US3872913A - Continuous method and apparatus for upwards casting - Google Patents

Continuous method and apparatus for upwards casting Download PDF

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Publication number
US3872913A
US3872913A US095038A US9503870A US3872913A US 3872913 A US3872913 A US 3872913A US 095038 A US095038 A US 095038A US 9503870 A US9503870 A US 9503870A US 3872913 A US3872913 A US 3872913A
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Prior art keywords
melt
nozzle
cooler
product
casting
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US095038A
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English (en)
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Timo Jorma Juhani Lohikoski
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Outokumpu Oyj
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Outokumpu Oyj
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Melt is continuously drawn upwards from a supply of the melt by suction through a vertical graphite nozzle the upper portion of which is cooled to solidify the melt enough in the nozzle to endure pulling the solidified product upwards through a cooler having a crosssection which is somewhat greater than that of the product.
  • a support for a vertical cooler having three pipes defining a tortuous flow passage therebetween the ends of which are provided with an inlet and an outlet for passing e.g. cooling water through the passage.
  • the innermost tube of the cooler through which the product is pulled is of somewhat greater diameter than the product and has an opening at the upper part thereof to create suction inside the apparatus.
  • a graphite nozzle Coaxially attached to and partially surrounded by the lower part of the cooler there is a graphite nozzle the lower end of which is immersed in the melt supply.
  • One method for continuous casting uses a nozzle of solid graphite in which the melt is solidified and can be drawn out continuously through the nozzle.
  • the shape of the hole of the graphite nozzle determines the shape ofthe cross section of the casting.
  • the shape can be round or in different profiles.
  • tubelike articles can be cast by providing the nozzle with a graphite core. However, in this case the casting is more difficult and the nozzle must be changed more often.
  • the cooling area is formed by a vertical tubelike piece; the inner diameter of this piece determines the diameter of the lbar to be cast.
  • To the lower end of this tubelike piece is connected at continuation made of refractory material the purpose of which is to conduct melt from the melt container to the cool ing area, or to the tube mentioned above.
  • an improved method for upwards casting of profiled products in which the upper portion of the nozzle is cooled so as to solidify the product, before it leaves the nozzle by pulling, enough to endure the pulling into the cooler where it is further cooled.
  • a nozzle for example, a graphite nozzle.
  • the suction device is connected to the upper part of the cooler with a suction pipe.
  • This pipe has three simultaneous functions: to support the nozzle and the cooler, to conduct cooling water to and from the cooler, and to aftercool the casting.
  • Each casting nozzle can be changed and casting started or interrupted without disturbing the other nozzles.
  • the size of the nozzle can be the smallest possible because of the elimination of the difficult passages through masonry with possible torsional stress and the dimensional requirements set by them. As a result, the use of expensive, wearing graphite is reduced to the minimum and the devices are small so that several of them can be fitted to the same melt container.
  • the nozzle is always in line with the pulling devices because it can be connected to the latter with stiff structural parts and is independent from the structural parts of the furnace.
  • the furnace itself need not be tiltable and. consequently, its structure is simpler.
  • the solidifying front. or the interface between the melt and the solid matter, is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the casting, while it forms an oblique angle in horizontal casting. This is clearly advantageous, especially when a pipe is being cast. because an oblique solidifying front around a conical core causes eccentricity in the pipe wall. In this respect, upward casting is comparable to downward vertical casting.
  • the melt in the furnace is always hotter and, consequently, also lighter than the melt along the solidifying front. These differences of density will cause flows in the melt so that, close to the nozzle walls, cooled melt will sink and, respectively, in the middle, hot melt will rise to sink to the walls along the solidifying surface.
  • a continuous flow of fresh melt rinses the solidifying surface, preventing impurities (such as gases) from concentrating in front of the cooling surface and from thus causing flaws in the casting.
  • the metallostatic pressure prevailing inside the nozzle can be reduced more in upward casting than in other casting methods.
  • the pressure is of the same magnitude around the entire nozzle, the case being the opposite in horizontal casting in which the pressure is greater on the lower surface than on the upper.
  • the smallness of this pressure is an essential advantage because the pressure pushes the already solidified thin surface layer against the inner surface of the nozzle and thus creates frictional forces in proportion to the pressure.
