US387776A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

P. DONALD.

STEAM BOILBR.

No. 387,776.r

Patented Aug. 14, 1888.

.E f e we@ V ve.

fUNITED STATES PATENT @ricca PETER DGNALD, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

STEAM-BCILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 387,776, dated August 14, 1888.

Application ied May 15, 1888. Serial No. 273,923. (No modell To al?? :einem it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER DONALD, of New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented certain new and uscful Improvements in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in steam-boilers, the object being to provide a steam-generator in which the heat resulting from fuelcombustion is utilized to greater advantage than has heretofore been accomplished.

A further object is to so construct a steamboiler that steam will be rapidlyr generated and the portions of the boiler subjected to direct, heat-contact will be protected by Water, so as to insure increased longevity to these parts as well as greater safety in the use of the boiler as ahighpressnre steamgenerator.

Vth these objects in view my invention consists in the construction and combinations ol' parts of my improved boiler in the manner hereinafter described, and set forth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings making a part of this speci iication, Figure l is a front elevation of the boiler in position as erected for use, partly in perspective and partlysectional, one half of the bollcr-setting front plate being removed to expose the front end of the boiler and grates of the lirechalnber. Fig. 2 is a side elevation in section of the boiler and attached parts. I

A represents the boiler-shell, which is cylindrical and provided with a series of longitudinal ilues, B, secured in the front and rear heads to form passages for the hot products of fuel-combustion, as will be further explained. These flues lic in the same plane, it being understood that the boiler is set or inclosed by brick-masonry walls C and supported stablyin a horizontal position.

Below the ilues B two or more larger ilues, C, are ailixed by their ends in the end fluesheets in a plane parallel to the upper lues. These lower ilues, C, are preferably made of larger diameter than the lines B to compensate for a decrease iu number, it being desirable that the combined delivering capacity or area of each series of flues be equal.

Below the front end of the boiler-shell A a ire-eha1nber, D, is formed in the usual manu ner and provided with grate-bars D', an ashpit, D2, being afforded below the grate-bars.

A fuel-stoking orifice is formed atfthe front of the combustion-chamber D, which is closed by a door, a, and at the rear of the chamberD a bridge-wall, a', completes the chamber and directs the hot currents of combustion close to the. lower surface of the boiler-shell, a horizontal passage, C', for these currents being also afforded by the construction of the ma sonry wall C2 below and parallel to the boilershell A.

At the front end of the boiler a close chamber, E, is secured. which from its location forms a eommunicatingpassage between the two series of iiues B and C, and the doors c d are hinged to close orifices cut in the front wall of the projecting bonnet or chamber E, opposite to the fines. These serve to afiord access thereto to remove any accumulation of ashes from the lines.

The enveloping masonry-wall C" is extended at the rear end of the boilershell A to form a smoke box or chamber, and this may be closed at the end by a metallic plate, p.

XVithin the smoke-box just mentioned the heat-deecting Waterchaniber H is located. This consists of a double wall of plate metal with a water-space, H', between them constructed to form a close compartment. The parallel walls of the deiieetor II are bent at a right angle, the upper horizontal portion, H2, being connected at the end to orifices u, cut in the rear head ol' the boiler-shell A at a point between the ends of the upper and lower rows of lues, B C.

The vertical portion or leg II:3 of the heatdefleetor H is downwardly extended to a point below the lower surface of the boilershell A, and is attached by the cylindrical tubes g to the waterspace ol' the boiler below the lower tier of lues, C, so as to form several waterconnections between the lower end of the de.- Ilector H and the boilershell.

It should here be stated that the arca oi' surface of the depending leg Il is preferably made of the boiler-shell, conforming in peripheral contour therewith. A series of stay-bolts are inserted through and between the parallel walls of the deliector to stiffen them, and handholes e e covered with properly clamped plates are provided to allow access to the tubes g, opposite which they are located.

Between the top wall of the horizontal portion Il2 of the deliector H and the upper surface of the rear boilerhead several curved water-circulating tubcsn, are secured by the fixed insertion of their ends in suitable orices formed in these metal walls, which provision will afford additional means for complete circulation of water through the deflector H, it being evident that the heated water will rise and be discharged through the tubes o' as it enters the orifices 1t and the tubes g at 0.

