US3872415A - Relay - Google Patents

Relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US3872415A
US3872415A US351750A US35175073A US3872415A US 3872415 A US3872415 A US 3872415A US 351750 A US351750 A US 351750A US 35175073 A US35175073 A US 35175073A US 3872415 A US3872415 A US 3872415A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
contact arm
relay
arm portion
contact
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US351750A
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English (en)
Inventor
David E Clarke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texas Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Texas Instruments Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Texas Instruments Inc filed Critical Texas Instruments Inc
Priority to US351750A priority Critical patent/US3872415A/en
Priority to CA194,044A priority patent/CA1021659A/fr
Priority to FR7412612A priority patent/FR2225567B1/fr
Priority to DE2418351A priority patent/DE2418351A1/de
Priority to GB1668174A priority patent/GB1470332A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3872415A publication Critical patent/US3872415A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/08—Multi-step processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D06L4/17—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen in an inert solvent

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A relay which is operable at very low power levels and which is highly versatile in its applications is shown to be characterized by high gain and high reliability and by simplicity of structure.
  • the relay comprises a first terminal mounted on a base of electrically insulating material and a second electrically conductive member having a terminal portion secured to the base, having a contact arm movable between an open circuit position spaced from the first terminal and a closed circuit position engaging the first terminal, and having integral spring portions connecting the contact arm and terminal portion of the second member for normally biasing the contact arm to one of the noted circuit positions.
  • the relay also includes an actuator wire secured between the base and the contact arm of the second member.
  • the actuator wire is formed of a nickel-titanium alloy and is adapted to be deformed from an original length toa second length as the contact arm is moved to the one circuit position in response to the noted spring bias while the wire material displays a relatively low modulus of elasticity below a transition temperature.
  • the actuator wire is also adapted to abruptly return to its original length and to display a relatively higher modulus of elasticity to move the contact arm to the other circuit position against the spring bias when the wire material is heated above its transition temperature.
  • Means are provided for electrically self-heating the actuator wire to its transition temperature when relay operation is desired.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the relay of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the relay shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevation view of the relay shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a section view along line 44 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial section view to enlarged scale along line 5-5 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a component of the relay of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a section view similar to FIG. 4 illustrating an alternate embodiment of the relay of this invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a section view similar to FIG. 4 illustrating another alternate embodiment of the relay of this invention.
  • 10 indicates v a preferred embodiment of the relay of this invention which is shown to include a base member 12 of a strong, rigid, electrically insulating material such as a phenolic resin.
  • the base has a flat, bottom portion 12.1 and a generally U-shaped wall portion formed by upstanding walls 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4, the end wall 12.3 preferably having an aperture 12.5 therein receiving an electrically conductive output terminal member 14.
  • the terminal 14 is secured in the aperture 12.5 by a press fit or in other conventional manner and extends in cantilever relation over the base bottom to support a first, stationary, output electrical contact 16.
  • the relay 10 also includes a second electrically conductive member 18, best shown in FIG. 6, which integrally incorporates an output terminal portion 18.1 including two leg portions 18.2 and 18.3, a contact arm portion 18.4, and a pair of spring portions 18.5 and 18.6 which connect the contact arm 18.4 to the respective legs 18.2 and 18.3 of the terminal portion of the second conductive member.
  • the second conductive member 18 also includes an integral tang portion 18.7 upstanding from the contact arm, the tang preferably having reentrant surfaces thereon as indicated at 18.8 in FIG. 6.
  • the second conductive member 18 is formed of beryllium copper or phosphor bronze or other electrically conductive spring material and carries a second output contact 20 at the distal end of the contact arm 18.4.
  • the conductive member 18 is secured to the base 12 by cementing or in other conventional manner for disposing the contact 20 over the contact 16 as is best shown in FIG. 4.
  • the tang 18.7 and the contact arm 18.4 form a bell-crank element which is pivotably movable around an axis (indicated by the broken line 22 in FIG. 1) formed by the spring portions 18.5 and 18.6 of the conductive member.
  • the contact arm 18.4 is normally disposed out of the general plane of the second conductive member 18 by deforming of the spring portions 18.5 and 18.6 as is best illustrated in FIG. 5. Accordingly, the contact arm 18.4 is normally biased to the open circuit position illustrated in FIG. 4 so that the contact 20 carried by the contact arm is normally separated or disengaged from the mating output contact 16'. However, the contact arm 18.4 is adapted to be moved to a closed circuit position wherein the contact 20 engages the contact 16 with selected contact pressure.
