US3842796A - Apparatus for treating materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for treating materials Download PDF

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US3842796A
US3842796A US00327460A US32746073A US3842796A US 3842796 A US3842796 A US 3842796A US 00327460 A US00327460 A US 00327460A US 32746073 A US32746073 A US 32746073A US 3842796 A US3842796 A US 3842796A
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Prior art keywords
vessel
treatment chamber
amplifying
fluid
treatment
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E Hilditch
C Nightingale
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Cuprinol Ltd
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Cuprinol Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/04—Impregnating in open tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Means for determining the amount of impregnant consumed includes a vacuum immersion chamber, a reservoir for treating fluid and an amplifying vessel communicating the reservoir to the treatment chamber. Means transfer a measured amount of treating fluid from the reservoir to the treatment chamber andafter treatment return the remainder of the fluid to the vessel. Means associated with the vessel indicates the amount of fluid consumed during the treating operation.
  • this invention relates to a single machine in which all or any of the following processes for wood preservation may be carried out:
  • Vacuum Treatment whereby the wood to be treated is subjected to a vacuum to remove air from within the wood prior to immersion in the preservation fluid. Atmospheric pressure is restored only after the timber is immersed in the fluid whereupon preservative fluid is drawn into the timber. Alternatively, release of vacuum while the timber is immersed in the fluid may only be partial, final release occurring after the timber has been removed from the fluid. This process can be used to obtain deep penetrations and high preservative loadings, particularly in permeable timbers.
  • Double Vacuum Treatment whereby the wood to be treated is first subjected to a vacuum to remove air from within the wood, subsequent immersion of the wood in the preservative fluid, the vacuum being maintained until immersion is complete. On complete or partial release of the vacuum, preservative fluid is drawn into the wood. The wood is next removed from the preservative fluid and a second vacuum is drawn to remove part of the absorbed preservative fluid.
  • a method of treatment is used for joinery, cladding and other timbers and is claimed to give increased penetra. tion for a given preservative absorption when compared to a simple immersion treatment.
  • the present invention provides apparatus for treating materials, which apparatus comprises a treatment chamber having a lower part for containing a treating fluid, and an upper part, means for supporting the material to be treated, means for moving the supporting means between the upper and lower parts of the treatment chamber, a port providing access to the upper part of the chamber and means for altering the pressure within the treatment chamber relative to ambient pressure.
  • apparatus While in its preferred embodiment, apparatus according to this invention will, for economic reasons, normally be constructed so as to be usable only under atmospheric pressure, vacuum or a low positive pressure, provided that suitably strong construction is employed and suitable pumps provided, this apparatus may equally well be used for application of fluids by processes involving pressure, for instance, those wood preservation processes normally referred to as the Bethell, Lowry or Reuping processes, or any of the many variations thereof.
  • Such apparatus is not restricted as to the type of fluid which it may be used to apply; for instance, it can equally well be used to apply wood preservatives of the organic solvent type, such as solutions of copper naphthenate, zinc naphthenate, pentachlorophenol, tributyl tin oxide, lindane or dieldrin, or other commonly used chemicals in an organic solvent such as white spirit, petrole um distillate or coal tar naphtha, or creosote or other coal tar oils, or water-borne materials such as copper-chrome-arsenic salts such as are described in British Standard 4072 1966 or any of the many other compositions that have been used in wood preservation.
  • Other materials which can be applied to wood are solutions of fire retardants, water repellents, resins, or
  • resin monomers which may subsequently be polymerized, and dyes, stains or other colourants.
