US3865314A - Adjustable pattern spray gun - Google Patents

Adjustable pattern spray gun Download PDF

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Publication number
US3865314A
US3865314A US443480A US44348074A US3865314A US 3865314 A US3865314 A US 3865314A US 443480 A US443480 A US 443480A US 44348074 A US44348074 A US 44348074A US 3865314 A US3865314 A US 3865314A
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United States
Prior art keywords
orifice
set forth
opening
spray
spray gun
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Expired - Lifetime
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US443480A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gustave S Levey
Edward Moser
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SAID LEVEY BY SAID MOSER
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SAID LEVEY BY SAID MOSER
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Priority to US443480A priority Critical patent/US3865314A/en
Priority to CA219,239A priority patent/CA1038622A/fr
Priority to AU77910/75A priority patent/AU7791075A/en
Priority to GB5577/75A priority patent/GB1493326A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3865314A publication Critical patent/US3865314A/en
Priority to FR7504872A priority patent/FR2261072B1/fr
Priority to BR960/75A priority patent/BR7500960A/pt
Priority to IT67413/75A priority patent/IT1030170B/it
Priority to SE7501763A priority patent/SE7501763L/xx
Priority to NO750533A priority patent/NO750533L/no
Priority to DE19752506811 priority patent/DE2506811A1/de
Priority to NL7501978A priority patent/NL7501978A/xx
Priority to ES434860A priority patent/ES434860A1/es
Priority to CH205975A priority patent/CH589482A5/xx
Priority to BE153481A priority patent/BE825690A/fr
Priority to JP50020809A priority patent/JPS50119039A/ja
Assigned to SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., A DE. CORP. reassignment SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., A DE. CORP. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPEEDFLO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/042—Outlets having two planes of symmetry perpendicular to each other, one of them defining the plane of the jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice

Definitions

  • spray gun includes a spray tip having a non-circular, elongated sharp edged nozzle opening and also includes a chamber leading to and larger in area than the nozzle opening and a pre-orifice adjustable in area and positioned upstream from the chamber and coaxial with the nozzle opening.
  • the disclosed preorifice is formed by arcuate recesses in opposed relatively movable jaws and, in its minimum area adjustment, is a non-circular elongated opening similar to the nozzle opening. lnterfitting parts maintain the long dimensions of the nozzle opening and the pre-orifice in parallel relationship.
  • the liquid paint delivered under pressure to the gun passes from the pre-orifice through the chamber as a submerged jet and emerges from the nozzle opening to provide a uniformly atomized spray pattern with feathered edges.
  • the quantity of paint emitted is reduced without reduction of the velocity, permitting the spray pattern applied to the work to be narrowed without loss of quality or film thickness.
  • This invention relates to spray guns for liquids such as paint or the like and, more particularly, to a spray gun for hydraulically atomizing the liquid to be sprayed.
  • the liquid is forced through a nozzle opening having sharp edges at sufficiently high velocities to provide atomization of the liquid.
  • the nozzle opening has an elliptically shaped cross-section with sharp vertices to produce an elliptical or oval shaped spray pattern.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pre-orifice opening should be substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening of the spray tip. Satisfactory results are obtained so long as the area of the pre-orifice is not less than about one-fourth or more than about twice the area of the nozzle opening.
  • a number of variously sized, circular pre-orifices are presently required to accommodate the full commercial range of spray tips in accordance with the teachings of the said U.S. Pat. No. 3,000,576.
  • each spray tip may be provided with a pre-orifice with an area substantially equal to or not exceeding twice the area of the nozzle opening.
  • the changing of a pre-orifice may involve the disassembly of a significant portion of the spray gun and, at least, results in a considerable loss of production time.
  • a non-circular preorifice having a generally elongated cross-section can be utilized in an airless spray system employing a flat fan" or elliptically shaped nozzle opening to provide a uniformly atomized spray pattern.
  • the elongated, major cross-sectional dimensions of the pre-orifice and the nozzle opening are maintained in substantially parallel relationship.
  • a pre-orifice having an adjustable cross-sectional area is provided to permit corresponding variations in the spray fan and spray pattern of an airless spray gun.
  • a pre-orifice assembly or capsule provides a restricted pre-orifice having a generally elliptical cross-sectional configuration.
  • the cross-sectional area ofthe pre-orifice is adjustable, and it is defined by cooperating surfaces of relatively movable jaw members.
  • the pre-orifice capsule includes spring means for biasing the jaw members apart and cam following arms for moving the jaw members together upon the axial advance of a camming member disposed within the spray gun. The movement of the camming memeber is controlled by an external adjustment nut mounted on the spray gun.
  • the preorifice capsule includes an axially projecting alignment member engaging the spray tip to coaxially align the nozzle opening and the pre-orifice as well as to maintain the desired parallel relation between the major crosssectional dimensions.
