US3849743A - Directional quarterwave coaxial coupler having means to axially move the coupling conductors - Google Patents

Directional quarterwave coaxial coupler having means to axially move the coupling conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849743A
US3849743A US00400658A US40065873A US3849743A US 3849743 A US3849743 A US 3849743A US 00400658 A US00400658 A US 00400658A US 40065873 A US40065873 A US 40065873A US 3849743 A US3849743 A US 3849743A
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main
branch
conductor
conductors
bore
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00400658A
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English (en)
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L Treczka
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Spinner GmbH
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Spinner GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/183—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers at least one of the guides being a coaxial line

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Gensler Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence 5 7] ABSTRACT
  • the specification describes a directional coaxial coupler with a coupling range of two mutually parallel lines in a common external line, whose coupling length amounts to Lambda/4.
  • An external line is coordinated with the internal lines extending from the bend.
  • the invention relates to a coaxial directional coupling with a coupling zone of two mutually parallel lines in a common outer line, whose coupling length amounts to Lambda/4.
  • Prior Art Prior art directional couplings have been manufactured with a directional ratio of 40 and 45 dB respectively for a frequency range of f to f, of 1:2. This directional ratio is, however, not sufficient for many measurements.
  • Directional couplings for measuring purposes are preferably manufactured with a coupling damping of dB.
  • the length of the coupling zone for the mean operational frequency is equal to Lambda/mean/4.
  • the coupling length can be adjusted by the arrangement at an angle of one respective line.
  • dispersion or loss coupling effects occur owing to the bending of the angle internal line.
  • These dispersion coupling effects of the electric and magnetic field have a disadvantageous effect as regards a satisfactory directional ratio. Without adopting special measures at this edge zone it is only possible to achieve a directional ratio of approximately 40 dB.
  • One aim of the invention is to provide a coaxial Lambda/4 directional coupler with an improved directional ratio while at the same time achieving a good reflection factor in the frequency range between 450 and 5,000 MHz.
  • this aim is achieved in accordance with the invention in that the internal lines extending away from a right angle bend are provided with an external line or duct as well.
  • This external line which can be separately inserted makes possible the field separation of the two coupled lines at the position adjacent to the angled or bent internal line segments.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce directional couplings with a directional ratio of more than 50 dB and to keep the passage reflection factor less than 1.5 percent.
  • the disturbance or impedance discontinuity owing to the external line inserted for the straight lines is corrected by reducing the internal line dimension.
  • electric field lines are caused to pass to the external line insert. This part of the electric field is lost to the coupling zone.
  • this difficulty is overcome by arranging a pin screw in this coupling zone extending crosswise through the straight internal line. The screw can be so set on matching the directional coupling that over a large frequency range the directional ratio of 50 dB can be obtained.
  • the straight inner line is constructed as a fork contact, which makes electrical contact in a projection, produced by machining, of the angled or bent line segment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a coaxial Lambda/4 directional coupler constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows measurement curves of the directional ratio and of the reflection factor in a frequency range between 500 and 1,000 MHz.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block circuit diagram of the directional coupler.
  • the directional coupling possesses straight connections A and C for the measurement connection and absorber, respectively. It is also provided with connections extending from the bend. these connections being denoted by B and D.
  • the straight inner lines 1 are mounted so that they can be moved axially. In the coupling range of Lambda/4 they are precisely parallel and have a predetermined spacing between them.
  • these straight inner lines I are connected with the inner lines or line segments la, branching off at the angle at via a fork contact 7 arranged on the straight inner line. This fork contact 7 makes electrical contact in a pro jection, produced by machining, on the angled inner line segment la and allows axial displacement.
  • the angled internal lines la are respectively surrounded by a separately insertable external line 3, which makes possible the field separation of the two coupled lines at a position adjacent to the angled internal lines and is preferably connected with the external line basic body 2 by means of a conducting adhesive.
  • the two internal lines 1 have a threaded hole extending transversely through them with an adjustable grub screw 6 and these two screws are capable of being adjusted externally by means of a respective hole. which can be closed. in the external line 2.
  • the external line 2 furthermore. in the end zone of the coupling zone two checking holes 8, which can be closed. are provided. through which it is possible to measure the two coupled lines as regards parallelism and mutual spacing in the assembled condition.
  • the Z-disturbance or impedance discontinuity owing to the inserted external line 3 for the straight lines at the connections A and C is corrected by a section 9. reduced in diameter at this position. of the intemal line. Owing to the very close positioning of the inserted external line 3 to the two inner lines adjacent to the sepa ration plane and the beginning of the coupling zone electric field lines are conducted in the external line 3; this part of the electrical field is lost in the coupling zone and the disturbance is compensated for by the corresponding setting of the pin screws 6. which on matching the directional coupling are so set that over a large frequency range the directional ratio of 50 dB is obtained.
  • the absorber connected at the connection C for the leading energy of the coupled line is constructed as a metal layer resistor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the connection of the ab- 1 sorber at C and the block diagram representation ofthe directional coupler are illustrated in FIG. 3, with the magnetic coupling between the parallel straight coupling portions indicated by arrows.
  • the measurement curves in FIG. 2 show that in the case of a directional coupling in accordance with the invention in the frequency range between 500 and l.000 MHz a directional ratio of 50 dB is fulfilled with a low reflection factor.
  • This graph only indicates the measured data in the case of one embodiment of the invention.
  • directional couplings with such a directional ratio can be constructed in a frequency range generally between 450 and 5.000 MHz.
  • a coaxial directional coupling for coupling electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies comprising an elongated coupler body of electrically conductive material having opposite ends each provided with an end connector opening and having an elongated main bore therethrough communicating with said end connector openings. said body having a lateral branch connector opening adjacent each end thereof opening in opposite directions and first and second branch bore sections communicating the main bore with the branch connector openings along branch bore axes perpendicular with the longitudinal axis of the main bore, first and second straight internal main eonductors disposed in adjacent parallel lapping relation over their major length paralleling the main bore axis each having an outer end extending through a'diferent one of the end connector openings and an inner end portion crossing and terminating near the branch bore axis farthest from its outer end, said main conductors LII being axially movable in said main bore to provide quarter wavelength parallel lapping portions of variable length for different frequencies.
  • a branch internal conductor extending axially through each branch bore perpendicular to said main conductors in respective opposite directions having an outer end projecting through respective ones of said branch connector openings and inner ends joined to the inner end portions of said main conductors.
  • movable connection means at the inner ends of said main conductor and branch intemal eonductors permitting axial movement of the main con ductors relative to the branch conductors while maintaining electrically conductive contact therebetween.
  • each of said main conductors has an adjustable screw threaded therein adjustable along an axis perpendicular to the main conductor axis inwardly adjacent the inner end of the other main conductor for varying the effective distance from each main conductor to the other main conductor.
  • each of said main conductors has a longitudinal section of reduced cross section adjacent to'the inner end of the opposite main conductor for wave resistance matching.
  • a coaxial directional coupler as defined in claim I wherein said movable connection means comprises a circumferential groove in the end portion of each branch connector and a bifurcated end formation on the end portion of the main conductors defining a slot slidably receiving the groove portion of the associated branch conductor in sliding contact therein.
  • a coaxial directional coupler as defined in claim 1. including a cup-like cylindrical insert sleeve of electrically conductive material located in each of said branch bores to effect field separation of the main eonductors adjacent the branch internal conductors.
  • said sleeve including a cylindrical wall interrupted for passage of an associated main conductor thereinto concentrically surrounding its associated branch internal conductor in electrically conductive contact with the walls of the associated branch bore and including an end wall located between the end of its associated branch conductor and the opposite main conductor.
  • each of said main conductors has an adjustinner end of the opposite main conductor for wave resistance matching.

