US3853171A - Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US3853171A
US3853171A US00429330A US42933073A US3853171A US 3853171 A US3853171 A US 3853171A US 00429330 A US00429330 A US 00429330A US 42933073 A US42933073 A US 42933073A US 3853171 A US3853171 A US 3853171A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cooling chamber
cooling
hydrogen
stream
exit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00429330A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Junker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Priority to US00429330A priority Critical patent/US3853171A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3853171A publication Critical patent/US3853171A/en
Priority to BE151731A priority patent/BE823627A/fr
Priority to GB55091/74A priority patent/GB1487770A/en
Priority to FR7442417A priority patent/FR2255981B1/fr
Priority to DE19742460662 priority patent/DE2460662A1/de
Priority to AU76699/74A priority patent/AU479109B2/en
Priority to ZA00748130A priority patent/ZA748130B/xx
Priority to SE7416140A priority patent/SE398308B/xx
Priority to IT7430874A priority patent/IT1027927B/it
Priority to JP49147523A priority patent/JPS5097524A/ja
Priority to CA216,977A priority patent/CA983428A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire

Definitions

  • the improvement resides in an assembly which permits the effective use of gaseous hydrogen as a quenching medium for cooling the extruded molten metal stream to effect solidification.
  • the assembly includes a first cooling chamber into which hydrogen is introduced for an initial rapid cooling and a second cooling chamber into which a flow of air is admitted for producing a combustible gas mixture with the hydrogen coolant.
  • the upper end of the first cooling chamber is positioned to receive the molten stream as it issues from the extrusion apparatus while the lower end extends into the second cooling chamber and terminates proximate to its entrance.
  • the hydrogen passes from the first cooling chamber into the second cooling chamber in co-current flow with themolten metal stream.
  • the hydrogen is then burned either at the exit of the first or second cooling chamber while the solidified wire is forwarded to a take-up device upon exiting from the second cooling chamber.
  • the purpose of the film is to protect the liquid stream against surface tension break-up until solidification can be effected by cooling.
  • the oxide formed must be stable and insoluble in the melt. Because the oxide of iron does not possess these required properties, it is necessary that a second alloying metal be added to the melt before steel can be satisfactorily processed by this method. That is, a second metal is added whose oxide is stable and insoluble in the molten charge.
  • a second metal is added whose oxide is stable and insoluble in the molten charge.
  • Aluminum and silicon have been most commonly used for this purpose, although various other metals, e.g., magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum and titanium are likewise capable of forming the desired oxide film.
  • the second metal is present in only very minor amounts, say
  • Any gas used for this purpose must possess, as does helium, a high coefficient of heat transfer and be chem ically inert to the liquid stream under the conditions of the quenching operation.
  • Hydrogen which is relatively inexpensive when compared with helium, is known to have such properties.
  • hydrogen has been found to perform even more efficiently than does helium as a heat transfer agent in the quenching operation.
  • the hot molten jet issuing from an extrusion unit enters a first cooling zone where initial contact is made with the gaseous hydrogen coolant.
  • the hydrogen which is continuously supplied into the entrance of the zone at a predetermined flow rate passes through the zone in co-current flow with the free-streaming molten jet.
  • the jet and enveloping flow of hydrogen exit directly into a second cooling zone into which air is continuously supplied.
  • the air is admitted proximate to the entrance of this second zone at a predetermined flow rate and flows in a direction co-current with that of the extruded jet and the hydrogen coolant.
  • the flow of hydrogen and air into the system is adjusted such that upon admixture in the second cooling zone, the hydrogen present in the resulting mixture exceeds the stoichiometric quantity for total combustion with the amount of air present by from about -18 percent.
  • ignition of the gaseous mixture is caused to occur within the second cooling zone at a point proximate to its entrance with the products of combustion being swept through the zone and exhausted at the terminal end.
  • FIGURE is a schematic sectional view of the presently preferred embodiment of the apparatus of this invention.
  • the assembly includes a crucible 11 for containing the 'melt enclosed within a pressure vessel 12.
  • the crucible is provided with an orifice 13 through which is extruded a continuous stream or jet of molten metal generally denoted 14.
  • the crucible rests upon a supporting insulating pedestal 15 of pyrolytic graphite construction which in turn rests upon pedestals l6 and 17 supported by the assembly base plate 18.
  • the nascent molten jet passes through a reactive gaseous atmosphere contained within cavity 19 of pedestals 15 and 16 where a stabilizing film is formed about the peripheral surface of the molten stream or jet.
  • first vertically disposed elongated cooling chamber 20 Positioned immediately beneath the conical stabilization zone formed by cavity 19 is a first vertically disposed elongated cooling chamber 20.
  • the upper portion of chamber 20 extends into extrusion assembly 10 through cavity 21 in base plate 18 and terminates in cavity 22 of pedestal 17; while the lower portion extends into a second elongated cooling chamber or column 23 and terminates proximate to the entrance thereof.
  • cooling column 23 is of greater length and cross-sectional area than cooling chamber 20.
  • the extruded molten stream upon emerging from the stabilizing zone 19 enters cooling chamber 20 and passes through it together with a cocurrent flow of gaseous hydrogen which effects an initial rapid cooling.
  • the hydrogen coolant is metered through aperatures 24 and 25 in flange member 26 from a supply source (not shown) and is continuously admitted into the entrance of cooling chamber 20 via a flow path through cavity 22 in base plate 18 and pedestal 17 as indicated by arrows 27 and 28.
  • a supply source not shown
  • the air which may be supplied by a blower or other means (not shown) is introduced proximate to the entrance of cooling column 23 through ports 29 and 30 and flows in a downward direction co-currently with the hydrogen flow as indicated by arrows 31 and 32.