  • the range of cross-sectional pre-orifice areas available is selected to accommodate the conventional spray tip nozzle opening sizes which vary from an area equal to that of a circle of 0.01 l of an inch in diameter to an area equal to that of a circle of 0.035 of an inch in diameter.
  • the nozzle opening and pre-orifice opening crosssectional areas are hereinafter simply designated by the diameter in inches of a circle having an equal area.
  • the elliptically shaped pre-orifice of the illustrated embodiment is adjustable from an equivalent area value of 0.01 l in its minimum area position to an equivalent area value of 0.035 in its maximum area position. In this manner, a single pre-orifice capsule may be adjusted to provide an optimum 111 area ratio between the pre-orifice opening and the nozzle opening for the entire range of commercially avialable spray tip sizes.
  • the adjustable pre-orifice also provides area ratios substantially in excess of 2:1 for most of the spray tips commonly employed to enable an operator to achieve full spray fan angle width potential in high speed rough work by simply adjusting the pre-orifice to its maximum size.
  • the spray fan angle may be narrowed or decreased for specific trim and finishing applications by reducing the size of the pre-orifice. In both of these cases, it it apparent that the volume delivcry and the spray pattern are adjusted without a significant loss of production time.
  • FIG. I is an elevational view of an airless spray gun provided with adjustable pre-orifice means in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, vertical section on an enlarged scale through the valve port and nozzle area portion of the spray gun shown in FIG. 1 depicting the preorifice capsule and having parts broken away for purposes of clarity;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an enlarged scale taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing the jaw members in full open position;
  • FIG. 3a is a fragmentary elevational view on an enlarged scale showing a portion of the jaw members in a full closed position
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the preorifice capsule viewed from the forward end of the spray gun;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the spray tip and preorifice capsule similar to FIG. 2 but on a greatly enlarged scale;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view through a pre-orifice capsule showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the spray gun includes a handle portion 12, a forwardly extending stock portion 14 and a spray portion 16 which is secured to the stock portion 14 by means of a bolt 18.
  • an adjustable pre-orifice spray assembly 20 is fixed to the forward end of the spray portion 16.
  • the liquid to be sprayed is introduced into the spray gun through a combined swivel fitting and strainer holder 22 which is threadedly connected to the spray portion 16 of the gun.
  • the fitting 22 is adapted to be connected to a source of liquid under pressure (not shown) and the liquid is delivered to the internal portions of the gun through a passageway 22a extending through the fitting.
  • the liquid to be sprayed may be pressurized in any conventional manner and a supply hose (not shown) leading to the fitting 22 may be branched if it is desired to use a heater in the supply line.
  • a suitable pump and circulating system is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,018,968 to Levey. If no recirculation is required or desired, the fitting 22 may be connected to a single supply hose leading to a source of liquid under pressure, such as the outlet side of a pump (not shown).
  • the spray gun 10 also includes a pivoted trigger 24 which is fixed to the stem of a needle valve 26 for purposes of operating the spray gun.
  • the needle valve 26 and trigger 24 are biased to a forward, non-spraying position by conventional means.
  • the spray gun is actuated upon movement of the trigger 24 towards the handle l2 and the corresponding, following movement of the needle valve 26 in a rearward direction.
  • the adjustable preorifice spray assembly 20 is threadedly engaged to a cylindrical boss 16a extending from the spray portion I6 of the spray gun.
  • the assembly 20 includes an axially fixed, cylindrical mounting sleeve 28 having an internally threaded rearward bore 30 which threadedly engages the external threads provided on the cylindrical boss 16a.
  • the sleeve 28 has a radially, inwardly extending shoulder 32 which abuts against the forward end of the boss 16a when the sleeve 28 is tightly connected.
  • the spray portion 16 and the sleeve 28 may be integrally formed.
  • the forward end of the sleeve 28 has an internally threaded bore 34 which engages an externally threaded nut 36.
  • the nut 36 secures a spray tip or nozzle assembly 38 to the forward end of the spray gun 10.
  • a sealing gasket 360 formed of a suitable seal material such as nylon or teflon is provided at the forward face of the spray tip holder.
  • the spray tip or nozzle assembly includes a spray tip holder 39 having a flat fan" spray tip 40 mounted therein.
  • the liquid to be sprayed is introduced into the gun by means of the fitting 22 and, more particularly, a passageway 22a extending therethrough and communicating with a central bore 42 in the spray portion 16 of the spray gun.
  • the needle valve 26 is axially movable with the bore 42, and its movement is guided by a counterbore 44 (FIG. 1).
  • the stem of the needle valve extends through the counterbore 44 and a gland nut 46 which seals the free, rearward end of the counterbore.
  • the forward end of the bore 42 is internally threaded for engagement with the rearward portion of a cylindrical nut member 48.
