US3849907A - Fusing apparatus - Google Patents

Fusing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849907A
US3849907A US00421709A US42170973A US3849907A US 3849907 A US3849907 A US 3849907A US 00421709 A US00421709 A US 00421709A US 42170973 A US42170973 A US 42170973A US 3849907 A US3849907 A US 3849907A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
fuser
fusing
curl
transport means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00421709A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Lynch
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US00421709A priority Critical patent/US3849907A/en
Priority to CA211,168A priority patent/CA1045672A/fr
Priority to NL7414375A priority patent/NL7414375A/xx
Priority to BR9313/74A priority patent/BR7409313A/pt
Priority to FR7437504A priority patent/FR2253234B1/fr
Priority to GB4938974A priority patent/GB1470107A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3849907A publication Critical patent/US3849907A/en
Priority to JP49136610A priority patent/JPS5817951B2/ja
Priority to DE2457088A priority patent/DE2457088C3/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2007—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters

Definitions

  • a fusing apparatus for heat fusing a toner image to a sheet of final support material.
  • the apparatus includes curl reducing means comprising at least one seal adjacent the fusing zone for limiting air flow at the zone to an amount at which curl of the sheet is substantially reduced. At least one of the seals comprises an elongated brush-like member.
  • This invention relates to a fusing apparatus for heat fusing a toner image to a sheet of final support material including means for reducing curl of the sheet during fusing.
  • each apparatus the transfer of heat energy to the record card by conduction and convection is kept negligible by a suitable means, and thereby, since the record card per se is made from paper stock and does not readily absorb radiant energy, the temperature of the record card is kept at a lower value than the boiling point of water.
  • Transfer of heat energy by conduction and convection is reduced either by heat extraction or so called fixing station cooling, or by the use of a heat transfer barrier for preventing heat transfer by conduction and convec tion such as a water filled glass jacket, or in accordance with the third embodiment, by focusing and concentrating the radiant energy on the toner image.
  • a curl reducing means is provided in a fusing apparatus which comprises at least one seal adjacent to the fusing zone which limits the air flow at the zone to an amount at which curl of the sheet is reduced or eliminated.
  • the seals preferably comprise strip-like members of a polymeric material.
  • the seals of the copending application should be resilient and heat resistant. Teflon and Mylar are disclosed as usable materials. While these materials perform their function adequately, their useful life in the machine environment is not as great as desired because of the effects of their elevated temperature environment, though they have been used commercially. It has been found that Mylar is not as heat resistant desired. Teflon, while being heat resistant, is unable to maintain its resiliency in this environment. The elevated temperatures eventually cause the Teflon to take a permanent set in a deflected condition thereby reducing its biasing ability.
  • a fusing apparatus has been developed wherein curl of the sheet during fusing is substantially reduced or eliminated.
  • the fuser includes a source of heat radiation.
  • a fusing zone is defined wherein the heat source is effective to fuse a toner image to a sheet of final support material.
  • a flow of air is present at the zone due to influences which are internal and/or external of the fuser.
  • Curl reducing means are provided which comprise at least one seal adjacent to the fusing zone which limits the air flow at the zone to an amount at which curl of the sheet is re depictd or eliminated.
  • the seal comprises an elongated brush'like member.
  • the air flow has to be limited severely in order to reduce moisture gradients and to prevent the moisture driven off from the sheet from being completely withdrawn from the fusing zone.
  • transport means are provided at the exit and/or entrance regions of the fuser to transport the sheet.
  • One or more of these transports may include suction means for holding the sheet to the transport.
  • the seals preferably extend between the transports and the fuser.
  • the seal comprises an elongated backing strip and a plurality of elongated fibers extending out from the strip in a brush-like configuration.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary reproducing machine including the fusing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sheet of final support material after fusing by a prior art radiant fuser.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the fusing apparatus of this invention including the curl reducing means.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a brush-like seal in accordance with this invention.