  • the intermingling of hydrogen with air forms a combustible gas mixture which is ignited by passage through a continuously burning hydrogen flame.
  • Burning the gaseous hydrogen-air mixture is preferably conducted proximate to the exit of cooling chamber 20.
  • the flame may be produced by an electrically activated spark plug 33 or other suitable means.
  • the combustion products are swept downward through cooling column 23 and are utilized as cocurrent gas to provide necessary aerodynamic drag on the descending metal stream and additional cooling.
  • the combustion products Upon exiting from cooling column 23, the combustion products enter exhaust chamber 34 and are exhausted through conduit 35 as indicated by arrow 36 while the molten stream 14 now cooled to a solid wire product is continuously advanced to a take-up device.
  • a second ignition system 37 positioned at the exit of cooling column 23 is optional but provides a number of advantages. For example, it provides for the safe dis posal of any hydrogen present in the combustion products exhausted at the exit of cooling column 23. Moreover, it provides an alternative site for an initial combustion of the hydrogen-air mixture. That is, in some instances it may be desirable and advantageous to effect combustion solely at the exit of cooling column 23, in which case, ignition system 33 would not be placed in operation.
  • the hydrogen coolant is metered into the entrance at the top of the first and shorter chamber 20 for initial rapid cooling of the freestreaming molten jet and is burned at the exit thereof after passing through in co-current flow with the molten wire stream.
  • Air for combustion is admitted through the top of the cooling chamber 23.
  • the com bustion products are swept downward through chamber 23 to provide additional cooling and the necessary aerodynamic drag on the wire stream.
  • the gaseous hydrogen may be burned at the exit of cooling chamber 23.
  • the effective length of hydrogen cooling chamber 20 will vary depending for the most part upon the ejection velocity under which the molten metal is extruded. For extrusion rates up to 1,400 feet per minute, a length of about 16 inches has been found satisfactory. Chamber 23 into which the air for combustion is admitted should be of a greater relative length. That is, in the instance when the length of hydrogen cooling chamber 20 is about 16 inches, a length of from about 55 to 60 inches has been found suitable for the chamber 23. Generally speaking, the effective total length of hydrogen cooling chamber 20 and chamber 23 should be at least about 42 inches. A cylindrical or tubular configuration is usually preferred for both chambers 20 and 23, although this is not critical and other configurations could be used if desired.
  • the hydrogen quenching medium is continuously introduced into cooling chamber 20 to present a fresh cool supply along the path of the molten stream as it is extruded.
  • the minimum effective flow rate of the hydrogen coolant is dependent upon the length of the chamber into which it is introduced, the
  • the hybilizing film is formed about the peripheral surface of the stream, and wherein the stabilized molten metal stream descends downwardly through a cooling means where it is solidified to form a solid wire product, the
  • the temperature should be at a low enough level gen, said assembly being comprised of:
  • first coolmg Chamber is the oxidation of the wire in the presence of air, it is genposltlonefl to extend Into the upper end of said erally desirable to adjust the air flow rate to provide 0nd coolmg chamber and terminates proximate to less than the stoichiometric quantities required to efentrance thereof Said Second Cooling Chamber fect total combustion of the hydrogen present.
  • the purbeing of greater length and Cross-Sectional area pose is to exclude oxygen from the combustion prod- 20 than Said first Cooling chamber; ucts being swept downwardly in chamber 23.
  • the hydrogen trance of Said first Cooling Chamber in co'cul'rem present exceed the stoichiometric quantity for combusflow with Said downwardly descending molten tion with the amount of air introduced into the system metal Stream; by f bo t 10-18 e t, c.
  • means for introducing a flow of air into said second Th foll i table presents d t on a Series f cooling chamber proximate to the entrance thereof perimental runs in which either the hydrogen or air as to form a m ti le gas miXture with said hydrodelivered into the system was in stoichiometric excess ge gas as it exits from said first cooling chamber for combustion.
  • the notations under wire appearance nto said second cooling chamber indicate whether or not some oxidation occurred dur- (1. means for igniting said combustible gas mixture to ing the cooling operation. cause combustion thereof; and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US00429330A 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys Expired - Lifetime US3853171A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00429330A US3853171A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys
JP49147523A JPS5097524A (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20
AU76699/74A AU479109B2 (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Improved melt extrusion method for producing wire from steel alloys and apparatus therefor
GB55091/74A GB1487770A (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Manufacture of fine diameter wire
FR7442417A FR2255981B1 (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20
DE19742460662 DE2460662A1 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Schmelzextrudieren von stahllegierungen zur herstellung von draehten
BE151731A BE823627A (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Methode d'extrusion perfectionnee pour produire des fils d'acier allie
ZA00748130A ZA748130B (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Improved melt extrusion method for producing wire from steel alloys and apparatus therefor
SE7416140A SE398308B (sv) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Forbettrat smeltstrengsprutningsforfarande for framstellning av trad fran stallegeringar
IT7430874A IT1027927B (it) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20 Procedimento di estrusione a fusione perfezionato perticolarmente per produrre fili
CA216,977A CA983428A (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27 Melt extrusion method for producing wire from steel alloys and apparatus therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00429330A US3853171A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3853171A true US3853171A (en) 1974-12-10