  • the forward portion of the member 48 is threadedly engaged with a valve body holder 50.
  • the cylindrical nut member 48 and the valve body holder 50 are respectively provided with communicating, coaxial internal bores 48a and 50a which in turn communicate with the central bore 42 to provide a conduit or passageway through the spray gun for delivcry of liquid to the spray tip 40.
  • the forward end of the bore 50a includes a reduced diameter portion having a valve body 52 press-fitted therein so that it is secured in place and sealed against fluid leakage.
  • the valve body 52 is preferably made of a hard erosion resistant material such as tungsten carbide.
  • the valve body 52 has a valve port 54 which provides a flared seating surface 56 adjacent the rearward end thereof for sealing, valving engagement with the rounded end of the needle valve 26.
  • valve port 54 opens into a pre-orifice capsule 58 having a coaxially extending passageway therethrough including an adjustable preorifice 60.
  • the passageway through the pre-orifice capsule 58 communicates with the spray tip 40 for delivery thereto of the liquid to be sprayed as described in greater detail below.
  • the pre-orifice capsule 58 includes as its principal parts a forward capsule half member 62, a pair of relatively movable jaw members 64 and 66, a pair of biasing springs 68 and 70, and a rearward capsule half member 72.
  • the capsule half member 62, 72 are interlocked together in an interference tit and they cooperate to contain the springs and jaw members in a fixed axial position.
  • the springs are compressed in the assembled capsule and they resiliently urge the jaw members in opposite directions along the diameter of the pre-orifice capsule.
  • the member 72 has a generally cylindrical configuration including a central wall 73, a forwardly, axially extending skirt portion 74, and a rearwardly, axially extending skirt portion 75.
  • the skirt portion 74 is divided into four arcuate sections by radially opposed slots 76a, 76b and relatively larger, radially off-set slots 78a, 78b.
  • Each of the arcuate sections of the skirt portion 74 includes an internal shoulder 80 which cooperates to define an internal recess for purposes of engaging the member 62.
  • Each of the arcuate sections also includes a reduced diameter or wall portion 82 extending to the forward surface of the wall 73. The portions 82 cooperate to define a chamber for receiving the jaw member 64, 66 and spring members 68, 70.
  • the jaw members 64, 66 respectively include radially extending cam following arms 84, 86 and guide legs 85, 87.
  • the guide legs of each of the jaw members engage adjacent portions of the other of the jaw members in sliding relationship as indicated below in greater detail.
  • the slots 76a and 76b are dimensioned to receive the cam following arms 84, 86 and contiguously disposed portions of the legs 85, 87 to rotationally fix and stabilize the mounting of the jaw members within the pre-orifice capsule.
  • the jaw members 64, 66 are also respectively provided with guide arms 88 and 90.
  • the guide arms are dimensioned to engage the reduced diameter portion 82 of an adjacent arcuate section of the skirt portion 74 when the jaw members are in a full open position as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the jaw members 64, 66 are biased apart to their full open position by the springs 68 and 70 which comprise double layer leaf springs.
  • the springs are mounted within the pre-orifice capsule adjacent the recesses 78a, 78b which provide clearance for accommodating the deflection of the springs upon relative movement of the jaw members toward one another.
  • the springs 68, 70 have an axial dimension corresponding to that of the reduced diameter portion 82 and they are entrapped within the assembled pre-orifice capsule. As shown in FIG. 3, the springs 68, 70 work between the adjacent radially inward surfaces of the guide arms 88, 90 and the adjacent, planar wall portions 82 of the slots 78a, 78b to bias the jaw members apart.
  • the forward capsule half member 62 includes an axially extending alignment boss 94, a disc portion 96 and an axially rearward extending, centrally disposed sealing boss 98 projecting from the rearward surface of the disc portion 96 (FIG. 5).
  • the sealing boss 98 may be integrally formed with disc portion 96 as shown or it may be provided by a press-fitted or otherwise bonded insert (not shown) received within a bore provided in the disc portion and extending beyond the rear surface thereof.
  • the disc portion 96 is dimensioned to be received against the shoulders and to provide an interference fit with the overlying skirt portion 74 of the member 72 in order to lock the capsule halves together when they are assembled. In the assembled condition, the disc portion 96 cooperates with the reduced diameter portion 82 and the forward face of the central wall 73 to define a chamber having the jaw members and spring members axially contained therein.
  • the rearwardly extending skirt portion 75 of the member 72 defines a recess 102 dimensioned to receive a forward shoulder of the valve body holder 50 (FIG. 2).
  • the base of the recess 102 is defined by the rearward face of the central wall 73 of the member 72.
  • a pair ofthreaded bores 103 extend through the central wall 73 at spaced locations clear of the springs 68, 70 and the jaws 64, 66.