  • a fusing apparatus 1 for heat fusing a toner image to a sheet 2 of final support material.
  • the fusing apparatus 1 includes a fuser 3 having a source of heat radiation 4 for application to the sheet.
  • the fuser 3 defines a fusing zone 5 wherein the heat source 4 is effective to fuse the image to the sheet 2.
  • a flow of air is present at the zone 5 due to influences which may be internal and/or external of the fuser 3.
  • An essential part of this invention comprises means which cooperate with the fuser 3 for reducing curl of the sheet 2 during fusing.
  • the curl reducing means 6 preferably comprise at least one seal comprising a brush-like member adjacent to the fusing zone 5 which is adapted to limit air flow through the zone to a volume at which curl of the sheet is substantially reduced.
  • paper curl in the final support sheet after fusing by means of a radiant fuser is the result of plastic deformation of the paper sheet.
  • the deformation is made up of two components which may be summed algebraically.
  • One component is related to the type of paper and to the bulk paper changes that occur during fusing. It is possible to think of these as resulting from one or both of the following: (1) a locked in asymmetric residual stress distribution which relaxes or yields under a bulk temperature or moisture level excursion. (2) variations in paper properties across the thickness of the sheet, as for example, the coefficient or expansion with moisture. This can result in non-uniform elongation of the sheet and curl in the absence of any assymctry or gradients.
  • the other component is believed to relate to the asymmetrical conditions or gradients imposed on the paper by the fuser and adjacent machine components or other external influences. The curl from this component is always in the direction of the source of radiant energy.
  • the curl is believed to result from stresses imposed on the sheet associated with the gradient moisture through the thickness of the sheet.
  • This invention is not directed at preventing curl induced by mechanical deformation which may occur in the copier and which can, in fact, result in curl in either direction depending on the direction of deformation. For example, curl induced by a roll fusing apparatus.
  • the primary source of the stresses is the moisture gradient which causes the top surface of the sheet to ploys an image recording drum-like member 11 the outer periphery of which is coated with a suitable phoshrink more than the bottom surface.
  • the moisture gradient is determined by the temperature gradient, the initial moisture content and the moisture mass transfer effects; In many cases the moisture mass transfer is significant.
  • the air moving device may aggrevate curl by increasing the rate of moisture mass transfer due to increased air flow in the fusing zone.
  • the rate of moisture mass transfer is substantially increased in the top surface of the sheet thus causing a larger moisture gradient which results in higher stresses ands greater deformation of the sheet.
  • Other aspects of the mechanism causing curl in the sheets are described in US. Pat. No. 2,807,703.
  • FIG. 2 a sheet 2 of final support material is shown after fusing by an apparatus not including the curl preventing means 6 in accordance with this invention.
  • the sheet 2 shown therein has a substantial curl 7 of about 1.5 inches at the trailing edge portion 8 thereof.
  • This type of curl 7 in a sheet 2 is formed by an apparatus 10 as will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 when the curl preventing means 6 are not employed. In other apparatuses the curl 7 may be more or less pronounced.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown by way of example an automatic xerographic reproducing machine l0 which incorporates the improved fusing apparatus 1 of the present invention.
  • the reproducing machine 10 depicted in FIG. 1 illustrates the various components utilized therein for producing copies from an original.
  • the fusing apparatus 1 of the present invention is particularly well adapted for use in an automatic xerographic reproducing machine 10, it should become evident from the following description that it is equally well suited for use in a wide variety of machines where an image is fused to a sheet of final support material and it is not necessarily limited in its application to the particular embodiment shown herein.
  • the reproducing machine 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 emtoconductive material 12.
  • One type of suitable photoconductive material is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,970,906 issued to Bixby in 1961.
  • the drum 11 is suitably journaled for rotation within a machine frame (not shown) by means of a shaft 13 and rotates in the direction indicated by arrow 13, to bring the image retaining surface thereon past a plurality of xerographic processing stations.