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US00429330A Expired - Lifetime US3853171A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3853171A (fr)
BE (1) BE823627A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA748130B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6585151B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2003-07-01 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects
US20080047736A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976590A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-03-28 Marvalaud Inc Method of producing continuous metallic filaments
US3216076A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-11-09 Clevite Corp Extruding fibers having oxide skins
US3771982A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-11-13 Monsanto Co Orifice assembly for extruding and attenuating essentially inviscid jets
US3788786A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-01-29 Monsanto Co Orifice assembly for extruding low-viscosity melts
US3811850A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-05-21 Monsanto Co High speed production of filaments from low viscosity melts

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976590A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-03-28 Marvalaud Inc Method of producing continuous metallic filaments
US3216076A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-11-09 Clevite Corp Extruding fibers having oxide skins
US3771982A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-11-13 Monsanto Co Orifice assembly for extruding and attenuating essentially inviscid jets
US3788786A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-01-29 Monsanto Co Orifice assembly for extruding low-viscosity melts
US3811850A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-05-21 Monsanto Co High speed production of filaments from low viscosity melts

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6585151B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2003-07-01 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects
US20080047736A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire
US7626122B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2009-12-01 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire
US20100071931A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2010-03-25 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire with bulkheads
US8697998B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2014-04-15 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire with bulkheads

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA748130B (en) 1976-01-28
BE823627A (fr) 1975-06-20

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