  • the bores 103 are employed in a screw-jacking operation to separate the assembled capsule half members 62, 72 after the pre-orifice assembly 58 has been removed from the spray gun. More particularly, screw members (not shown) are threadedly advanced through the bores 103 and against the adjacent, rearward face of the disc portion 96 to separate the capsule half members.
  • the forward face of the wall 73 includes a centrally located, axially projecting sealing boss 104 which cooperates with the sealing boss 98 to facilitate the provision of a fluid seal with the jaw members 64, 66.
  • the boss 104 surrounds the forward end of a passageway 106 which extends through the wall 73 and communicates between the valve port 54 and the adjustable preorifice 60.
  • the liquid Upon emerging from the passageway 106, the liquid enters the adjustable pre-orifice 60 which is defined by the overlying central portions of the jaw members 64, 66.
  • the jaw members are formed of a hard erosion resistant material such as tungsten carbide.
  • the pre-orifice 60 is coaxially disposed with respect to the passageway 106 and it remains in coaxial relationship regardless of the selected cross-sectional area of the pre-orifice. Further, the cross-sectional area of the passageway 106 is slightly greater than that of the pre-orifice when the latter is adjusted to its maximum cross-sectional area.
  • the central portions of the jaw members 64, 66 respectively, include a curved surface portion 108 and 110 and a transversely disposed planar surface portion 112 and 114.
  • the planar surface portions 112, 114 are provided along the guide legs 85, 87 as best shown in FIG. 3.
  • the central portions of the jaw members have a generally J-shaped configuration with the curved bottom portions of the J configurations oppositely disposed from one another.
  • planar surface portions 112, 114 engage associated planar surfaces provided by the adjacent jaw member for purposes of guiding the relative movement of the jaw members toward and away from one another.
  • the segments of the planar surface portions which are not engaged for purposes of guiding the jaw members cooperate with the curved surface portions 108, 110 to define the adjustable pre-orifice 60 when the jaw members are positioned to define a relatively larger pre-orifice cross-sectional area.
  • the jaw members 64, 66 are shown in a fully closed or minimum pre-orifice area position wherein the curved surface portions 108, 110 completely define the pre-orifice 60.
  • the pre-orifice cross-section has a generally elliptical configuration.
  • the curved surfaces 108, 110 may be provided with flats adjacent the engaging edges thereof at the extremities of the long dimension or major axis of the pre-orifice for wear purposes.
  • the pre-orifice cross-section assumes a somewhat circular configuration with substantially equal major and minor axes. ln the intermediate positions of the jaw members between full open and full closed, the pre-orifice is provided with a generally elongated, oval shaped configuration with blunted ends adjacent its major dimension. This variation in crosssectional configuration of the pre-orifice is not detrimental to the pre-orifice function and its effectiveness in providing uniform atomization of the sprayed liquid.
  • the pre-orifice 60 is coaxial with the passageway 106 and it remains in a coaxial relationship as its cross-sectional area is varied since the jaw members are arranged for corresponding radial movement in opposite directions toward and away from one another.
  • the relative movement of the jaw members 64, 66 is controlled by the axial positioning of a cylindrical cam member 116 (FIG. 2) provided by the adjustable pre-orifice spray assembly 20.
  • the cam member 116 includes a beveled cam surface 118 adjacent its forward end which is arranged to engage camming surfaces 84a and 860 provided by the cam following arms 84, 86 of the jaw members.
  • the cam ;member 116 is shown in a fully retracted position in FIG. 2 with the cam surface 118 thereof in nonclosing engagement with the cam surfaces 84a, 86a of the jaw members.
  • the cam member 116 is driven by a drive key 120 extending through a slot 122 in the cylindrical mounting sleeve 28.
  • the outer radial portion 120a of the drive key 120 is received within a groove 124 in an adjustment nut 126 and contained by retainer plate 154 secured to the nut 126.
  • the adjustment nut 126 has an internally threaded bore 127 which is threadedly engaged with the axially fixed mounting sleeve 28. Accordingly, upon rotation of the nut 126, it threadedly moves relative to the sleeve 28 and correspondingly moves the cam member 116 by means of the drive key 120.
  • the drive key 120 is provided with a T-shaped configuration wherein the cross member thereof corresponds with the portion 120a and has an arcuate configuration.
  • a plurality of drive keys and corresponding slots 122 are provided about the periphery of the sleeve 28 in order to assure the smooth axial movement of the cam member 116.
  • each of the jaw members moves a radial distance of about 0.018 inch for each full revolution of the adjustment nut.
  • the adjustable pre-orifice 60 opens into a passageway 128 provided in the forward capsule half member 62.
  • the cross-sectional area of the passageway 128 is dimensioned so as to not interfere with the fluid jet emerging from the pre-orifice 60.
  • the passageway 128 includes an enlarged portion 130 which opens into a similarly dimensioned bore 132 in the spray tip 40.