  • Timber which may be impregnated in this apparatus may be in any form and may include converted timbers such as are normally used in buildings or in civil engineering or in any wood fabrication industry. They may either be rough sawn or prepared, may be fabricated component parts, e.g., window frames or door parts or may be assembled items, e.g., window frames. They may be round timbers such as'fence or transmission posts, small wooden articles or components, or woodbased sheet material, e.g., plywood, blockboard etc. Laminated structures, fibreboards such as chipboard, hardboard or insulation board may also be treated in this apparatus. I
  • This apparatus may also be used to impregnate textiles, rope, yarn, cordage or any other material with fluids or solutions designed to confer a variety of beneficial properties prominent amongst which are resistance to fungal or insect attack (including moths), fire retardancy, water repellency, stiffness, softness, crease resistance or colour. 7
  • the advantage of the present invention lies in the flexibility with which different processes maybe carried out within the same apparatus, and, with certain types of processes where several stages are involved, in that the transfer from one stage to the next can be accomplished much morerapidly than in conventional equipment with a consequent reduction in total cycle time, enabling treating chamber.
  • this fluid When it becomes necessary to immerse the timber in the preservative fluid, this fluid must be transferred from the holding tank to the treating chamber.
  • the rate of transfer is limited, both by mechanical transfer considerations such as pump capacity, pipe diameter etc., and by the necessity to maintain a vacuum within the treating cylinder while transference is in progress. Commonly this operation takes minutes or more.
  • the timber is loaded onto a support, e.g., into a cage, held in the upper portion of a single chamber, the treating, e.g., preservative, fluid being held in the lower portion of this same chamber.
  • the initial vacuum is pulled on the whole chamber and immersion of the timber is effected simply by lowering the cage into the fluid. This operation typically takes half a minute or less and is much quicker than can be effected in even the most efficient of the conventional plants.
  • An additional advantage of the present apparatus over those commonly used for treatments involving vacuum or pressure is that there is only a small difference in the times for which timbers at the top and bottom of the load are immersed.
  • the lowest timbers become immersed in the fluid first and are removed from the fluid last.
  • the times to effect total immersion in the two plants already referred to if a treatment schedule calls for immersion of all timbers for 5 minutes (which must be measured according to the immersion of the top timbers) then in a conventional plant the bottom timbers in the charge can have been immersed in the fluid for a period exceeding 25 minutes; whereas in an apparatus according to this invention, they would typically have been immersed for only 6 minutes.
  • This advantage is of greatest benefit when carrying out double vacuum treatments or when a plant primarily designed for a vacuum treatment is used for simple immersion treatments (see Examples 2 and 4).
  • a similar saving in time is, however, also effected when equipment is used for pressure or vacuum pressure treatments, although with total treating schedules normally of 4 to 6 hours the proportionate saving in time is correspondingly less.
  • the timber When used for immersion treatments the timber is loaded into the cage as before, which is immediately lowered without any need for any fluid transfer.
  • the total cycle time including loading, unloading etc., for a treatment in which the timber is kept fully immersed for three minutes is about 5 minutes, a performance fully comparable with the most efficient of the machines designed specifically for, and used only for immersion treatments.
  • a conventional double vacuum plant is used for such an immersion treatment,
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with some hidden parts shown dotted, of apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of valves
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are sectional side elevations with the cage in the up and the down position respectively.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are sectional end elevations corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are sectional end elevations corresponding to FIGS. 5 and 6 of an alternative form of the apparatus of the invention.
  • the machine consists of a tank or chamber 1 which may be cylindrical or rectangular or shaped to suit any special requirement.
  • This chamber is constructed to have adequate strength for its intended processes.
  • the chamber will be constructed so as to operate safely at a vacuum up to about 710 mm (28 inches) mercury gauge.
  • this cage has a sufficiently open base, sides and top to allow free passage of fluid.
  • This cage is usually but not necessarily of a square or rectangular crosssection and is of such a size that it can be held fully raised out of the fluid which is held in the lower portion of the tank, and also fully immersed in this fluid (as illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6).
  • the cage and the load contained in it must be fully immersed in the fluid. This full immersion may result from the depth of liquid in the bottom of the treating chamber being greater than the depth of the cage or alternatively, the depth of liquid may be less than the depth of the cage but full immersion still achieved because of the displacement of the fluid by the cage and load.