  • the reduction of pressure reduces the frictional forces and, firstly, decreases the wearing of the graphite, and, secondly, limits the cracking of the thin solidified surface layer when it glides along the surface of the nozzle. Close to the melting point, metals are often fragile and do not endure the pulling strain caused by the frictional forces; the strain is the smallest possible in upward casting.
  • the size of the vacuum can be made large enough (for example, by lengthening the nozzle) to make the gases escape from themelt, causing a continuous vacuum casting.
  • FIG. 1 One application for the casting of solid thread or bar is shown in FIG. 1.
  • Part 7 is the actual graphite nozzle, the lower end of which is immersed under the surface of the melt. Its upper end is surrounded by cooler 6.
  • Concentric pipes 3, 4, and together with frame part 2 form the supporting arm of the cooler.
  • At the upper end of frame part 2 there is changeable part 1, which has an opening corresponding to the article to be cast and which serves as a packing sleeve against the pressure of the open air.
  • a suitable underpressure is sucked into pipe 5 through opening C; the underpressure lifts melted metal to the cooling area of the nozzle.
  • the lower end of pipe 4 has been soldered to cooler 6 and its upper end packed to frame part 2.
  • Cooling water comes through opening A in frame part2, and runs first along the space between pipes 3 and 4 to the lower part of cooler 6. There it moves to the narrow space between pipe 5 and the inner mantle of the cooler, where the cooling is particularly effective because of the increase of velocity, and from there on upward along the space between pipes 4 and 5 to discharge opening B. At this time it simultaneously cools the casting product drawn upward inside pipe 4. Above part 1 there is, as usual, drawing equipment of continuous casting and, if necessary, cutting and reeling devices.
  • the melt is cooled sufficiently as it passes through the nozzle 7 to solidify before leaving the nozzle to a sufficient extent that the product formed in the nozzle can be pulled upward out of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle structure acts as the mold for shaping the product which solidifies as the melt passes therethrough.
  • a device according to FIG. I can be used to cast bars of different size by only changing the nozzle and the packing sleeve at the upper end.
  • alloys difficult to cast for instance, alloys that corrode the nozzle graphite
  • alloys that corrode the nozzle graphite can be cast with the described method because the changing of the nozzle does not greatly disturb effective operation of the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is understood as a cross section of a longer. flat chill mold, it shows a device for the casting of platelike products.
  • FIG. 2 shows an application of the method for the casting of tubelike blanks.
  • the inner diameter ofthis part determining the outer diameter of the pipe to be cast; and also conical core 8 with its lower end connected to outer part 9 the core determining the inner diameter of the pipe and, thus, also the thickness of the pipe wall.
  • the core part there are channels to conduct melt to the ringlike nozzle cavity.
  • the cooling organs consist of frame part 3 to which are attached outer pipe 4, inner pipe 5, and intermediary pipe 6.
  • the outer and inner pipes are connected at the lower end by nozzle cooler 7.
  • Intermediary pipe 6 extends as far as the inside of the cooler and forms, to gether with the inner mantle of the cooler, a narrow space where the velocity of cooling water increases to make cooling more effective. Cooling water flows in through opening A in frame part 3. It flows along the space between pipes 4 and 6 to the lower part of the nozzle cooler whence it flows through the narrow space mentioned above into the space between pipes 5 and 6. There it flows upward, finally flowing out through opening B in the frame part. At the same time it cools the cast pipe moving upward inside pipe 5.
  • Frame part 3 as shown in FIG. 2, has been attached tightly with fastening corners to underpressure chamber 1 above it, in which the necessary underpressure is maintained with suitable suction, effected e.g. by a vac uum pump.
  • the upward pulling of a cast bar or similar product may be effected by using rotating rollers or suitable jaws which are both well known in casting technique.
  • Cutting may be effected with a saw. a face plate, etc.
  • the devices according to FIG. 1 were used to cast Tp 107 bar according to TES 437-74 with a diameter of 17 mm.
  • the temperature of the melted metal was 1080-l 100.
  • the underpressure prevailing in the chill mold was 500 mm standard pressure and the flowing velocity of cooling water l/min. In this case the production was 50 cm/min, or 60 kg/h per nozzle.
  • An improved continuous method of upwards casting of profiled products such as bars, plates and pipes in which melt is sucked above the surface of the melt into a nozzle where it is solidified and then pulled upwards through a cooler to form a solidified product, the improvement comprising:
  • a vertical cooler attached to the support and comprising three concentric pipes defining a passage therebetween having an inlet and an outlet for coolant medium, the innermost pipe having a greater cross-section than the product and an opening for creating suction inside said innermost pipe;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
US095038A 1969-12-15 1970-12-04 Continuous method and apparatus for upwards casting Expired - Lifetime US3872913A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI693631A FI46810C (fi) 1969-12-15 1969-12-15 Laite tankojen, levyjen, putkien ym. ylöspäin suuntautuvaa valua varte n.