  • the terminal 14 and the terminal portion 18.1 of the second conductive member are adapted to be connected to a device diagrammatically indicated in FIG. 1 by the terminals 24 and 26 so that the device is energized when the output circuit formed by the terminal 14 and the conductive member 18 is closed by engagement of the contacts 16 and 20.
  • a second base component 28 also preferably formed of phenolic resin or other electrically insulating material and also of generally U-shaped configuration, is then secured to the other side of the conductive member 18.
  • An actuator wire 32 is then secured in electrically conductive relation between the control terminals 30 to extend around the tang 18.7 of the second conductive member 18.
  • Preferably a length of electrically insulating tubing 34 is fitted over the actuator wire 32 as shown for electrically insulating the actuator wire from the second conductive member.
  • the control terminals 30 are adapted to be connected to a control system, indicated in FIG. 1 by the terminals 36 and 38, for selectively directing electrical current through the metal actuator wire 32 when desired.
  • the actuator wire 32 is preferably formed of a selected nickel-titanium alloy commonly called Nitinol having a composition, by weight, of from about 54 to 56 percent nickel and the balance titanium.
  • Nitinol having a composition, by weight, of from about 54 to 56 percent nickel and the balance titanium.
  • the alloy is not further described herein and it will be understood that the alloy is adapted to display a relatively low modulus of elasticity below a characteristic transitiontemperature and to display a relatively much higher modulus of elasticity when the wire material is heated above the noted transition temperature, this change in properties being reversible as the wire material is cooled below the transition temperature.
  • the noted alloy is also adapted to display remarkable shape memory properties.
  • the wire 32 is formed of a nickel-titanium alloy comprising about 55 percent nickel, by weight, and the balance titanium, this alloy having a transition temperature at about 60C. and having alternately, the wire 32 is formed of other known metal alloys-capable of displaying similar shape memory and modulus of elasticity properties.
  • the wire 32 when electrical current is selectively directed through the wire 32 between the relay control terminals for electrically self-heating the material of the wire above its transition temperature, the wireis sharply or abruptly shortened injlength returning to its original configuration and is sharply increased in modulus of elasticity for moving the contact arm 18.4 to its closed circuit position against the bias ofthe spring portions 18.5 and 18.6 to engage the contact 20 with its mating contact 16 for closing the output circuit of the relay.
  • the wire 321 is thereafter. permitted to cool below its transition temperature,'whereby the modulus of elasticity of the wire material returns to its low initial level, the spring portions 18.5 and 18.6 again deform the wire to increase i'ts length and again return the contact arm 18.4 to its open circuit position.
  • the spring portion 18.5 and 18.6 of the second conductive member are initially deformed to a selectedex'tent as illustrated in FIG. 5 for adjusting the tension the spring portions apply to the wire 32 and for adjusting the contact pressure between the contacts 20 and 16 when
  • the wire has a cross-sectionalarea less than about 1.5 X 10 square inches and typically the wire has a diameter of about 0.002inc'hes and a length of about 2 inches.
  • the wire is adapted to be heated from room temperature to its transition temperature with very low input of electrical energy at low current levels but is adapted to provide significant movement of the contact arm 18.4 and to apply substantial contact pressure between the contacts 20 and 16 so that the relay can switch substantial currents.
  • the relay is operable at very low power levels but provides very high gain.
  • the relay l0 is operable at a power level below 2 watts and preferably below 0.5 watts but displays a very high gain, preferably greater than about 500 to l and preferably on the order of 10,000 to. l, and can switch 50 amperes at I20 volts across the contacts 20 and 16.
  • the relay 10 is also of compact, reliable and very inexpensive construction. In addition, the relay is very versatile in its applications. Note that, as illustrated by the broken lines 40 in FIG. 2, a plurality of the relays 10 are adapted to be stacked together in a very compact package. I
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 various alternate embodiments of the relay 10 are also included within the scope of this invention as is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. That is, referring to FIG. 7 wherein components of the relay 42 shown therein which are comparable to components of the relay l0 ae identified with corresponding reference numerals, the relay 42 is shown to include'a base 12 supporting a first output terminal 14 to carry a contact 16 as in the relay '10. In addition, howeventhe second base element 28 is also provided with an aperture 28.2
  • the second conductive member '18 is then provided withan additional contact 48 as shown.
