US3868931A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3868931A
US3868931A US379816A US37981673A US3868931A US 3868931 A US3868931 A US 3868931A US 379816 A US379816 A US 379816A US 37981673 A US37981673 A US 37981673A US 3868931 A US3868931 A US 3868931A
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United States
Prior art keywords
piston
crankshaft
cylinder
working cylinder
internal combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US379816A
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English (en)
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Jean Ernest Dutry
Alfred Hubert Feyens
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
    • F01B7/14—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on different main shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/26—Multi-cylinder engines other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02B25/02 - F02B25/24
    • F02B25/28—Multi-cylinder engines other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02B25/02 - F02B25/24 with V-, fan-, or star-arrangement of cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT relates to an internal combustion engine of the type wherein there is associated with each working cylinder an additional cylinder communicating with the working cylinder and containing a piston which displaces a smaller volume than that of the working cylinder and co-operates with a crankshaft positively connected with the crankshaft of the working piston, which two crankshafts can be offset angularly relatively to one another, and in the said engine the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft cooperating with the piston of the additional cylinder is more than twice that of the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the working cylinder and is preferably 3 times as great.
  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine capable of using fluid fuels which contain no additives or few additives and of producing combustion gases which are poor in toxic substances.
  • the efficiency of the heat cycle is chiefly influenced by the compression ratio but the variations during the cycle of the linear speed of the piston operated by a connecting rod and crank system are such that the compression ratio which can be used is limited by the more or less explosive character of the fuel-air mixture used.
  • the difficulties are of a different kind but also are due to characteristics of the progress of the volume controlled by the connecting rod and crank system.
  • the fuel has to be prepared for rapid ignition (a quality characterised by the cetane number) as soon as injection begins. This is necessary because delaying the start of the combustion process gives an explosive character to the propagation of the flame, and also since the sudden increase in pressure would be applied at an unfavourable instant in the movement of the connecting rod and crank system.
  • an internal combustion engine satifies to a considerable extent the conditions mentioned hereinbefore when the frequency of the rotational speed of the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the additional cylinder is greater than twice that of the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the working cylinder and is preferably 3 times the speed of rotation of the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the latter cylinder.
  • the volume displaced by the piston of the additional cylinder is then advantageously between a fifth and a third of that displaced by the piston of the working cylinder and corresponds preferably to a quarter of the volume displaced by the piston of the working cylinder, the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the working cylinder being given a lead relatively to that which co-operates with the piston of the additional cylinder to the extent of an angle of between 15 and 45, advantageously about 30.
  • the progress of the sum of the volumes relatively to the progress of the volume of the working cylinder is such that during a decompression movement the sum of the volumes reaches its minimum shortly after the crankshaft co-operating with the working cylinder has moved through its upper dead centre, becomes at one given instant identical with the volume of the working cylinder, and then increases in the first portion of this movement more quickly than the volume of the working cylinder, slows down substantially at the beginning of the second portion of the movement, becomes at a given instant a second time identical with the volume of the working cylinder, to increase again more rapidly than the volume of the working cylinder and reach its maximum volume after the crankshaft co-operating with the piston of the working cylinder has moved through its lower dead centre.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically an engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the pattern of variation of the sum of the volumes of a working cylinder and an additional.
  • An internal combustion engine comprises one or more working cylinders 1 with a piston 2 co-operating by means of a connecting rod 3 with a crankshaft 4.
  • Each cylinder 1 communicates with an additional cylinder 5 provided with a piston 6 co-operating by means of a connecting rod 7 with a crankshaft 8.
  • the cylinder head common to the two cylinders l and 5 contains a combustion chamber 9.
  • the crankshafts 4 and 8 are connected to one another by positive drive means, for example gearwheels 10 and 11 and intermediate pinions 12.
  • the two cylinders are shown in FIG. 1 in a coaxial position but it will be apparent that they could be arranged otherwise, for example with parallel axes, especially when it is necessary to provide the space necessary for valves on the common cylinder head.
  • the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft 8 is preferably three times that of the crankshaft 1 and the volume displaced by the piston 6 is about a quarter of that displaced by the piston 2.
  • the crankshafts 1 and 8 are offset relatively to one another by an angle of about 30, the crankshaft 4 being in advance relatively to the crankshaft 8.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pattern of variation of the volumes displaced in the cylinders 1 and 5 of an internal combustion engine corresponding to the features indicated hereinbefore.
  • the y-axis y-y indicates the volumes displaced and the x-axis x-x the angles of rotation concerning the crankshaft 4 cooperating with the piston 2 of the working cylinder 1.
  • the line 14 corresponds to the volume displaced by the piston 2 and, shown at the other side of the x-axis, the line 15 to that displaced by the piston 6 of the additional cylinder.
  • the upper dead centres of the crankshafts 4 and 8 are situated on the x-axis itself, in the case of the crankshaft 4 at angles of 0 and 360, and as regards the crankshaft 8 at angles of 30, 150 and 270, the corresponding lower dead centres being at angles of 1 80 (crankshaft 4) and 90, 210, and 330 (crankshaft 8).
  • Line 16 represents the sum of the volumes displaced simultaneously by the pistons 2 and 6. This line has its culminating point at 17 representing the maximum volume of the group of two cylinders. This point 17 is reached after the crankshaft'4 has moved beyond its lower dead centre and is situated in a useful working position. The same applies as regards the minimum points 18 and 18' of the line 16, which occur when the crankshaft 4 has moved beyond its upper dead centre.
  • the line 16 on two occasions is in contact with the line 14, at the points 19 and 20 (angles of 30 and 150). Between the points 19 and 20, the sum of the volumes increases first of all more sharply than the volume according to the line 14 up to the angle of rotation of 90, and then increases between the angles of 90 and 150 substantially less than the volume indicated by the line 14. From the point 20 the increase in the sum of the volumes is again greater up to the point 17. This particular form of the line 16 between the points 4 l8 and 17 promotes the combustion of the fuel and makes it more complete.
  • the line 16 is substantially more considerably inclined than the line 14, which corresponds to a considerable compression at the beginning of the movement when the increase in compression remains without influence on the fuel from the point of view of its resistance to knocking.
  • the line 16 is again in contact with the line 14. From this point onwards, the line 16 is inclined to a smaller extent than the line 14 and thus there is a relatively slowed-down compression up to after the angle of rotation of 330, the minimum volume 18' being reached after the line 16 has intersected the vertical drawn on the angle of 360.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
US379816A 1972-07-18 1973-07-16 Internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3868931A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE119994 1972-07-18