  • the bore 132 preferably has a substantially perpendicular forward end wall 133 and opens into a relatively small diameter bore 134 which leads to the spray tip nozzle opening 136.
  • the passageway 128 and the bore 132 are filled with liquid, and liquid passes through the bore 134 and nozzle opening 136.
  • the high velocity stream or jet of liquid moves coaxially out of the pre-orifice 60 and travels through the center of the passageway 128 and bore 132 as a submerged jet.
  • the submerged jet enters and fills the bore 134 and upon passing through the nozzle opening 136 it is uniformly atomized to provide the desired oval spray pattern.
  • the pressure of the liquid through the pre-orifice drops from the relatively high values in the valve port 54 and passageway 106.
  • the liquid is carried through the bore 134 and the nozzle opening 136 by the velocity of the submerged fluid jet or kinetic energy thereof, with a relatively small pressure drop, rather than being driven through the nozzle opening by a high pressure-head on the upstream side of the nozzle opening.
  • the liquid in the chamber defined by the passageway 128 and bore 132 is at a relatively low static pressure, and the submerged fluid jet travels through the center of this chamber with a relatively minimum amount of frictional resistance.
  • the quality of atomization is optimized in this l:l area relation between the pre-orifice and nozzle opening.
  • the pre-orifice 60 has a sufficient axial length to stabilize the fluid jet as it is formed therein and cause it to persist as a submerged jet until it reaches and fills the bore 134 leading to the nozzle opening. It has been found that these objectives are achieved when the preorifice is provided with a minimum axial length equal to from about /2 to about 1 times its maximum crosssectional dimension.
  • the pre-orifice may be provided with a greater relative axial length without significantly interfering with the volume of liquid or necessitating excessively high pressures.
  • the nozzle opening 136 has a conventional flat fan" or cat eye configuration comprising a generally elliptical cross-section with a sharp vertices adjacent the ends of its major axis.
  • the cat eye configuration is provided by initially forming the bore 134 as a blind bore terminating in a spherically-shaped end 138.
  • a transversely disposed V-shaped slot 140 is then cut into the spray tip so as to intersect the spherical end 138 of the bore 134.
  • the nozzle opening 136 is provided with an elliptically-shaped or elongated cross-section having a long dimension or major axis no greater than the diameter of the bore 134 and a short dimension or minor axis equal to the minimum width of the V-slot 140.
  • the long dimension of the nozzle opening 136 is perpendicular to the plane of the section. Accordingly, the major dimensions of the spray fan emitted from the nozzle opening and the resulting oval shaped spray pattern are also perpendicular to the plane of the section and the spray tip holder 39 is provided with a recess 142 to accommodate the full width of the spray fan.
  • the alignment boss 94 extending from the forward capsule half member 62 is provided with a non-circular cross-section by means of flats 144 extending along its peripheral surface.
  • the pre-orifice capsule 58 is initially assembled with the major dimension of the pre-orifice 60 extending in a predetermined direction with respect to the non-circular configuration of the boss 94.
  • the boss 94 is received within a correspondingly shaped recess 146 in an insert 148.
  • the insert 148 is press-fitted into a bore 150 in the spray tip holder 39 to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
  • the spray tip 40 is similarly press-fitted into the holder 39 so that the major dimension of the nozzle opening 136 extends in a predetermined direction with respect to the recess 146, and in parallel relationship with respect to the major dimension of the closed position pre-orifice when the boss 94 is received within the recess 146.
  • the boss 94 is also provided with an axially extending slot 152 which bisects a portion of the axial extent thereof.
  • the bore 146 is dimensioned to slightly compress the bisected portion of the boss upon insertion therein, and the slot 152 thereby serves to resiliently lock the pre-orifice capsule 58 to the spray nozzle assembly 38.
  • a washer seal 153 is disposed about the boss 94 between the spray tip holder 39 and the central disc portion 96 of the member 62 to prevent liquid from escaping between the pre-orifice capsule and holder.
  • the washer seal is formed of a suitable seal material such as teflon or nylon.
  • a conventional spray tip and nozzle assembly may be modified to provide a unitized assembly with the preorifice capsule and to assure the maintenance of the desired parallel relationship.
  • the range of cross-sectional pre-orifice areas through which the pre-orifice is adjustable may be selected on the basis of particular spray applications.
  • the pre-orifice 60 is provided with a minor dimension of 0.009 inch and a major dimension of 0.035 inch when the jaw members 64, 66 are moved to the minimum area or full closed position as shown in FIG. 3a, and the pre-orifice has an equivalent area value equal to about that of a circle of 0.01 l of an inch in diameter.
