereof. These include in any suitable inorganic materials which are sold specifically as pigments, photoconductors, or phosphors.
  • Typical inorganic photoconductors suitable for use in the instant invention comprise cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfoselenide, cadmium selenide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, arsenic sulfide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, antimony trisulfide and mixtures thereof.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,151,982 to Corrsin provides a more complete listing of inorganic photoconductors which may be used in the instant invention.
  • Zinc oxide exhibits enhanced spectral response when sensitized with a suitable dye. It is also well known that increased photosensitivity is obtained when photoconductors such as cadmium sulfide are reacted with a very small amount of an activator material such as copper.
  • the photoconductor concentrations may vary from as low as about 1 percent by volume to about 25 percent by volume of the binder layer.
  • the glass binder may be broadly defined as a highly insulating fused inorganic non-photoconductive glass, and is made up in various combinations of the three types of basic oxides used in making frits: acidic, basic and neutral or amphoteric. These glasses are adequately defined in the patent to Corrsin mentioned above, and are made up from compositions generally selected from the ranges set forth in Table 11 below.
  • the glass binder layer may be supported on any conof the photoconductive particles (12 times), and furvenient electrical ground or backing plate.
  • Typical mather, that the largest glass particle 10 microns) is s costumerials include aluminum, brass, stainless steel, copper, nificantly below the resolving power of the cascade de- 4 nickel, zinc, or conductively coated glass.
  • velopment system which is 33 microns.
  • Example 11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED the largesthglass pagticclie isl still bilowtthe rclrlsplvipg EMBODIMENTS power 0 e casca e eve opmen sys em w ie e ratio of the mean glass particle size to that of the photo- T following Examples are given enable those sensitive particles has decreased to 8 to l,which is very skilled in the art to mo e c y undersland and W 40 close to the minimum ratio of at least 5 to 1.
  • Example 111 This is furl h mventlon' They Should considered not as a ther illustrated by Example 111 where the 5 to 1 ratio of limitation upon the scope of the invention but merely glass to photoconductor particles has not been as bemg lnustratwe thereof achieved.
  • Example IV and V while the ratio of glass EXAMPLES v to photoconductor particles of at least 5 to 1 has been maintained, the largest size glass particles (45 microns) exceed the 33 micron resolving power of the cascade development system.
  • the background density increases because of the deviation of the higher numbered examples from the particle size limitations of the present invention.
  • a mixture of glass binder particles having the composition of Sample 1 in Table III is ground to a particle size distribution of 0.1 to 45 microns using a Majac fluid energy mill. The mixture is separated into two fractions. One fraction is designated Example IV, and the remaining'fraction divided into four subfractions using an air classifier. These subfractions are designated Examples 1, 11,111, and V, respectively.
  • EXAMPLES V] X I. 1-10 microns (mean size by wt.
  • Examples I-V are repeated using the glass composition of Sample 2 in Table III and using the same particle size distribution except that these coatings are fired at i gg sg gz iizz zf g 1,100: for 3 minutes.
  • the results of Examples I-V are veri ie V. 10-45 microns (mean size by wt.
  • Xerographic plates and prints therefrom are prepared as in Examples l-V except that the dispersion is coated onto a flat stainless steel plate rather than a cylindrical drum. A comparison of the prints indicated that the lowest background density is obtained with Example Xi and that background density increases with increased Example number.
  • a coating slurry is prepared by first mixing 90 parts by volume of the glass composition of Sample 2 of Table III, having a mean size of 6 microns and a size distribution of about 3 to 8 microns, with parts by volume of photoconductive cadmium sulfoselenide, having a mean size of 0.5 microns and a size distribution of about 0.01 to 0.8 microns. Using alcohol as the dispersion medium, a coating slurry is formed with the glass and photoconductor particles. The slurry is then flow coated onto a 0.008 inch thick stainless steel sleeve 4 inches in diameter and 9 inches long to form a dried coating after firing of about 35 microns. The coating is dried at room temperature for 5 minutes and fired for 2 minutes at 677C.
  • the sleeve containing the photosensitive glass binder layer is then fitted over an aluminum drum blank 4 inches in diameter and 9 inches long to form a photosensitive glass binder drum.
  • the drum is then placed in a Xerox 813 Office Copier and cycled to form an image by the basic steps of charging, exposure to imaging light to form a latent electrostatic image, development of the image with toner particles, transfer of the image to a sheet of paper, and fixing the image to form a permanent copy.
  • the plate is cycled 60,000 times under varying humidity conditions of 20, 40, 60 and 85 percent relative humidity. Throughout the testing, the resolution, which was good, remained constant until about 60,000 copies. The image density also remained high throughout the cycling. In addition, the drum exhibited good resistance to machine wear, as compared to vitreous selenium which is less stable to such cycling conditions.
  • plates and drums of the instant invention exhibited high speed, good resolution and low background under cycling conditions and show marked improvement over similar glass binder photoreceptors which cannot insure the controlled geometry of the instant invention.
  • a method of making a xerographic binder layer which comprises:
  • a glass binder layer which is made by the method of claim 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US00298056A 1967-04-03 1972-10-16 Method of making a xerographic binder layer, and layer so prepared Expired - Lifetime US3837906A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB05530/68A GB1219329A (en) 1967-04-03 1968-04-01 Process for fabricating a photoconductor glass xerographic plate
DE1772122A DE1772122C3 (de) 1967-04-03 1968-04-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterials mit einem Glasbindemittel
CA104,682A CA939204A (en) 1967-04-03 1971-02-04 Photoreceptor binder layer and method
BE763392A BE763392A (fr) 1967-04-03 1971-02-24 Mode de formation de couche liante photoreceptrice
GB5277/71A GB1292425A (en) 1967-04-03 1971-02-24 Photosensitive glass binder layer comprising photoconductive particles
AT163171A AT319750B (de) 1967-04-03 1971-02-25 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lichtempfindlichen Schicht
CH277471A CH558554A (de) 1967-04-03 1971-02-25 Verfahren zur herstellung einer xerographischen glasbindemittelschicht.
DE19712108933 DE2108933A1 (de) 1967-04-03 1971-02-25 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer xerographischen Glasbindemittelschicht
FR7107568A FR2114325A5 (fr) 1967-04-03 1971-02-25
NL7102650A NL7102650A (fr) 1967-04-03 1971-02-26
US00298056A US3837906A (en) 1967-04-03 1972-10-16 Method of making a xerographic binder layer, and layer so prepared