Publications (1)

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US3868931A true US3868931A (en) 1975-03-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US379816A Expired - Lifetime US3868931A (en) 1972-07-18 1973-07-16 Internal combustion engine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3868931A (fr)
BE (1) BE786418A (fr)
DE (1) DE2336018A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2193419A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1432408A (fr)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4996953A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-03-05 Buck Erik S Two plus two stroke opposed piston heat engine
US5025757A (en) * 1990-09-13 1991-06-25 Larsen Gregory J Reciprocating piston engine with a varying compression ratio
US5289802A (en) * 1991-09-12 1994-03-01 Maxime Paquette Internal combustion engine having opposed pistons
US5713314A (en) * 1994-10-18 1998-02-03 Beare; Malcolm J. Dual piston internal combustion engine
RU2128778C1 (ru) * 1995-08-21 1999-04-10 Коротков Иван Васильевич Двигатель внутреннего сгорания с повышенным кпд
US6230671B1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2001-05-15 Raymond C. Achterberg Variable compression and asymmetrical stroke internal combustion engine
RU2168038C2 (ru) * 1995-08-05 2001-05-27 Ковентри Юниверсити, Двигатель внутреннего сгорания
US20030005896A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-09 Sarcos, Lc Rapid response power conversion device
US20030108830A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-06-12 Sarcos,Lc; Controllable combustion method and device
US20040198464A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-10-07 Jim Panian Wireless communication systems for vehicle-based private and conference calling and methods of operating same
US20050274332A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Lemke James U Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US20060021589A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Jacobsen Stephen C Valve system for a rapid response power conversion device
US20060144041A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-07-06 Jacobsen Stephen C Dynamic mass transfer rapid response power conversion system
US20060156727A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2006-07-20 Jacobsen Stephen C Method and apparatus for phase change driven actuator
US20060260565A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-23 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7360511B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2008-04-22 Achates Power, Inc. Opposed piston engine
US20080251050A1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-16 Jacobsen Stephen C Rapid-fire rapid-response power conversion system
US20100242891A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-09-30 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
CN109854370A (zh) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-07 湖南大兹动力科技有限公司 一种可变压缩比内燃机

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7900248A (nl) * 1979-01-12 1980-07-15 Wilhelmus Johannes Van Hoeven Combislagmotor en combi-as motor.
DE19605166A1 (de) * 1996-02-13 1997-08-14 Oestreicher Roland Dr Verbrennungsmotor für Antriebe generell
RU2140552C1 (ru) * 1997-09-30 1999-10-27 Московченко Александр Пантелеевич Четырехтактный комбинированный двигатель внутреннего сгорания (дизель) и способ сжатия воздушно-топливной смеси
RU2146011C1 (ru) * 1998-04-17 2000-02-27 Кияшко Алексей Геннадьевич Поршневая машина
RU2160842C1 (ru) * 1999-05-05 2000-12-20 Григорьев Владимир Петрович Устройство двигателя внутреннего сгорания
RU2246629C2 (ru) * 2002-12-31 2005-02-20 Усенков Сергей Степанович Способ оптимизации работы двс (двигателя внутреннего сгорания) и двигатель внутреннего сгорания для его осуществления