  • Suitable drive means (not shown) are provided to power and coordinate the motion of the various cooperating machine components whereby a faithful reproduction of the original input scene information is recorded upon a sheet 2 of final support material.
  • FIG. 1 The various processing stations for producing a copy of an original are herein represented in FIG. 1 as blocks A to E.
  • the drum 11 moves photoconductive surface 12 through charging station A.
  • charging station A an electrostatic charge is placed uniformly over the photoconductive surface 12 of the drum ll preparatory to imaging.
  • the charging may be provided by a corona generating device of a type described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,836,725 issued to Vyverberg in 1958.
  • the drum 11 is rotated to exposure station B where the charged photoconductive surface 12 is exposed to a light image of the original input scene information, wherby the charge is selectively dissipated in the light exposed regions to record the original input scene in the form of a latent electrostatic image.
  • a suitable exposure system may be of the type described in U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 259,181 filed June 2, 1972.
  • drum 11 rotates the electrostatic latent image recorded on the photoconductive surface 12 to development station C wherein a conventional developer mix is applied to the photoconductive surface 12 rendering the latent image visible.
  • a suitable development station is disclosed in U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 199,481 filed Nov. 17, 1971.
  • the application describes a magnetic brush development system utilizing a magnetizable developer mix having carrier granules and a toner colorant. The developer mix is continuously brought through a directional flux field to form a brush thereof.
  • the electrostatic latent image recorded on photoconductive surface 12 is developed by bringing the brush of developer mix into contact therewith.
  • the developed image on the photoconductive surface 12 is then brought into contact with a sheet 2 of final support material within a transfer station D and the toner image istransferred from the photoconductive surface 12 to the contacting side of the final support sheet 2.
  • the final support material may be paper, plastic, etc., as desired.
  • the sheet with the image thereon is advanced to a suitable fuser 3, which coalesces the transferred powdered image thereto.
  • suitable fuser is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,701,765, issued to Codichini, et al, in 1955.
  • the sheet 2 is advanced by snuffing rolls 14 and then by rolls 15 to a catch tray 16 for subsequent removal therefrom by the machine operator.
  • the residual toner particles are first brought under the influence of a cleaning corona generating device (not shown) adapted to neutralize the electrostatic charge remaining on the toner particles.
  • the neutralized toner particles are then mechanically cleaned from the photoconductive surface 12 by conventional means as, for example, the use of a resiliently biased knife blade as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,863 issued to Gerbasi in 1972.
  • the sheets 2 of final support material processed in the automatic xerographic reproducing machine 10 can be stored in the machine within a removable paper cassette 17.
  • a suitable paper cassette is set forth in U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 208,138 filed Dec. 15, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,767,187.
  • the reproducing apparatus in accordance with this invention can also have the capability of accepting and processing copy sheets 2 of varying lengths.
  • the length of the copy sheet 2 of course, being dictated by the size of the original input scene or information recorded on the photoconductive surface 12.
  • the paper cassette 17 is preferably provided with an adjustable feature whereby sheets of varying length and width can be conveniently accommodated.
  • the eassette 17 is filled with a stack of final support material 2 of pre-selected size and the cassette is inserted into the machine by sliding along a base plate (not shown) which guides the cassette into operable relationship with a pair of feed rollers 18.
  • the top sheet of the stack is separated and forwarded from the stack into the transfer station D by means of registration rolls 19.
  • FIG. 3 that portion of the reproducing machine 10 of FIG. 1 embodying the fusing apparatus l of this invention is shown in greater detail.
  • the view shown is a side view and it should be readily evident that the fusing apparatus extends across the entire sheet in a direction normal to the plane of the Figure.
  • the image bearing sheet 2 after passing through the transfer station D of FIG. 1 upon separation from the photoconductive surface 12, is allowed to fall into contact with a vacuum belt transport system 20 which conveys the sheet directly to the fusing apparatus 1.
  • the fusing apparatus 1 shown includes a radiant type fuser 3.