  • the tang 18.7 of the conductive member- 18' previously 'described is-also replaced by a bell-crank arm member 50 of electrically insulating material which is secured to the contact arm 18.4 by a screw 52 or the like and which carries aboss 54, also preferably comprising a screw threadedly engaged with the bell-crank'arm 50, around which the actuator wire 32 extends.
  • the contacts 46 and 48 are normally engaged for closing a first output circuit of the relay while the contacts 20 and 16 are disengaged leaving a second output circuit of the relay open.
  • the acturator wire 32 is heated above its transition temperature by directing electrical current through the wire, the contact arm 18.4 moves as in the relay 10 to engage the contacts 16 and 20 for closing the second output circuit and to open the first output circuit of the relay.
  • a first conductive member I8 is then secured to the base 12 as in relay 10.
  • Another base element 58 having an aperture 58.1 receiving a second output terminal 60 carrying a contact 62 is then mounted on the conductive member 18, the contact 62 being oriented upwardly as shown in FIG. 8.
  • An additional conductive member 18 is then mounted on the second base element 58 for disposing its contact 20 to A be engaged with the output contact 62.
  • a base element 28 is then secured on top of this additional conductive member 18 as shown in H0. 8.
  • Neither of the conductive members 18 embodied in the relay 56 is provided with a tang 18.7 but bell-crank arm elements 64 and 66 are secured to the conductive members 18 by a screw 52 and by a pin 68 so that the two contact arms 18.4 are arranged to move together.
  • the actuator wire 32 is then extended around a screw boss 54 as in the relay 42. In this arrangement, two relay output circuits are normally open. However, when the actuator wire 32 is heated above its transition temperature, the wire shortens in length to move both contact arms 18.4 to engage one of the contacts 20 with the contact 16 and to engage the other circuit 20 with the contact 62 for closing two output circuits of the relay.
  • conductive member 18 and the control terminals 30 of the relay could all be mounted on a single base element having the general configuration of the end wall 12.3 of the base described with reference to relay 10 for significantly reducing the size and weight of the relay.
  • Other such modifications would be recognized by persons skilled in the art. It should be understood that this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the disclosed embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
  • a relay comprising electrically insulating base means. a first conductive member mounted on said base means. a second conductive member formed of a single sheet of electrically conductive sheet material having a pair of spaced first portions secured to said base means, having a contact arm portion extending in cantilever relation from the remainder of said second member between said first portions of said second member and movable at its distal end between an open circuit position spaced from said first conductive member and a closed circuit position engaging said first conductive member, and having spring means integrally formed in said sheet material-respectively connecting said first member portions with an opposite end of said contact arm portion of said second conductive member and normally biasing said contact arm portion to one of said circuit positions, and an actuator wire element secured between said opposite end of said contact arm portion and said base means, said actuator element being formed of a metal alloy adapted to be deformed from an original configuration to a second configuration as said contact arm portion is moved to said one circuit position by said spring bias while said metal alloy displays a relatively low modulus of elasticity below a transition temperature and to abrupt
  • a relay comprising a base means of electrically insulating material having a bottom and having a pair of upstanding side walls and an end wall forming a base wall portion of generally U-shaped configuration, a first electrically conductive terminal member cantilever mounted on said end wall and mounting a first electrical contact at the distal end thereof over said bottom of said base means, a second member formed of a single sheet of electrically conductive spring material having a terminal portion including two leg portions thereof secured to said side walls of said base means, having a contact arm portion extending in cantilever relation from the remainder of said second member and mounting a second electrical contact means thereon at the distal end of said-contact arm portion for movement between an open circuit position spaced from said first contact and a closed circuit position engaging said first contact, and having spring portions integrally formed from said sheet material extending between respective leg portions and an opposite end of said contact arm portion of said second conductive member over said bottom of said base means and normally biasing said contact arm portion to said open circuit position, a bell-crank arm secured to said opposite end of said
  • a relay as set forth in claim 5 having an additional electrically conductive terminal member cantilever mounted on said base means and mounting an additional electrical contact at the distal end thereof to normally engage said second contact means and to be disengaged from said second means when said actuator wire is heated to said transition temperature.