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62766467A 1967-04-03 1967-04-03
US8884270A 1970-11-12 1970-11-12
US00298056A US3837906A (en) 1967-04-03 1972-10-16 Method of making a xerographic binder layer, and layer so prepared

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US3837906A true US3837906A (en) 1974-09-24

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US (1) US3837906A (fr)
AT (1) AT319750B (fr)
BE (1) BE763392A (fr)
CA (1) CA939204A (fr)
CH (1) CH558554A (fr)
DE (2) DE1772122C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2114325A5 (fr)
GB (2) GB1219329A (fr)
NL (1) NL7102650A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911091A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-10-07 Xerox Corp Milling trigonal selenium particles to improve xerographic performance
US3928036A (en) * 1974-10-29 1975-12-23 Xerox Corp Flexible xerographic photoreceptor element
US3989716A (en) * 1975-04-29 1976-11-02 The Mead Corporation Pyrrylfluoran compounds
US4015984A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-04-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Inorganic photoconductor in glass binds with glass overcoat layer
US4221855A (en) * 1975-10-02 1980-09-09 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic plate produced by firing glass binder containing inorganic photoconductor and high melting point inorganic additive in non-reducing atmosphere

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3151982A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-10-06 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate
US3198632A (en) * 1955-09-30 1965-08-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrophotography
US3460476A (en) * 1965-12-27 1969-08-12 Xerox Corp Imaging process
US3507646A (en) * 1965-12-27 1970-04-21 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic process using a single phase photoconductive glass imaging layer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198632A (en) * 1955-09-30 1965-08-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrophotography
US3151982A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-10-06 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate
US3460476A (en) * 1965-12-27 1969-08-12 Xerox Corp Imaging process
US3507646A (en) * 1965-12-27 1970-04-21 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic process using a single phase photoconductive glass imaging layer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015984A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-04-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Inorganic photoconductor in glass binds with glass overcoat layer
US3911091A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-10-07 Xerox Corp Milling trigonal selenium particles to improve xerographic performance
US3928036A (en) * 1974-10-29 1975-12-23 Xerox Corp Flexible xerographic photoreceptor element
US3989716A (en) * 1975-04-29 1976-11-02 The Mead Corporation Pyrrylfluoran compounds
US4221855A (en) * 1975-10-02 1980-09-09 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic plate produced by firing glass binder containing inorganic photoconductor and high melting point inorganic additive in non-reducing atmosphere

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DE2108933A1 (de) 1972-05-18
CA939204A (en) 1974-01-01
AT319750B (de) 1975-01-10
BE763392A (fr) 1971-08-24
NL7102650A (fr) 1972-05-16
CH558554A (de) 1975-01-31
GB1292425A (en) 1972-10-11
DE1772122C3 (de) 1978-08-03
GB1219329A (en) 1971-01-13
FR2114325A5 (fr) 1972-06-30
DE1772122A1 (de) 1971-02-18
DE1772122B2 (de) 1977-12-08

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