  • the minor and major dimensions of the pre-orifice 60 are each equal to about 0.035 inch. and the pre-orifice has an equivalent area approximately equal to that of a circle of 0.035 of an inch in diameter.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the preorifice to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening may be varied from one-fourth to two for fine finishing spray tips and a restricted volume and modified spray pattern is obtainable for most commercially available spray tips by reducing the ratio value to about L0 or less.
  • the area of the pre-orifice is less than that of the nozzle opening, uniform atomization and distribution is still obtained but a lesser volume of liquid is delivered through the nozzle than would otherwise be obtained at a given liquid pressure. Although the delivered liquid volume is reduced in this instance, the liquid velocity remains the same, and the resulting spray pattern applied to work surface can be narrowed without loss of quality or film thickness by manually bringing the spray gun closer to the work surface.
  • the critical limit is believed to be reached when the area of the pre-orifice is about V4 the area of the nozzle opening.
  • Ratios in excess of 2.0 are available to provide full spray angle potential for most spray tips commonly employed. It should be appreciated that uniform atomization is obtained at ratios of about 2.0 or when the preorifice area is twice that of the nozzle opening but that a compromise in atomization quality is made when the ratio exceeds 2.0 in order to obtain high volume and high speed spraying.
  • FIG. 6 a modified embodiment of the pre-orifice capsule is shown.
  • the parts of the modified embodiment have been designated with the same numbers as the corresponding parts of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 5 but for the addition of prime designations.
  • the pre-orifice capsule 58' includes as its major elements a forward capsule half member 62, rel atively movable jaw members 64, 66' and a rearward capsule half member 72'.
  • the jaw members 64, 66' cooperate to define an adjustable pre-orifice and the adjustment thereof is controlled in the same manner as described above with respect to the first embodiment.
  • the capsule half member 72' includes a central wall 73' which is provided with a passageway 106' extending therethrough.
  • the wall 73' has a centrally disposed, circular recess which is sized to receive a compression disc insert 172 in sliding relationship.
  • the disc insert 172 includes a bore 173 which is coaxial with the passageway 106.
  • the disc insert 172 projects beyond the forward surface of the wall 73 and into sealing engagement with the jaw members 64, 66.
  • the insert 172 is axially biased in a forward direction into engagement with the jaw members by means of a belleville spring 174 disposed between the insert and the bottom of the recess 170.
  • the belleville spring has a generally circular configuration and it includes a central bore 176 extending therethrough.
  • the forward capsule half member 62' includes a disc portion 96 having a centrally disposed recess 178 in the rearward face thereof which communicates with a passageway 128 extending through a forward alignment member 94'.
  • a circular insert 180 is bonded and axially fixed within the recess 178.
  • the insert 180 has a central bore 182 which communicates between the adjustable pre-orifice 60 and the passageway 128'.
  • the insert 180 projects axially beyond the rearward surface of the disc portion 96' of the member 62 and into sealing engagement with the jaw members 64', 66'. Accordingly, the compression disc insert 172 and the insert 180 cooperate to engage the jaw members in a fluid sealing arrangement similar to that provided by the sealing bosses 96 and 104. However. the provision of the fluid seal is facilitated by the use of the belleville spring 174 to bias the disc insert l72,jaw members 64', 66' and the insert 180 into sealing relationship.
  • An airless paint spray gun comprising a body portion having a conduit adapted to be connected at its inlet end to a source of liquid paint under pressure and adapted to have a spray tip connected to the discharge end thereof, a pre-orifice assembly adjacent the discharge end of said conduit including relatively movable members defining therebetween a pre-orifice opening, and manually operable means carried by said body portion operably connected to said relatively movable members and movable to vary the area of said preorifice opening.
  • biasing means comprise spring means arranged to urge said relatively movable members apart and said cam following means comprise radially extending cam following arms arranged to move said relatively movable members together upon engagement with an axially movable camming member operably connected to said manually operable means.
  • An airless paint spray gun as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pre-orifice assembly comprises interfitted first and second capsule members which cooperate to support said relatively movable members and to restrain them against axial movement with respect to the axial flow of liquid paint within said conduit.
  • An airless paint spray gun comprising a conduit adapted to be connected to a source of paint under pressure, a spray tip having an elongated spray opening connected to said conduit, an adjustable pre-orifice in said conduit upstream from said spray opening, said pre-orifice including opposed surfaces movable toward and away from each other, said surfaces in one position defining an elongated pre-orifice with its long axis substantially parallel to the long axis of said spray opening and being movable away from each other to increase the area of said pre-orifice.
  • an airless paint spray gun comprising a body portion having a conduit adapted to be connected at its inlet end to a source of liquid under pressure and adapted to have a spray tip providing an elongated spray opening connected to the discharge end thereof
  • an adjustable pre-orifice assembly in said conduit upstream from said spray opening, said pre-orifice assembly including relatively movable surfaces defining therebetween a pre-orifice opening coaxially disposed with respect to said spray opening, and said relatively movable surfaces being movable to vary the area of said pre-orifice opening.