Publications (1)

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US3872913A true US3872913A (en) 1975-03-25

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US095038A Expired - Lifetime US3872913A (en) 1969-12-15 1970-12-04 Continuous method and apparatus for upwards casting

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3872913A (de)
JP (1) JPS5027032B1 (de)
CH (1) CH521807A (de)
DE (1) DE2060451B2 (de)
FI (1) FI46810C (de)
FR (1) FR2077552B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1328399A (de)
SE (1) SE371379B (de)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019565A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-04-26 Creusot-Loire Vallourec Ingot mold for continuous rotary casting
US4086953A (en) * 1975-02-24 1978-05-02 Kraklau David M Shot sleeve
US4146082A (en) * 1977-07-27 1979-03-27 Cabot Corporation Vacuum chucks
FR2430283A1 (fr) * 1978-07-03 1980-02-01 Cabot Corp Procede et appareil de moulage de pieces allongees metalliques par aspiration
US4211270A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-07-08 Kennecott Copper Corporation Method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4301857A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-11-24 Kennecott Corporation Oscillating mold casting apparatus
US4307770A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-12-29 Kennecott Corporation Mold assembly and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
EP0042995A1 (de) * 1980-06-09 1982-01-06 Kennecott Corporation Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Stranggiessen metallischer Litze bei aussergewöhnlich hohen Geschwindigkeiten unter Verwendung einer oszillierenden Formeinrichtung
FR2485963A1 (fr) * 1980-07-02 1982-01-08 Gen Electric Procede et appareils de coulee continue de pieces metalliques avec alimentation electromagnetique ascendante
US4355680A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-10-26 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for continuous casting of hollow articles
EP0149063A1 (de) * 1983-12-30 1985-07-24 GTE Products Corporation Kontinuierliches Plattieren von Eisenlegierungen mit geschmolzenem Kupfer
US4611651A (en) * 1983-07-12 1986-09-16 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal pipe with integral end fitting
US4612971A (en) * 1978-07-28 1986-09-23 Kennecott Corporation Method and apparatus for the continuous production of strip using oscillating mold assembly
US4719965A (en) * 1980-07-02 1988-01-19 General Electric Company Continuous metal casting method
US4734254A (en) * 1986-12-15 1988-03-29 The Nippert Company Enhanced machining anneal resistant copper alloy
US4736789A (en) * 1978-07-28 1988-04-12 Kennecott Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds using an oscillating mold assembly
US4911226A (en) * 1987-08-13 1990-03-27 The Standard Oil Company Method and apparatus for continuously casting strip steel
US5044911A (en) * 1989-04-06 1991-09-03 United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for injection casting metallic nuclear energy fuel rods
US5341867A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-08-30 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic levitation type continuous metal casting apparatus
US5404932A (en) * 1990-10-17 1995-04-11 Outokumpu Castform Oy Apparatus and method for intensifying cooling in the casting of metal objects
CN1046876C (zh) * 1990-10-17 1999-12-01 欧托库普·卡斯特福股份有限公司 金属铸造中激烈冷却铸件的装置
US20090224443A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Rundquist Victor F Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals
WO2010133765A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle for the vertical upwards continuous casting of metal
WO2011061397A1 (en) 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle for a rod, wire or pipe in upward vertical metal casting
US8574336B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2013-11-05 Southwire Company Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals
US8652397B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-02-18 Southwire Company Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system
WO2015055887A1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle assembly for casting of a metallic pipe
US9528167B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2016-12-27 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals
CN108746519A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2018-11-06 尚成荣 一种上引连铸机水压可调冷却水系统
US10233515B1 (en) 2015-08-14 2019-03-19 Southwire Company, Llc Metal treatment station for use with ultrasonic degassing system
CN113134596A (zh) * 2021-04-22 2021-07-20 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种低氧含量稀土丝的制备方法
WO2021186105A1 (en) 2020-03-19 2021-09-23 Upcast Oy Process of producing a non-ferrous metallic tube