  • the fuser 3 includes a heated platen 30 mounted to engage the non-image bearing side of the copy sheet 2 which moves in sliding contact therewith as it is transported through the fusing zone.
  • the heated platen 30 is designed so that an efficient heat flow is established between the platen and the copy sheet 2 to raise the temperature of the sheet rapidly to a level somewhat below the sheets scorch temperature. By controlling the temperature of the sheet 2 in this manner the ability of the sheet to act as a heat sink during image fixing is minimized.
  • the radiant energy source for fusing is provided by an infrared quartz lamp 31 which is mounted in a reflector assembly 32 in opposing relationship to the heated platen 30 and in a position to thermally communicate with the newly imaged side of the copy sheet 2.
  • the spectral output of the lamp 31 is within a range at which the imaging material which may be toner for a xerographic machine 10 is highly absorptive and at which the support mate rial 2 which may be paper is relatively non-absorptive.
  • the toner images are rapidly raised to the desired fusing temperature while the support sheet 2 remains at a relatively lower temperature.
  • a forced air cooling chamber 33 is provided about the backside of the reflector assembly 32 to cool the fuser 3 in operatlon.
  • a heating element 34 is provided in the platen to maintain it at the desired temperature during standby periods.
  • the preheat element is disconnected and the platen 30 receives its heat input directly from the quartz lamp.
  • the leading edge of the sheet 2 bearing the image is pushed through the entrance port 35 to the fusing zone 5 and moves in sliding contact over the platen 30 through the fuser exit port 36 into a pair of cooperating transport rolls and 41 which comprise a flame snuffing apparatus.
  • the lower snuffing roll 41 is positioned such that its outer periphery lies below the plane of the fuser platen 30 whereby in operation the snuffing rolls 40 and 41 are operative to hold the sheet 2 in sliding contact with the fuser platen 30.
  • the sheet is also held in contact with the platen 30 by means of suction communicated via suction chamber 37 and platen suction ports 38.
  • the snuffing rolls 40 and 41 forward the sheet along a guide plate 42 into the nip of a pair of advancing rolls 43 which deposit the sheet within a collecting tray 16.
  • the collecting tray 16 includes a base plate 44 inclined upwards and an upwardly turned margin stop 45.
  • the advancing rolls 43 serve to drive the sheet 2 into the collecting tray 16.
  • the advancing rolls 43 further include a compact propelling mechanism 46 which moves the sheet 2 rapidly and efficiently into alignment against the stop 45.
  • the propelling mechanism is described in greater detail in US. application, Ser. No. 317,028 filed Dec. 20, 1972.
  • the transport 20 comprises a vacuum transport having a suction means 21 which draws air in through or between the belts 22.
  • the suction means is connected to any conventional source of suction (not shown).
  • the suction means 21 cooperates with the belts 22 to firmly hold a sheet 2 of final support material in contact with the transport.
  • the suction means 21 comprises, however, only one of many possible external influences in the machine 10 which can cause an air flow through the fusing zone 5.
  • the suction means 21 draws air in from an external port (not shown). Air flows through various passageways defined by the machine components and sub-stations.
  • the paper path provides one of the key flow channels for the air which flows to the suction means 21.
  • the internal means comprises a series of orifices 38 in the platen 30 which communicate with a suction means comprising the chamber 37.
  • the purpose of these orifices 38 is to provide a vacuum holddown for holding the sheet 2 in contact with the platen 30 as it passes through the fuser 3. When the sheet does not cover these orifices a substantial air flow is produced. The direction of this air flow will vary depending on whether the sheet is entering or leaving the fuser.
  • Another internal cause of air flow comprises the conductive air currents associated with the fuser.
  • an air flow through the fusing zone is created both by external influences and by internal influences. It is believed, however, that either of these influences alone would be sufficient to provide an air flow.