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  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
US00400658A 1972-09-28 1973-09-25 Directional quarterwave coaxial coupler having means to axially move the coupling conductors Expired - Lifetime US3849743A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2247687A DE2247687C3 (de) 1972-09-28 1972-09-28 Koaxialer Richtungskoppler

Publications (1)

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US3849743A true US3849743A (en) 1974-11-19

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US00400658A Expired - Lifetime US3849743A (en) 1972-09-28 1973-09-25 Directional quarterwave coaxial coupler having means to axially move the coupling conductors

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DE (1) DE2247687C3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004257A (en) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-18 Vitek Electronics, Inc. Transmission line filter
EP0518423A1 (de) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-16 FOR.E.M. S.p.A. Mikrostreifenkoppler mit maximaler Richtwirkung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770779A (en) * 1951-02-08 1956-11-13 Sierra Electronic Corp Directional coupler
US3063026A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-11-06 Narda Microwave Corp Coaxial hybrid junctions
US3195075A (en) * 1962-08-20 1965-07-13 Sylvania Electric Prod Variable directional coupler

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1086307B (de) * 1959-04-15 1960-08-04 Siemens Ag Breitbandiger Richtungskoppler hoher Richtschaerfe
NL268559A (de) * 1960-08-26
DE1899854U (de) * 1963-02-28 1964-09-03 Telefunken Patent Hochfrequenz-brueckenanordnung zur zusammenfuehrung oder verteilung zweier frequenzgleicher hochfrequenzenergieanteile.
DE1264549B (de) * 1966-04-29 1968-03-28 Spinner Georg 3-db-Richtungskoppler (Leistungsteiler) fuer HF-Leitungen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770779A (en) * 1951-02-08 1956-11-13 Sierra Electronic Corp Directional coupler
US3063026A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-11-06 Narda Microwave Corp Coaxial hybrid junctions
US3195075A (en) * 1962-08-20 1965-07-13 Sylvania Electric Prod Variable directional coupler

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004257A (en) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-18 Vitek Electronics, Inc. Transmission line filter
EP0518423A1 (de) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-16 FOR.E.M. S.p.A. Mikrostreifenkoppler mit maximaler Richtwirkung
US5243305A (en) * 1991-06-11 1993-09-07 Forem S.P.A. Method to make microwave coupler with maximal directivity and adaptation and relevant microstrip coupler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2247687C3 (de) 1982-02-18
DE2247687A1 (de) 1974-04-04
DE2247687B2 (de) 1981-06-25

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