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1183322A (en) * 1981-01-26 1985-03-05 Calvin Rushforth Fluid cooled casting apparatus having improved fluid seal
US4414285A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-11-08 General Electric Company Continuous metal casting method, apparatus and product
FR2557820B1 (fr) * 1984-01-10 1987-05-07 Pont A Mousson Dispositif d'alimentation en metal liquide pour installation de coulee continue verticale d'un tube metallique, notamment en fonte
FI73612C (fi) * 1985-10-22 1991-05-29 Vertic Oy Kombinerat gjutmunstycke foer kontinuerlig uppaotriktad gjutning av staong- och roerformade produkter.
JP5930993B2 (ja) * 2013-01-17 2016-06-08 権田金属工業株式会社 鋳造棒・管製造方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1088171A (en) * 1913-01-30 1914-02-24 Adam Helmer Pehrson Manufacture of bar and tube shaped articles from molten metal.
US2171132A (en) * 1937-06-19 1939-08-29 Simons Aaron Method of forming elements from molten metal
US2667673A (en) * 1951-03-19 1954-02-02 Nat Lead Co Apparatus for casting metallic rod
US2837791A (en) * 1955-02-04 1958-06-10 Ind Res And Dev Corp Method and apparatus for continuous casting
US3099053A (en) * 1959-03-25 1963-07-30 Olin Mathieson Apparatus and process for continuous casting

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1088171A (en) * 1913-01-30 1914-02-24 Adam Helmer Pehrson Manufacture of bar and tube shaped articles from molten metal.
US2171132A (en) * 1937-06-19 1939-08-29 Simons Aaron Method of forming elements from molten metal
US2667673A (en) * 1951-03-19 1954-02-02 Nat Lead Co Apparatus for casting metallic rod
US2837791A (en) * 1955-02-04 1958-06-10 Ind Res And Dev Corp Method and apparatus for continuous casting
US3099053A (en) * 1959-03-25 1963-07-30 Olin Mathieson Apparatus and process for continuous casting