  • curl preventing means 6 comprise in the embodiment shown one or more seals 61, 62, 63 and 64 adjacent to the fusing zone 5 which are adapted to limit the air flow at the zone to an amount at which curl of the sheet is substantially reduced or eliminated.
  • the apparatus 1 shown which includes the external influence of the vacuum transport 20, the provision of the seal 61 between the top portion 65 of the fuser 3 and the upper transport roll 40 at the exit side of the fuser provides a substantial reduction in curl as com pared to the same apparatus without the seal 61.
  • the reduction in curl due to this seal 61 has been shown to be as much as about 60 percent or more.
  • the fusing apparatus illus trated in FIG. 3 requires seals between the downstream sheet transport 40 and 41 and the fusing apparatus 3 in order to substantially reduce or eliminate curl 7. It should also be apparent that had the vacuum transport 20 or other external source of substantial air flow through the fuser 3 been downstream of the fuser rather than upstream thereof then the effective seals for reducing air flow through the fuser would have been the upstream seals 63 and 64, rather than the downstream seals 61 and 62. In this case the seal 63 between the upper portion 65 of the fuser 3 and the adjacent housing E would have had to be impervious, whereas the seals 61 and 62 on the downstream side of the fuser could have been pervious as desired.
  • the internal suction means 37 and 38 does not exert a controlling influence on the amount of curl which is formed. Regulation of the suction force here, in cooperation with the seals 61 64 could help reduce air flow through the fusing zone 5. Conversely increasing the suction force would restrain deformation caused by the moisture gradient, however, it would also increase the retardation forces on the sheet 2 which could cause the sheet to stall in the fuser 3 which is undesirable.
  • seals 61 64 The location of the seals 61 64 has to be determined based on the air fiow conditions in the apparatus in which the fuser 3 is employed and seals 61 64 may be employed at one or all of the locations shown in order to provide the reduced air flow through the fuser.
  • the most signficiant seals will be those adjacent the image containing side of the sheet 2, for an apparatus 10 where the sheet is passed over a platen 30, since it is on this side of the sheet that the greatest air flow occurs.
  • At least one of the seals 61 64 comprises an elongated member having a brush-like configuration.
  • the seals 61-64 are at least coextensive with the fusing zone in the transverse direction, (e.g., the direction normal to the plane of FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 4 a seal 100 in accordance with this invention is shown.
  • the seal comprises a backing strip 101 having a plurality of elongated fibers 102 extending out therefrom in a brush-like configuration.
  • the fibers 102 may comprise individual fibers or tufts of fibers formed, for example, from a pile of yarn.
  • the density of the fibers should be such as to provide a substantial baffle or seal to the flow of air through the seal. Preferably it should prevent air flow through the channel being sealed.
  • the backing strip 101 preferably comprises a composite comprising a metal backing component 103 and a polymeric support component 104, preferably nylon, adjacent to the brush fibers 102.
  • the brush fibers 102 are woven into the nylon support 104 and the metal component 103 is crimped over the support to provide added mechanical strength. While nylon appears to be the preferred material for use as the fibers 102 in the brush-type seals of this invention, other heat resistant materials could also be employed if desired, particularly other polymeric materials.
  • the brush-type seals may be secured to the fuser by any conventional means as, for example, the use of screws (not shown).
  • the upper roll 40 is an idler roll and when the seal 100 is interposed between an idler roll 40 and the fuser 3, it .is necessary to avoid too dense a brush or else a drag is placed on the idler roll which prevents its uniform rotation.
  • the brush-type seal 100 does not require the same degree of resiliency for the: fibers 102 as is required for the material of the strip-type seals. Further, the resiliency of the individual fibers 102 is maintained by the added support they receive from adjacent fibers.
  • a plurality of spaced apart circumferential ridges 47 are provided on the upper roll 40 to provide an efficient flame snuffing action while reducing off-set problems associated with the upper roll.