  • a relay as set forth in claim 5 having a plurality of said conductive terminal members mounting respective electrical contacts and mounted on said base means, having a plurality of said members of electrically conductive spring material mounted on said base means and having respective contacts mounted on the contact arm portions thereof, and having means for connecting said contact arm portions of said spring members together for common movement to engage respective spring member contacts with respective contacts mounted on said terminal members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
US351750A 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Relay Expired - Lifetime US3872415A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US351750A US3872415A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Relay
CA194,044A CA1021659A (fr) 1973-04-16 1974-03-05 Procede de blanchiment au solvant
FR7412612A FR2225567B1 (fr) 1973-04-16 1974-04-10
DE2418351A DE2418351A1 (de) 1973-04-16 1974-04-16 Verfahren und zusammensetzung zum bleichen von textilien
GB1668174A GB1470332A (en) 1973-04-16 1974-04-16 Fabric treatment

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35173073A 1973-04-16 1973-04-16
US351750A US3872415A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Relay
US41341073A 1973-11-06 1973-11-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3872415A true US3872415A (en) 1975-03-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US351750A Expired - Lifetime US3872415A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Relay

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3872415A (fr)
CA (1) CA1021659A (fr)
DE (1) DE2418351A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2225567B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1470332A (fr)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4553393A (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-11-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Memory metal actuator
US4559512A (en) * 1983-03-14 1985-12-17 Raychem Corporation Self-protecting and conditioning memory metal actuator
US4658321A (en) * 1984-08-13 1987-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermal overload protection apparatus for a commutator or slipring motor
US4679023A (en) * 1986-08-14 1987-07-07 Honeywell Inc. Over-temperature control for a thermostat
US4684913A (en) * 1986-09-05 1987-08-04 Raychem Corporation Slider lifter
US4713643A (en) * 1986-12-23 1987-12-15 Raychem Corporation Low loss circuit breaker and actuator mechanism therefor
WO1988000325A1 (fr) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-14 Davis Thomas O Jr Article utilisant un alliage a memoire de forme pour ameliorer et/ou commander la vitesse de recuperation
US4827108A (en) * 1987-02-25 1989-05-02 Thorn Emi Plc Substrates for supporting electrical tracks and/or components
US4839479A (en) * 1986-06-30 1989-06-13 Davis Jr Thomas O Article using shape-memory alloy to improve and/or control the speed of recovery
US5351042A (en) * 1991-03-19 1994-09-27 Yale Security Products Limited Lock, key and combination of lock and key
WO1995020234A1 (fr) * 1994-01-21 1995-07-27 Littelfuse, Inc. Dispositif fusible rupteur ou reenclenchable ameliore
US5990777A (en) * 1998-08-05 1999-11-23 The Whitaker Corporation Shape-memory wire actuated switch
US6037685A (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-03-14 Shop-Vac Corporation Thermal protection apparatus for electric motors
US6078244A (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-06-20 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal switch
US6184601B1 (en) 1999-02-24 2001-02-06 Shop Vac Corporation Thermally responsive protection apparatus
US20030156006A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2003-08-21 Martin Hanke Bistable electric switch and relay with a bistable electrical switch
US6762669B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-07-13 C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni Shape memory actuator with bi-stable operation
US20160193708A1 (en) * 2015-01-05 2016-07-07 Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Broken tool detection mechanism and computer numerical conrol machine using same
US10607798B2 (en) * 2018-05-14 2020-03-31 Te Connectivity Corporation Power switch device with shape memory alloy actuator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2406954A1 (fr) 2000-05-23 2001-11-29 Vijaya Milind Bargaje Procede de nettoyage de tissus

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2761931A (en) * 1953-04-07 1956-09-04 Schmidinger Joseph Wire controlled snap switch
US2838645A (en) * 1956-11-14 1958-06-10 Gen Electric Surface heating unit control system
US3037102A (en) * 1961-02-06 1962-05-29 Schmidinger Joseph Snap switch
US3111566A (en) * 1960-05-27 1963-11-19 John H Jaidinger Hot wire switch for directional signals and the like
US3180954A (en) * 1962-03-05 1965-04-27 Guardian Electric Mfg Company Hot wire relay
US3405380A (en) * 1965-12-06 1968-10-08 Mc Graw Edison Co Thermal relay having separate heater means to open or close the relay
US3461424A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-08-12 Joseph Kayuha Jr Pressure controlled device for producing varying flashing signals