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086953A (en) * 1975-02-24 1978-05-02 Kraklau David M Shot sleeve
US4019565A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-04-26 Creusot-Loire Vallourec Ingot mold for continuous rotary casting
US4146082A (en) * 1977-07-27 1979-03-27 Cabot Corporation Vacuum chucks
FR2430283A1 (fr) * 1978-07-03 1980-02-01 Cabot Corp Procede et appareil de moulage de pieces allongees metalliques par aspiration
US4612971A (en) * 1978-07-28 1986-09-23 Kennecott Corporation Method and apparatus for the continuous production of strip using oscillating mold assembly
US4211270A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-07-08 Kennecott Copper Corporation Method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4307770A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-12-29 Kennecott Corporation Mold assembly and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4736789A (en) * 1978-07-28 1988-04-12 Kennecott Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds using an oscillating mold assembly
DK150888B (da) * 1978-07-28 1987-07-13 Kennecott Copper Corp Stoebemaskine og fremgangsmaade til stoebning af strenge af metal
US4301857A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-11-24 Kennecott Corporation Oscillating mold casting apparatus
EP0034719B1 (de) * 1980-01-31 1985-08-07 Kennecott Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung für das Stranggiessen von Metallstäben
EP0042995A1 (de) * 1980-06-09 1982-01-06 Kennecott Corporation Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Stranggiessen metallischer Litze bei aussergewöhnlich hohen Geschwindigkeiten unter Verwendung einer oszillierenden Formeinrichtung
US4719965A (en) * 1980-07-02 1988-01-19 General Electric Company Continuous metal casting method
FR2485963A1 (fr) * 1980-07-02 1982-01-08 Gen Electric Procede et appareils de coulee continue de pieces metalliques avec alimentation electromagnetique ascendante
US4355680A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-10-26 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for continuous casting of hollow articles
US4611651A (en) * 1983-07-12 1986-09-16 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal pipe with integral end fitting
AU572524B2 (en) * 1983-07-12 1988-05-12 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Continuous casting of cast-iron pipes comprising a socket
EP0149063A1 (de) * 1983-12-30 1985-07-24 GTE Products Corporation Kontinuierliches Plattieren von Eisenlegierungen mit geschmolzenem Kupfer
US4734254A (en) * 1986-12-15 1988-03-29 The Nippert Company Enhanced machining anneal resistant copper alloy
US4911226A (en) * 1987-08-13 1990-03-27 The Standard Oil Company Method and apparatus for continuously casting strip steel
US5044911A (en) * 1989-04-06 1991-09-03 United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for injection casting metallic nuclear energy fuel rods
US5341867A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-08-30 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic levitation type continuous metal casting apparatus
US5404932A (en) * 1990-10-17 1995-04-11 Outokumpu Castform Oy Apparatus and method for intensifying cooling in the casting of metal objects
CN1046876C (zh) * 1990-10-17 1999-12-01 欧托库普·卡斯特福股份有限公司 金属铸造中激烈冷却铸件的装置
US8844897B2 (en) * 2008-03-05 2014-09-30 Southwire Company, Llc Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals
US20090224443A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Rundquist Victor F Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals
US9327347B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2016-05-03 Southwire Company, Llc Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals
WO2010133765A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle for the vertical upwards continuous casting of metal
WO2011061397A1 (en) 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle for a rod, wire or pipe in upward vertical metal casting
US9617617B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2017-04-11 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals
US10640846B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2020-05-05 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals
US8574336B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2013-11-05 Southwire Company Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals
US9382598B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2016-07-05 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system
US8652397B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-02-18 Southwire Company Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system
US9908176B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2018-03-06 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle assembly for casting of a metallic pipe
WO2015055887A1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Upcast Oy Continuous casting nozzle assembly for casting of a metallic pipe
US9528167B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2016-12-27 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals
US10316387B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2019-06-11 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals
US10233515B1 (en) 2015-08-14 2019-03-19 Southwire Company, Llc Metal treatment station for use with ultrasonic degassing system
CN108746519A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2018-11-06 尚成荣 一种上引连铸机水压可调冷却水系统
WO2021186105A1 (en) 2020-03-19 2021-09-23 Upcast Oy Process of producing a non-ferrous metallic tube
US12115576B2 (en) 2020-03-19 2024-10-15 Upcast Oy Process of producing a non-ferrous metallic tube
CN113134596A (zh) * 2021-04-22 2021-07-20 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种低氧含量稀土丝的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE371379B (de) 1974-11-18
FR2077552A1 (de) 1971-10-29
DE2060451B2 (de) 1974-01-31
FR2077552B1 (de) 1973-12-07
FI46810B (de) 1973-04-02
GB1328399A (en) 1973-08-30
FI46810C (fi) 1973-07-10
DE2060451A1 (de) 1971-07-22
JPS5027032B1 (de) 1975-09-04
CH521807A (de) 1972-04-30

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