  • a port or door 5 is fitted in the top of one of the end walls of the main treating chamber, and aligns with the end of the cage 2 when it is in the raised position.
  • the cage is fitted with rails so that the material to be treated can be loaded on trolleys and simply loaded through the door 5 into the cage 2.
  • a second door may be fitted in the other end of the cylinder to allow loading and unloading from either end.
  • the lower edge of the door (as in FIG. 3) may be well above the static liquid level (LI) and also above the level to which the liquid is displaced by the cage and full load. With this construction the door need not be closed when the apparatus is used for simple immersion or any other process not involving vacuum or pressure. Alternatively, the lower edge of the door may be almost as low as the static liquid level (Ll) in which case the door must always be closed before the cage is lowered.
  • Raising and lowering of the cage is effected by jacks 6 operated usually from above.
  • the number of jacks may vary from two up to any required number. Commonly two jacks would be used for apparatus of less than 5.5 meters l 8 feet) length; three or four for apparatus between about this length and 12.2 meters (40 feet) with correspondingly more for longer plants.
  • the invention is not intended to be limited as to the number of jacks illustrated.
  • jacks may take the form of any of the known methods of raising or lowering items; particularly they may be screw jacks electrically or mechanically operated, or may be hydraulic or pneumatic rams. Jacks may operate directly onto the cage or may be connected to it through chains or cables running on pulleys. A counterweight may be used to reduce the load on the jacks and while it is envisaged that jacks will normally operate from above, it is to be understood that the use of lifting devices working from below is not excluded.
  • the apparatus for use with processes involving vacuum, is provided with a vacuum pump (not shown) capable of achieving the highest vacuum required for the process connected into the top of the treating chamber by pipe 7.'
  • the apparatus when used for a process requiring pressure, is provided with an air pressure pump of suitable capac--
  • the machine may be fitted with a measuring device to enable measurements to be made of the amount of fluid absorbed by the material being treated.
  • the amount of fluid taken up can be determined by measuring the volume of fluid in the base of the treating chamber, and although this can be done by measuring the changes in the level by means of a simple sight glass or series of level sensors, it is preferred-to fit a separate amplifying vessel 8. The details and operation of this measuring device are described more fully below.
  • the main chamber is connected to a holding tank 13, through the amplifying vessel 8 where fitted, from which the fluid in the chamber may be replenished.
  • the apparatus is provided with a series of vacuum or if required, pressure release valves. These may be adjustable but it is preferred to employ preset release valves set to vent when a predetermined vacuum or pressure is attained. A simple on/off valve is fitted be tween the chamber and each vacuum release valve so that they can be sealed off from operation. Alternatively, vacuum or pressure release may be effected by providing a series of pressure sensitive switches which will cause an open/closed valve venting to atmosphere to open or close as necessary to maintain the vacuum/- pressure to which the switch has been set. The manner of operation of these valves is made clear in the succeeding example.
  • valves or switches may be fitted into the main treating chamber anywhere above the fluid level, or may be fitted into a pipe or chamber which is connected directly to it, or may be situated on a control panel at some distance from the treating chamber and connected to it by a pipe or tube.
  • the vacuum release valves and associated on/off valves are not shown on FIG. 1 but are represented diagrammatically in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 as a joint unit SVl, SV2, SV3 and SV4).
  • the number of such valves referred to are appropriate to conduction of double vacuum or similar treatments of timber, but it will be apparent that for alternative processes a greater or smaller number of such valves may be fitted.
  • Air valves (MVl an MV2) can be fitted into pipe line 7 to control the application of vacuum or pressure to the treating chamber 1 and the amplifying vessel 8.
  • Fluid transfer valves (MV3 and MV4) are fitted to control the transfer of fluid between the amplifying vessel and the treating chamber and from the holding tank to the amplifying vessel.