  • pre-orifice assembly as set forth in claim 18 wherein said pre-orifice assembly includes resilient biasing means and cam following means to provide said reciprocable movement.
  • pre-orifice assembly as set forth in claim 17 wherein said pre-orifice opening has an elongated cross-section in at least one position of said relatively movable surfaces, and said pre-orifice assembly in cludes alignment means for engaging a spray tip connected to the discharge end of said conduit and maintaining the long axis of said pre-orifice opening in substantially parallel relationship with the long axis of the spray opening.
  • An airless paint spray gun comprising a body portion with a passage for paint under pressure, a flat fan spray tip having an elongated spray opening adapted to be secured to said body portion in communication with the outlet end of said passage, said body portion having a non-circular elongated pro-orifice in said passage upstream from said spray tip, and interfitting orientation surfaces on said spray tip and said body portion maintaining the long axes of said pre-orifice and said spray .opening in parallel relation.
  • an airless spray gun comprising a body portion with a passage of liquid paint adapted to be connected at its inlet end to a source ofliquid paint under pressure and adapted to have a flat fan spray tip having an elongated spray opening connected to the discharge end of said conduit, the improvement comprising a pre-orifice assembly defining a non-circular pre-orifice opening upstream in said passage from said spray tip, and interfitting orientation surfaces on said spray tip and said pro-orifice assembly maintaining the long axes of said spray opening and said pre-orifice opening in parallel relation.
  • said pre-orifice assembly includes an axially projecting member having a non-circular cross-section received within a recess in said spray tip, and said interfitting surfaces are provided by said projecting member and said recess.
  • said resilient biasing means comprise an axially extending slot bisecting at least a portion of the axial length of said axially projecting member received within said recess, said recess being sized to compress and resiliently lock said bisected portion within said recess.
  • An airless paint spray gun comprising a body portion having a conduit adapted to be connected at its inlet end to a source of liquid paint under pressure and adapted to have a flat fan spray tip having an elongated spray opening connected to the discharge end of said conduit, said body portion having a non-circular elongated pre-orifice opening in said conduit upstream from said spray tip, said spray opening having a major opening dimension extending in a first direction and said pre-orifice having a major orifice dimension extending in a second direction, and said first and second directions being disposed in substantially parallel relationship.
  • An airless paint spray gun comprising a body portion having a conduit adapted to be connected at its inlet end to a source of liquid paint under pressure and adapted to have a spray tip connected to the discharge end thereof, a pre-orifice assembly adjacent the discharge end of said conduit including an axially extending pre-orifice opening adjustable in cross-sectional area, and manually operable means carried by said body portion operably associated with said pre-orifice assembly and movable to vary the area of said preorifice opening.

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  • Nozzles (AREA)
US443480A 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Adjustable pattern spray gun Expired - Lifetime US3865314A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US443480A US3865314A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Adjustable pattern spray gun
CA219,239A CA1038622A (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-03 Pistolet atomiseur
AU77910/75A AU7791075A (en) 1974-02-19 1975-02-05 Spray gun
GB5577/75A GB1493326A (en) 1974-02-19 1975-02-10 Spray gun
FR7504872A FR2261072B1 (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-17
BR960/75A BR7500960A (pt) 1974-02-19 1975-02-17 Pistola para atomizacao de tinta sem ar
DE19752506811 DE2506811A1 (de) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Luftlose spritzpistole
SE7501763A SE7501763L (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18
IT67413/75A IT1030170B (it) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Pistola a spruzzo senz aria
NO750533A NO750533L (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18
NL7501978A NL7501978A (nl) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19 Spuitpistool.
ES434860A ES434860A1 (es) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19 Perfeccionamientos en pistolas pulverizadoras de pintura sin aire.