US3516082A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-06-02 Roy G Cooper Temperature sensing devices
US3634803A (en) * 1969-07-22 1972-01-11 Robertshaw Controls Co Temperature-responsive switch assemblies
US3652969A (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-03-28 Robertshaw Controls Co Method and apparatus for stabilizing and employing temperature sensitive materials exhibiting martensitic transitions
US3676815A (en) * 1969-07-28 1972-07-11 Essex International Inc Thermally sensitive controls for electric circuits
US3739314A (en) * 1970-09-23 1973-06-12 Renault Heat responsive switching devices

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2761931A (en) * 1953-04-07 1956-09-04 Schmidinger Joseph Wire controlled snap switch
US2838645A (en) * 1956-11-14 1958-06-10 Gen Electric Surface heating unit control system
US3111566A (en) * 1960-05-27 1963-11-19 John H Jaidinger Hot wire switch for directional signals and the like
US3037102A (en) * 1961-02-06 1962-05-29 Schmidinger Joseph Snap switch
US3180954A (en) * 1962-03-05 1965-04-27 Guardian Electric Mfg Company Hot wire relay
US3405380A (en) * 1965-12-06 1968-10-08 Mc Graw Edison Co Thermal relay having separate heater means to open or close the relay
US3461424A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-08-12 Joseph Kayuha Jr Pressure controlled device for producing varying flashing signals
US3516082A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-06-02 Roy G Cooper Temperature sensing devices
US3652969A (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-03-28 Robertshaw Controls Co Method and apparatus for stabilizing and employing temperature sensitive materials exhibiting martensitic transitions
US3634803A (en) * 1969-07-22 1972-01-11 Robertshaw Controls Co Temperature-responsive switch assemblies
US3676815A (en) * 1969-07-28 1972-07-11 Essex International Inc Thermally sensitive controls for electric circuits
US3739314A (en) * 1970-09-23 1973-06-12 Renault Heat responsive switching devices

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559512A (en) * 1983-03-14 1985-12-17 Raychem Corporation Self-protecting and conditioning memory metal actuator
US4553393A (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-11-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Memory metal actuator
US4658321A (en) * 1984-08-13 1987-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermal overload protection apparatus for a commutator or slipring motor
WO1988000325A1 (fr) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-14 Davis Thomas O Jr Article utilisant un alliage a memoire de forme pour ameliorer et/ou commander la vitesse de recuperation
US4759293A (en) * 1986-06-30 1988-07-26 Davis Jr Thomas O Article using shape-memory alloy to improve and/or control the speed of recovery
US4839479A (en) * 1986-06-30 1989-06-13 Davis Jr Thomas O Article using shape-memory alloy to improve and/or control the speed of recovery
US4679023A (en) * 1986-08-14 1987-07-07 Honeywell Inc. Over-temperature control for a thermostat
US4684913A (en) * 1986-09-05 1987-08-04 Raychem Corporation Slider lifter
US4713643A (en) * 1986-12-23 1987-12-15 Raychem Corporation Low loss circuit breaker and actuator mechanism therefor
US4827108A (en) * 1987-02-25 1989-05-02 Thorn Emi Plc Substrates for supporting electrical tracks and/or components
US5351042A (en) * 1991-03-19 1994-09-27 Yale Security Products Limited Lock, key and combination of lock and key
WO1995020234A1 (fr) * 1994-01-21 1995-07-27 Littelfuse, Inc. Dispositif fusible rupteur ou reenclenchable ameliore
US5990777A (en) * 1998-08-05 1999-11-23 The Whitaker Corporation Shape-memory wire actuated switch
US6078244A (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-06-20 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal switch
US6037685A (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-03-14 Shop-Vac Corporation Thermal protection apparatus for electric motors
US6184601B1 (en) 1999-02-24 2001-02-06 Shop Vac Corporation Thermally responsive protection apparatus
US20030156006A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2003-08-21 Martin Hanke Bistable electric switch and relay with a bistable electrical switch
US6943653B2 (en) * 2000-06-19 2005-09-13 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Bistable electric switch and relay with a bi-stable electrical switch
US6762669B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-07-13 C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni Shape memory actuator with bi-stable operation
US20160193708A1 (en) * 2015-01-05 2016-07-07 Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Broken tool detection mechanism and computer numerical conrol machine using same
US9981359B2 (en) * 2015-01-05 2018-05-29 Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Broken tool detection mechanism and computer numerical conrol machine using same
US10607798B2 (en) * 2018-05-14 2020-03-31 Te Connectivity Corporation Power switch device with shape memory alloy actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2225567A1 (fr) 1974-11-08
DE2418351A1 (de) 1974-11-21
GB1470332A (en) 1977-04-14
CA1021659A (fr) 1977-11-29
FR2225567B1 (fr) 1977-10-14

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