  • these and all other valves are electrically operated valves. Their operation is then controlled automatically by a series of electronic relays, time clocks, position and pressure switches (as described in Examples 3 and 4). In another preferred embodiment these valves may be pneumatically operated and the whole process of the operation may be controlled through appropriate pneumatic switches etc. It will also be obvious that the processes described could be carried out with equal efficiency even if less conveniently when the apparatus is fitted only with'manual control valves.
  • Apparatus according to this invention may additionally be fitted with steam, electrical, or other heating elements to enable operation to be carried out at an elevated temperature.
  • the machine is preferably installed with its lower part sunk into the ground, so that load trolleys may be conveniently run in at ground level. This is shown in FIG. 1 where the plane 0000 represents ground level. Such installation is, however, in no way essential to the operation of this invention.
  • the amount of fluid absorbed into the treated material can be obtained by measuring the difference in volume in the fluid in the lower portion of the treating chamber before and after treatment, but because the amount of fluid absorbed into a single charge is only a very small proportion of the total fluid and consequently only caused a small change in level, measurements of the change in volume made by measuring the change in level are insufficiently accurate for most purposes.
  • the amplifying vessel enables changes in the volume of fluid utilized to be measured more accurately.
  • This vessel 8 is a tall cylinder of relatively small diameter, so that small changes in volume correspond to quite a large change in level.
  • Level measuring devices are then attached to this cylinder. Any of the well-known methods may be used; examples are a simple sight glass, float-type gauges or a series of level sensors. These may be connected to a recorder and level actuated switches may be inserted at different levels.
  • the amplifying vessel need not be cylindrical in shape, but may be of any desired cross section, square, rectangular, pentangular, etc., so long as the ratio of height to cross section is such that small changes in volume give a large change in level. If, for any purpose, it is desired to make very accurate measurements when the total absorption is small, but relatively inaccurate measurements suffice when it is larger, or if it is desired to maintain the same relative percentage accuracy over the whole range, then the amplifying vessel need not have parallel sides but may assume a conical or similar shape.
  • the amplifying vessel may be completely separate from the main treating chamber, but it may equally well be fixed onto it or may even be fabricated as an integral part of the whole apparatus. It may be positioned at any convenient place around the treating chamber.
  • the amplifying vessel 8 is connected at its lower end by pipe 9 to the end or side of the treating chamber.
  • Pipe 9 joins the treating chamber at level L1 which corresponds to the level of fluid in the chamber both before and after treatment (as illustrated below).
  • the joint between pipe 9 and the treating chamber must allow free flow of liquid to achieve level L1 sufficiently quickly.
  • One fabrication that has been found suitable is for pipe 9 to enter below L1 and to extend or bend so as to terminate as L1 in a horizontally machined end, this end being smooth and preferably knife-edged.
  • the pipe may join an open box with one or more knife edges, these edges being horizontal at L1.
  • the amplifying vessel is also joined to a holding or storage tank 13 through pipe 12, the flow of fluid being controlled by valve MV4.
  • the amplifying vessel is constructed so as to withstand vacuum and is fitted with a vent SV4. With SV4 open, pressure inside the amplifying vessel is restored to atmospheric.
  • the amplifying vessel is provided with three level switches: A fitted towards the top representing the upper level of fluid; C fitted at the bottom representing the lower level of fluid; and which B may be adjustable between A and C or may alternatively take the form of several level switches positioned at different heights, one of these being selected for use in each particular treatment in accordance with the principles outlined in the examples.
  • the amplifying vessel may be provided with a float switch actuating electrical circuits, levels A, B and C being fixed, adjusted and indicated or recorded by appropriate controls or instruments fitted into these electrical circuits.
  • the size of the amplifying vessel must be such that the total volume measured by the difference between levels A and C is greater than the maximum volume of fluid which will be taken up by a charge of the material to be treated.