  • a strip-type seal leaves a gap of less than about 0.030 inch between the seal 61 and the hub of the roll 40 which allows a slight air flow through the sealed air channel. The amount of air flow has been found to be very slight and not enough to cause a substantial curl. However, it is desirable to completely seal the channel between the roll 40 and the fuser 3.
  • a brush-type seal 100 as in accordance with the present invention performs the function of completely sealing off the passageway since the brush fibers 102 follow the contour of the roll surface and, therefore, fill in the valleys between the ridges 47 to substantially close off the air channel.
  • brush-type seals 100 are employed between the upper and lower transport rolls 40 and 41 on the downstream side of the fuser 3 whereas a strip type seal 64 is employed on the upstream side of the fuser between the fuser base 66 and the transport 20. It is apparent therefore that it is possible in accordance with this invention to employ seals of both the brush type 100 of this invention and the strip type 63 where desired.
  • the strip type seals 63 comprise an elongated strip type member formed of a resilient material which is biased against the transports 40, 4-1 or 20 and extends over the respective gap between the transport and the fuser. As with the brush type seal. 100 they may be secured to the fuser by any desired means. Preferably they are formed of a polymeric material such as polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trademark Teflon and polyethyleneterethalate sold under the trademark Mylar.
  • An exemplary brush 100 usable in accordance with the present invention which has been employed was formed of flame proof Nomex nylon with a pile yarn size of 2/10; with a plain weave for the backing; with a thread count for the pile ticks of 6.25 i0.25/inch and for the pile ends of 24il/inch; with the number of tufts per square inch at 150i8% and with a tiger texture for the brush.
  • a brush of this type has been found to be effective as seen from the following example.
  • the toner images of this invention may be formed from toner of the type described in U.Sv Pat. Nos. 2,807,703 and 2,807,704.
  • a fusing apparatus for heat fusing a toner image to a sheet of final support material including:
  • a fuser having a source of heat radiation for application to said sheet, said fuser defining a fusing zone wherein said heat source is effective to fuse said image to said sheet, and a flow of air at said zone; the improvement wherein said apparatus further includes:
  • said curl reducing means comprising at least one seal adjacent said zone for limiting air flow at said zone to an amount at which curl of said sheet is substantially reduced, said seal comprising an elongated member having a brush-like configuration.
  • said brush-like member comprises a backing strip and a plurality of elongated fibers extending out from said strip in said brush-like configuration.
  • An apparatus as in claim 1 further including first transport means for transporting said sheet, said transport means being located adjacent said fuser, and air channel being defined between said transport means and said fuser, and wherein said seal extends over a gap between said fuser and said transport means.
  • first transport means is located at a first side of said fuser and wherein a second transport means is provided at the opposing side of said fuser and wherein at least one of said first and second transport means includes suction means cooperating therewith to hold said sheet to said one of said transport means.
  • An apparatus as in claim 6 including a plurality of said seals.
  • said first transport means comprises a pair of pinch rolls and wherein said second transport means comprises a vacuum transport having said suction means and wherein said first transport is located downstream of said fuser and wherein said second transport is located upstream of said fuser.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
US00421709A 1973-12-04 1973-12-04 Fusing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3849907A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00421709A US3849907A (en) 1973-12-04 1973-12-04 Fusing apparatus
CA211,168A CA1045672A (fr) 1973-12-04 1974-10-10 Appareil de fusion
NL7414375A NL7414375A (nl) 1973-12-04 1974-11-04 Fixeerinrichting.