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788140A (en) * 1928-04-19 1931-01-06 Packard Motor Car Co Internal-combustion engine
US1914707A (en) * 1929-08-28 1933-06-20 Wolf Leslie Milton Internal combustion engine
US2199625A (en) * 1937-06-11 1940-05-07 Fiala-Fernbrugg Benno Double-piston internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788140A (en) * 1928-04-19 1931-01-06 Packard Motor Car Co Internal-combustion engine
US1914707A (en) * 1929-08-28 1933-06-20 Wolf Leslie Milton Internal combustion engine
US2199625A (en) * 1937-06-11 1940-05-07 Fiala-Fernbrugg Benno Double-piston internal combustion engine

Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4996953A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-03-05 Buck Erik S Two plus two stroke opposed piston heat engine
US5025757A (en) * 1990-09-13 1991-06-25 Larsen Gregory J Reciprocating piston engine with a varying compression ratio
WO1992005349A1 (fr) * 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 Larsen Gregory J Moteur a pistons alternatifs a taux de compression variable
US5289802A (en) * 1991-09-12 1994-03-01 Maxime Paquette Internal combustion engine having opposed pistons
US5713314A (en) * 1994-10-18 1998-02-03 Beare; Malcolm J. Dual piston internal combustion engine
RU2168038C2 (ru) * 1995-08-05 2001-05-27 Ковентри Юниверсити, Двигатель внутреннего сгорания
RU2128778C1 (ru) * 1995-08-21 1999-04-10 Коротков Иван Васильевич Двигатель внутреннего сгорания с повышенным кпд
US6230671B1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2001-05-15 Raymond C. Achterberg Variable compression and asymmetrical stroke internal combustion engine
US6938588B2 (en) * 1999-11-12 2005-09-06 Sarcos Investments, Lc Controllable combustion method and device
US20030108830A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-06-12 Sarcos,Lc; Controllable combustion method and device
US20060156727A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2006-07-20 Jacobsen Stephen C Method and apparatus for phase change driven actuator
US6957631B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2005-10-25 Sarcos Investments Lc Rapid response power conversion device
US7210430B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2007-05-01 Sarcos Investments Lc Rapid response power conversion device
CN1294355C (zh) * 2001-07-05 2007-01-10 萨科斯投资公司 快速响应动力转换装置
US20030005896A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-09 Sarcos, Lc Rapid response power conversion device
US20060070590A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2006-04-06 Sarcos Investments Lc Rapid response power conversion device
WO2003091558A3 (fr) * 2002-04-23 2004-04-29 Sarcos Invest Lc Procede et dispositif de controle de combustion
US20040198464A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-10-07 Jim Panian Wireless communication systems for vehicle-based private and conference calling and methods of operating same
US7156056B2 (en) * 2004-06-10 2007-01-02 Achates Power, Llc Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US20100186723A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2010-07-29 Achates Power, Llc Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US8281755B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2012-10-09 Achates Power, Inc. Internal combustion engine with provision for lubricating pistons
US7784436B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2010-08-31 Achates Power, Inc. Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US7591235B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2009-09-22 Achates Power, Inc. Opposed piston engine with piston compliance
US7549401B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2009-06-23 Achates Power, Inc. Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US7546819B2 (en) * 2004-06-10 2009-06-16 Achates Power. Two-stroke, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US20080314688A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2008-12-25 Achates Power, Inc. Internal combustion engine with provision for lubricating pistons
US20080163848A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2008-07-10 Achates Power, Inc. Opposed piston engine with piston compliance
US20070039572A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2007-02-22 Achates Power, Llc Two-stroke, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US20050274332A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Lemke James U Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine
US7360511B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2008-04-22 Achates Power, Inc. Opposed piston engine
US20060021589A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Jacobsen Stephen C Valve system for a rapid response power conversion device
US7066116B2 (en) 2004-07-29 2006-06-27 Sarcos Investments Lc Valve system for a rapid response power conversion device
WO2006015285A1 (fr) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-09 Sarcos Investments Lc Dispositif de conversion d'energie a reponse rapide pour systeme de soupape
US20060144041A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-07-06 Jacobsen Stephen C Dynamic mass transfer rapid response power conversion system
US7363887B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2008-04-29 Raytheon Sarcos, Llc Dynamic mass transfer rapid response power conversion system
US20060260566A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-23 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7707975B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-05-04 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7404381B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2008-07-29 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20080087162A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-04-17 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7325517B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2008-02-05 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20060260563A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-23 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20060260564A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-23 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7328672B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2008-02-12 Tendik Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7650860B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-01-26 Iris Engines, Inc. Engine with pivoting type piston
US7392768B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2008-07-01 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7753011B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-07-13 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20080087237A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-04-17 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US7770546B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-08-10 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20100206258A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-08-19 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20060260565A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-23 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US8100094B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2012-01-24 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20100282201A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-11-11 Iris Engines, Inc. Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
US20080251050A1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-16 Jacobsen Stephen C Rapid-fire rapid-response power conversion system
US20100242891A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-09-30 Timber Dick Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
CN109854370A (zh) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-07 湖南大兹动力科技有限公司 一种可变压缩比内燃机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE786418A (fr) 1972-11-16
DE2336018A1 (de) 1974-02-14
FR2193419A5 (fr) 1974-02-15
GB1432408A (en) 1976-04-14

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