  • the preferred positioning of the amplifying vessel in relation to the treating chamber is such that level C is higher than L1 so that either fluid may be transferred from the amplifying vessel to the treating chamber by means of gravity or if C is below L1 that the difference in levels is sufficiently small for fluid to be drawn from the amplifying cylinder into the main treating chamber by vacuum applied to the treating chamber as described in the examples below.
  • a pump 10 is usually provided in the line connecting the amplifying cylinder to the treating chamber to transfer fluid back from the treating chamber to the amplifying cylinder. This pump may also be used in reverse for the initial transfer or fluid from the amplifying cylinder to the treating chamber. Pump 10 can, however, be omitted and both transfers effected by applying differential vacuums.
  • the holding tank 13 may be a separate tank (as shown in FIG. 2)but a convenient and beneficial arrangement particularly with a cylindrical treating chamber is to partition off the two sides of the chamber on either sides of the cage and to use these sides as the holding tank. This is represented in section in FIGS. 7 and 8, XX and YY' being bulkheads and 15 and 16 then being holding tanks. The benefits of this arrangement are that both the amount of fluid which must be held for treating and the amount of air that must be evacuated is reduced.
  • a pump (14) is normally incorporated in pipe 12 connecting the holding tank to the amplifying vessel but if with a separate storage tank levels are such as to allow flow under gravity from the storage tank to the amplifying cylinder, pump 14 may be omitted.
  • the operation of the amplifying vessel is similar for all treatment processes, and is illustrated in Example 1.
  • the treating chamber is filled with fluid to level L1. Commonly this will be the state in which the chamber was left after the previous treatment. If not however, fluid is allowed to flow from the holding tank through the amplifying vessel into the treating chamber by holding both valves MV3 and MV4 open, any excess fluid in the vessel above L1 being withdrawn into the amplifying vessel, as described in the later stages of this example.
  • valve MV3 is closed; valve MV4 is open and fluid is transferred from the storage tank 13 until the fluid reaches the high level A in the amplifying vessel.
  • a level switch positioned at level A causes MV4 to close and opens MV3 allowing the fluid from the amplifying vessel 8 to flow into the treating chamber 1. (It is assumed in this example that positioning of the amplifying vessel 8 and the holding tank 13 is such as to allow flow under gravity from 13 to 8, from 8 to 1. If this is not so, transfer is effected by operating pumps 10 and 14 at the appropriate stage). During this transfer vent SV4 is open. When the fluid level falls to C a level switch causes MV3 and SV4 to close.
  • the transfer may be effected by applying a vacuum to the vessel into which the fluid is to be drawn.
  • reference to level switches includes any suitable levelling device especially those previously referred to.
  • All fluid in the treating chamber above L1 is now caused to flow into the amplifying vessel (this operation may be carried out by use of pump 10, if fitted).
  • the fluid level in the amplifying vessel 8 will have risen above C to B.
  • B is below A and the volume corresponding to the difference between levels A and B is the volume of fluid absorbed by the material during treatment.
  • level B may either simply be measured for record purposes or alternatively, level B can be preselected so that the difference between A and B corresponds to the amount of fluid with which it is desired to impregnate the material being treated; that fluid may be transferred from the treating chamber 1 to the amplifying vessel 8 continuously during the final recovery cycle and the whole treatment terminated when the fluid rises to level B.
  • level B may be preselected so that the difference between A and B corresponds to the amount of fluid with which it is desired to impregnate the material being treated; that fluid may be transferred from the treating chamber 1 to the amplifying vessel 8 continuously during the final recovery cycle and the whole treatment terminated when the fluid rises to level B.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Treatment of Baltic Redwood (Pinus Sylvestris) with an Organic Solvent Type Wood Preservative Containing Pentachlorophenol by a Double Vacuum Process
  • An automatic plant is used; it is equipped with three time switches, T1, T2, T3., T1 controls the duration of the first vacuum stage, T2 the period for which the timber remains immersed in the fluid and T3 the duration of the final vacuum stage.