CH205975A CH589482A5 (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19
BE153481A BE825690A (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19 Pistolet atomiseur pour liquides
JP50020809A JPS50119039A (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US443480A US3865314A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Adjustable pattern spray gun

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3865314A true US3865314A (en) 1975-02-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US443480A Expired - Lifetime US3865314A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Adjustable pattern spray gun

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3865314A (fr)
BE (1) BE825690A (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4365584A (en) * 1977-11-21 1982-12-28 Falconer Plate Glass Corporation Apparatus for making mirrors
US4645127A (en) * 1984-08-31 1987-02-24 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing spray nozzle
US4718607A (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-01-12 Acheson Industries, Inc. Atomized liquid spray orifice
USD305057S (en) 1987-10-30 1989-12-12 The Devilbiss Company Spray gun
US4988043A (en) * 1988-10-18 1991-01-29 501 Lechler Gmbh & Co. Kg Nozzle for atomizing liquid media, in particular a fan-jet nozzle
US5060869A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-10-29 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Ceramic flat spray tip
US5072883A (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-12-17 Spraying Systems Co. Full cone spray nozzle with external air atomization
GB2288348A (en) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-18 Graco Inc Spray tip assembly
US5615836A (en) * 1993-11-11 1997-04-01 Graef; Jordt-Steffen Injector nozzle
US5961053A (en) * 1994-02-18 1999-10-05 Flow International Corporation Ultrahigh-pressure fan jet nozzle
US20070221762A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Micheli Paul R Spray device having removable hard coated tip
WO2008008189A1 (fr) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-17 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Système et procédé de revêtement par pulvérisation uniforme
US20100108784A1 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Spray gun having protective liner and light trigger pull
US20170203314A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Robert J. Rose Two Component Airless Adhesive Spray Gun and Method of Use
CN110167683A (zh) * 2017-01-05 2019-08-23 瓦格纳喷涂技术有限公司 高效无气喷头设计和使用
US10799894B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2020-10-13 Graco Minnesota Inc. Spray tip
US10913079B2 (en) 2015-04-20 2021-02-09 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Low pressure spray tip configurations
US10940498B2 (en) * 2017-09-14 2021-03-09 Wager Spray Tech Corporation Airless spray gun with improved trigger assembly
US11865568B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2024-01-09 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Spray tip design and manufacture
US12521742B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2026-01-13 Wagner Spray Tech Corp. Fluid applicator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3000576A (en) * 1960-03-01 1961-09-19 Spee Flo Company Spray gun
US3515355A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-06-02 Josef Wagner Airless spray gun
US3556411A (en) * 1968-05-22 1971-01-19 Nordson Corp Spray nozzle
US3659787A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-05-02 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Nozzle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3000576A (en) * 1960-03-01 1961-09-19 Spee Flo Company Spray gun
US3515355A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-06-02 Josef Wagner Airless spray gun
US3556411A (en) * 1968-05-22 1971-01-19 Nordson Corp Spray nozzle
US3659787A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-05-02 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Nozzle

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4365584A (en) * 1977-11-21 1982-12-28 Falconer Plate Glass Corporation Apparatus for making mirrors
US4645127A (en) * 1984-08-31 1987-02-24 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing spray nozzle
US4718607A (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-01-12 Acheson Industries, Inc. Atomized liquid spray orifice
USD305057S (en) 1987-10-30 1989-12-12 The Devilbiss Company Spray gun
US4988043A (en) * 1988-10-18 1991-01-29 501 Lechler Gmbh & Co. Kg Nozzle for atomizing liquid media, in particular a fan-jet nozzle
US5060869A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-10-29 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Ceramic flat spray tip
US5072883A (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-12-17 Spraying Systems Co. Full cone spray nozzle with external air atomization
US6019298A (en) * 1992-12-08 2000-02-01 Flow International Corporation Ultrahigh-pressure fan jet nozzle
US5615836A (en) * 1993-11-11 1997-04-01 Graef; Jordt-Steffen Injector nozzle
US5961053A (en) * 1994-02-18 1999-10-05 Flow International Corporation Ultrahigh-pressure fan jet nozzle
GB2288348A (en) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-18 Graco Inc Spray tip assembly
US20070221762A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Micheli Paul R Spray device having removable hard coated tip
US8684281B2 (en) 2006-03-24 2014-04-01 Finishing Brands Holdings Inc. Spray device having removable hard coated tip
WO2008008189A1 (fr) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-17 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Système et procédé de revêtement par pulvérisation uniforme
US20080017734A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-24 Micheli Paul R System and method of uniform spray coating
US20100108784A1 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Spray gun having protective liner and light trigger pull
US9669419B2 (en) * 2008-11-05 2017-06-06 Carlisle Fluid Technologies, Inc. Spray gun having protective liner and light trigger pull
US10913079B2 (en) 2015-04-20 2021-02-09 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Low pressure spray tip configurations
US20170203314A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Robert J. Rose Two Component Airless Adhesive Spray Gun and Method of Use
US10799894B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2020-10-13 Graco Minnesota Inc. Spray tip
CN110167683A (zh) * 2017-01-05 2019-08-23 瓦格纳喷涂技术有限公司 高效无气喷头设计和使用
US11097286B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2021-08-24 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation High efficiency airless spray tip design and use
US10940498B2 (en) * 2017-09-14 2021-03-09 Wager Spray Tech Corporation Airless spray gun with improved trigger assembly
US11865568B2 (en) 2018-03-15 2024-01-09 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Spray tip design and manufacture
US12521742B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2026-01-13 Wagner Spray Tech Corp. Fluid applicator

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., 228 EAST 45

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPEEDFLO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004831/0017

Effective date: 19880129

Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., A DE. CORP

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPEEDFLO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004831/0017

Effective date: 19880129