BR9313/74A BR7409313A (pt) 1973-12-04 1974-11-06 Aperfeicoamento em aparelho para fusao termica de imagem de pigmentador em uma folha de material suporte final
FR7437504A FR2253234B1 (fr) 1973-12-04 1974-11-14
GB4938974A GB1470107A (en) 1973-12-04 1974-11-14 Fuser apparatus for heat fusing a toner image
JP49136610A JPS5817951B2 (ja) 1973-12-04 1974-11-27 ヨウユウソウチ
DE2457088A DE2457088C3 (de) 1973-12-04 1974-12-03 Vorrichtung zum Fixieren eines Tonerbildes auf einem Bildempfangsmaterial

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00421709A US3849907A (en) 1973-12-04 1973-12-04 Fusing apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3849907A true US3849907A (en) 1974-11-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00421709A Expired - Lifetime US3849907A (en) 1973-12-04 1973-12-04 Fusing apparatus

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3849907A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5817951B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR7409313A (fr)
CA (1) CA1045672A (fr)
DE (1) DE2457088C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2253234B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1470107A (fr)
NL (1) NL7414375A (fr)

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US3914097A (en) * 1974-02-01 1975-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Sheet guide and cooling apparatus
US4068839A (en) * 1977-03-04 1978-01-17 International Business Machines Corporation Sheet stacking apparatus
JPS5485035A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-07-06 Agfa Gevaert Ag Fixing device for electronic photographic type duplicator
US4192516A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-03-11 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Seals for ovens
US4523754A (en) * 1981-03-02 1985-06-18 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Paper guiding device in a copying apparatus
US4551006A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-05 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal conservation apparatus
US5308434A (en) * 1991-07-01 1994-05-03 Peters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Sealing device for a pressure case used in a rotary machine
US5539997A (en) * 1993-10-19 1996-07-30 Peters Maschinenfabrik Device for processing corrugated board

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US4652110A (en) * 1984-02-29 1987-03-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus

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US3071866A (en) * 1959-09-14 1963-01-08 Miami Herald Publishing Compan High speed photographic print drying machine
US3090134A (en) * 1960-06-01 1963-05-21 Liquefreeze Company Inc Gas locks
US3207129A (en) * 1962-04-17 1965-09-21 Limberger Walter Copying device
US3291468A (en) * 1965-05-05 1966-12-13 Electric Furnace Co Furnace seal means
US3505497A (en) * 1966-04-28 1970-04-07 Arlside Ltd Reprographic apparatus heater unit control

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US3040702A (en) * 1958-06-19 1962-06-26 Nat Res Corp Vacuum coating apparatus having sealing means formed of membranes and fibers
US3071866A (en) * 1959-09-14 1963-01-08 Miami Herald Publishing Compan High speed photographic print drying machine
US3090134A (en) * 1960-06-01 1963-05-21 Liquefreeze Company Inc Gas locks
US3207129A (en) * 1962-04-17 1965-09-21 Limberger Walter Copying device
US3291468A (en) * 1965-05-05 1966-12-13 Electric Furnace Co Furnace seal means
US3505497A (en) * 1966-04-28 1970-04-07 Arlside Ltd Reprographic apparatus heater unit control

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914097A (en) * 1974-02-01 1975-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Sheet guide and cooling apparatus
US4068839A (en) * 1977-03-04 1978-01-17 International Business Machines Corporation Sheet stacking apparatus
JPS5485035A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-07-06 Agfa Gevaert Ag Fixing device for electronic photographic type duplicator
US4192516A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-03-11 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Seals for ovens
US4523754A (en) * 1981-03-02 1985-06-18 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Paper guiding device in a copying apparatus
US4551006A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-05 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal conservation apparatus
US5308434A (en) * 1991-07-01 1994-05-03 Peters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Sealing device for a pressure case used in a rotary machine
US5539997A (en) * 1993-10-19 1996-07-30 Peters Maschinenfabrik Device for processing corrugated board

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2457088C3 (de) 1979-10-04
FR2253234B1 (fr) 1978-12-29
NL7414375A (nl) 1975-01-31
JPS5817951B2 (ja) 1983-04-11
DE2457088A1 (de) 1975-06-05
FR2253234A1 (fr) 1975-06-27
CA1045672A (fr) 1979-01-02
DE2457088B2 (de) 1979-02-01
GB1470107A (en) 1977-04-14
BR7409313A (pt) 1976-05-11
JPS5090341A (fr) 1975-07-19

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