  • Three vacuum release valves are provided SVl, SV2 and SV3 on the treatment chamber and one, SV4 on the amplifying vessel.
  • SVl is set so that when open it vents at the vacuum required during the first vacuum stage.
  • SV2 when open vents at the vacuum required during the final vacuum stage.
  • SV3 and SV4 when open both vent directly to atmospheric pressure.
  • This example illustrates the use of an apparatus in which the vacuum vents are set at predetermined levels on manufacture, and where the operator causes more or less fluid to be absorbed by the material being treated by varying the duration of the different time cycles.
  • Such variations could, however, equally be obtained by providing adjustable vents and varying the magnitude of the different vacuum.
  • SVl is set to vent when a vacuum of 381 mm (15 inches) mercury gauge has been reached, and SV2 at 635 mm (25 inches) mercury gauge.
  • Door 5 is open; timber previously loaded on trolleys is run into cage 2; door 5 is closed.
  • Time clock T1 is set, typically at 10 minutes, time clock T2 at 5 minutes and time clock T3 at 20 minutes.
  • a starter button is pressed, whereupon the plant proceeds through the following operations:
  • MV4 opens, MV2 opens, vacuum pump starts.
  • Fluid is drawn from the holding tank 13 into the amplifying vessel 8 until the fluid level reaches A.
  • Level sensor at A causes MV2, MV4 to close; MVl, MV3, SV4 to open.
  • Lever sensor in the amplifying vessel at C causes MV3, SV4 to close; SVl to become operative.
  • time clock Tl actuates the cage lowering mechanism 6 and cage 2 is lowered into the treating fluid, taking up the position shown in FIGS. 4, 6 and 8 (fluid level rises above Ll due to displacement). Vacuum pump stops.
  • a lower positional switch (not shown) is activated when cage 2 reaches the low position shown in FIG. 4, which causes SV3 to open allowing pressure to fall to atmospheric, SVl to close and actuates the time clock T2 (it is assumed that restoration to atmospheric pressure is rapid; if, for any process, it is slow, then T2 is actuated by an additional pressure switch-which only operates when atmospheric pressure or any other low required vacuum is reached);
  • Cage remains in position of FIG. 4, i.e., timber remains immersed in preservative fluid at atmospheric pressure until expiry of the time period minutes) set on T2. During this period fluid is drawn into the timber by the vacuum which was created inside the timber.
  • time clock T2 actuates the lifting mechanism 6 and cage 2 is raised to its upper position as shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7.
  • SV3 closes, vacuum pump starts; MV2, MV3 open (MVl remains open); SV2 becomes operative.
  • the vacuum within treating chamber 1 remains constant. Excess fluid is drawn out of the wood.
  • the vacuum pump acts both on the treating chamber 1 and the amplifying vessel 8.
  • the amplifying vessel is not at this stage vented so that the higher vacuum within the amplifying vessel draws any fluid which rises above level L1 in the treating chamber into the amplifying vessel.
  • the total treatment time is between 40 and 45 minutes and is thus approximately 20 minutes shorter than would be expected in a conventional double vacuum machine carrying out the same treatment.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Treatment of Baltic Redwood (Pinus Sylvestris) with an Organic Solvent Type Wood Preservative Containing Pentachlorophenol by a Double Vacuum Process
  • the treatment here described is similar to that of Example 2 except that the automatic plant is equipped with pressure switches PS1 and PS2 set for vacuums of 330 and 635 mm (l3 and 25 inches) mercury gauge, respectively, both operating a single vent valve V1 which vents the treating chamber to atmosphere.
  • Pump is provided and is used to transfer fluid from the treating chamber to the amplifying cylinder and the initial filling of the amplifying cylinder is carried out as a separate operation to the main treatment cycle. Valves MVl, MV2 are omitted.
  • Time clocks are set, for example T1 at 20 minutes, T2 at 15 minutes and T3 at 10 minutes.
  • Liquid is pumped from holding tank to amplifying cylinder until level A is reached.
  • Float gauge fitted to the amplifying cylinder causes pump 14 to stop, valves MV4, SV4 to close.
  • topping up operation is here described as occurring after the load has been charged into the treating chamber, with operation as here described it may equally well be carried out before or simultaneously with loading.
  • the treatment cycle starter button is now pressed whereupon the plant proceeds through the following operations:
  • MV3 opens, vacuum pump starts, SV4 opens.
  • Fluid is drawn from the amplifying cylinder 8 into the treating chamber 1 until the fluid level in the amplifying cylinder falls to C.
  • Float gauge in the amplifying cylinder causes MV3, SV4 to close; PS1 becomes operative.
  • PS1 When a vacuum of 330 mm (13 inches) mercury gauge is first reached, PS1 starts time clock T1. Subsequent operation of PS1 do not affect T1.
  • time clock T1 actuates the cage lowering mechanism 6 and cage 2 is lowered into the treating fluid taking the position shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 (fluid level rises above Ll due to displacement); vacuum pump stops.
  • a lower positional switch (not shown) is activated when cage 2 reaches the low position as shown in FIG. 4 which causes V1 to open, allowing the pressure to fall to atmospheric, PS1 to cease to be operational and actuates time clock T2.
  • Cage remains in position at FIG. 4, i.e., timber remains immersed in preservative fluid at atmospheric pressure until expiry of the time period (15 minutes) set on T2. During this period fluid is drawn into the timber by the vacuum which was created inside the timber.
  • time clock T2 actuates the lifting mechanism 6 and cage 2 is raised to its upper position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5; V1 closes, vacuum pump starts, MV3 opens and PS2 becomes operative; pump starts up, time clock T3 starts.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Treatment of Baltic Redwood (Pinus Sylvestris) with an Organic Solvent Type Wood Preservative Containing Copper Naphthenate by Total Immersion for Three Minutes The same machine as in Example 1 is used.
  • Time clock T2 is set to the time for which the timber is to be immersed 3 minutes. Clocks T11 and T3 need not be set.
  • the lowering mechanism 6 operates and cage 2 drops to the position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the total cycle time for immersion such as here described is 4 to 5 minutes, an efficiency fully equal to that of the best machines designed and operated solely for immersion treatment.
  • Apparatus for the treatment of wood, textiles, rope and cordage which apparatus comprises: a treatment chamber having a lower part for containing a treating liquidyand an upper part; a support for material to be treated; means connected to said support for moving said support from the upper to the lower part of the treatment chamber, so as to immerse material on the support in a treating flmfi entrained in'the lowe rpar t of the treatment chamber and for returning the support to the upper part of the treatment chamber; a port in said treatment chamber for access to the upper part of the treatment chamber for loading material onto and unloading material from, the support when the support is in the upper part of the treatment chamber; means coupled tosaid treatment chamber for altering the pressure within the treatment chamber relative to ambient pressure; a holding tank for holding a reserve supply of treatment-liquid; and an amplifying vessel coupled between the holding tank and the treatment chamber, said amplifying vessel being of small horizontal cross-section relative to the treatment chamber, and having a capacity at least equal to the largest volume of treatment

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US00327460A 1972-02-07 1973-01-29 Apparatus for treating materials Expired - Lifetime US3842796A (en)

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GB567672A GB1416428A (en) 1972-02-07 1972-02-07 Apparatus and method for treating materials

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AT (1) AT355793B (da)
BE (1) BE795069A (da)
CA (1) CA982359A (da)
DE (1) DE2305905C2 (da)
DK (1) DK145486C (da)
GB (1) GB1416428A (da)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4233929A (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-11-18 Protim International Limited Apparatus for the treatment of timber
US4632026A (en) * 1983-05-10 1986-12-30 Hisaka Works, Ltd. Tray pressing device in a retort sterilizer for cooking foods
US5232124A (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-08-03 Advanced Monobloc Corporation Pressure relief device and method
US5597412A (en) * 1995-02-15 1997-01-28 Fujitsu Limited Apparatus for forcing plating solution into via openings
US20040089231A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Gilmore Christopher D. Component impregnation
US20050076838A1 (en) * 2003-10-11 2005-04-14 Siegfried Seifer Method for the gentle conveyance of sensitive adhesives and an arrangement for performing such a method
CN102029636A (zh) * 2010-11-16 2011-04-27 彭建家 一种环保型强化竹木制品的生产方法
CN104741184A (zh) * 2015-04-20 2015-07-01 李明科 一种球磨机冷却液罐
CN106393338A (zh) * 2016-08-02 2017-02-15 南京博俊新材料有限公司 用于木材改性的浸没式反应釜
DE102017206315A1 (de) 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Imprägnierverfahren
CN115519639A (zh) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-27 江西元正木业有限公司 一种木制家具部件玉化效果处理装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0906146D0 (en) 2009-04-09 2009-05-20 Kebony Asa Apparatus and operating systems for manufacturing impregnated wood
GB0906989D0 (en) 2009-04-23 2009-06-03 Kebony Asa Decking

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE117821C (da) *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4233929A (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-11-18 Protim International Limited Apparatus for the treatment of timber
US4632026A (en) * 1983-05-10 1986-12-30 Hisaka Works, Ltd. Tray pressing device in a retort sterilizer for cooking foods
US5232124A (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-08-03 Advanced Monobloc Corporation Pressure relief device and method
US5597412A (en) * 1995-02-15 1997-01-28 Fujitsu Limited Apparatus for forcing plating solution into via openings
US20040089231A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Gilmore Christopher D. Component impregnation
US6913650B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2005-07-05 Godfrey & Wing, Inc. Component impregnation
US20050160975A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2005-07-28 Godfrey & Wing, Inc. Component impregnation
US20080038469A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2008-02-14 Gilmore Christopher D Component impregnation
US7503976B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2009-03-17 Godfrey & Wing, Inc. Component impregnation
US20050076838A1 (en) * 2003-10-11 2005-04-14 Siegfried Seifer Method for the gentle conveyance of sensitive adhesives and an arrangement for performing such a method
CN102029636A (zh) * 2010-11-16 2011-04-27 彭建家 一种环保型强化竹木制品的生产方法
CN102029636B (zh) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-09 彭建家 一种环保型强化竹木制品的生产方法
CN104741184A (zh) * 2015-04-20 2015-07-01 李明科 一种球磨机冷却液罐
CN106393338A (zh) * 2016-08-02 2017-02-15 南京博俊新材料有限公司 用于木材改性的浸没式反应釜
CN106393338B (zh) * 2016-08-02 2018-03-13 南京博俊新材料有限公司 用于木材改性的浸没式反应釜
DE102017206315A1 (de) 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Imprägnierverfahren
US20180298486A1 (en) * 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Impregnation method
US10837099B2 (en) * 2017-04-12 2020-11-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Impregnation method
CN115519639A (zh) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-27 江西元正木业有限公司 一种木制家具部件玉化效果处理装置
CN115519639B (zh) * 2022-09-23 2024-01-30 江西元正木业有限公司 一种木制家具部件玉化效果处理装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2305905C2 (de) 1982-06-09
AT355793B (de) 1980-03-25
DK145486C (da) 1983-05-02
BE795069A (fr) 1973-08-17
DE2305905A1 (de) 1973-08-30
ATA93073A (de) 1979-08-15
CA982359A (en) 1976-01-27
AU5171073A (en) 1974-08-08
GB1416428A (en) 1975-12-03
DK145486B (da) 1982-11-29

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