It will be secu that the deflector H, from its form and location, divides the smoke-box into two parts, the lower division, F, serving to connect the heat or dame passage O,that is below .the boiler shell A,with the lower set of fines,

C, and that the upper portion, Gr, of the smokebox forms a communicating passage from the upper tier of fines, B, to the stack or vertical draftdiue of which I is the'base.

Upon the lower surface of the boiler-shell A the pipes K are attached. These connect the boiler with the mud-drums K, which are of best approved form of construction, and are supported upon the pedestals transversely of the boiler-shell, so as to receive mud, scales, or other impurity from the boiler, proper means being afforded for inspection of its interior by removable cap-plates S and the drawing off of sediment through the cocks o, as shown in Fig. 2.

On the upper surface of the boiler-shell a steam-drum, J, is mounted. This is a horizontal cylindrical shell, with two or more steam-inlets, J that are preferably constructed as short pipes that connect the steamdrum with the boiler-shell and form supportingbases for said drum.

A steam-Outlet flanged neck-piece, h, is attached to the uppersurface of the steam-drum J, to which a steam conduit-pipe may be secured, (which is not shown.) At one end of the steam-drum J a man-hole plate, m, is secured to cover a hole formed in the head of the drum, which hole is adapted to permit an inspection of the interior of the drum. Proper stay-bolts, u, are affixed to the sides and heads of the drum, which afford the necessary support to these heads and render the structure capable of resisting high pressure.

On the front head ofthe boiler-shell a man,- hole is cut to afford access to the interior of the same, which hole is covered by a suitable plate secured in place by a yoke and studbolt in the usual approved manner, and diagonal stay-bolts 13 are secured in the boiler-shell to render the top wall and heads capable of resistingbursting-strai ns in an obvious manner.

In operation the boiler, being supplied with water fed into it by any approved means,(not

shown,) is heated by a fire placed on the gratebars D. The natural draft of the stack or chimney which is attached at the top of the smoke-box G will induce a current of flame and conduct the hot products of combustion rearwardly through the passage C', below the boiler-shell, until the rear wall,or, rather, the depending leg Hsof the deieetor H, is reached. The impinging against said leg H3 of the hot currents will heat the water contained in it, and by impingement and consequent defiection the hot currents of carbon and oxygen in a vivid state of combustion will be returned through the lower fines, C, said gaseous flame having absolute contact with the entire area of the adjacent vertical and horizontal top wall of the dedector H, the right-angular bent wall of the same forming the rear and top wall of thelowerchambcr, F, ofthesmokebox. When the dame and hot-air currents reach the front end of the boiler, they are returned through the bonnet or chamber E into the upper flues, B, and thence rearwardly through these flues to the upper division, G, of the smoke-box. The enforced contact of the hot currents with the curved pipes r will aid materially in heating the water circulating through these pipes. After entering the box G, the draft ofthe vertical chimney I conducts the waste products away, they having parted with a large portion of their heat, which has been absorbed by the metallic surfaces of the fines, tubes, and the deflector-wall, in which they have been conducted and with which they have had contact in their passage from the combustion-chamber D to said chimney-stack I.

It is evident that from the construction and position of the water-containing detlector H with regard to the water-space in the boilershell A a more perfect circulation of Water and evolution of steam are effected, as it serves to conduct the water from the lower to the upper portion of the shell, and by the extensive area of heating-surface afforded and the comparatively thin sheet of water brought into contact with this hot surface of the deiiector-plate a rapid evolution of steam resuits. The increased capacity for steam development just mentioned is produced without increase of the length or diameter of the boiler-shell or any extra use of fuel, as the volume of incandescent gaseous product resulting from the destructive combustion of fuel in the fire-chamber D will by its contact effect the result without increasing the use of fuel.

Many slight changes might be made in the minor details of construction ofthe device herein described without departure from the spirit of my invention or exceeding its manifest scope; hence I do notwish to be restricted to the exact forms herein shown; but,

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

IOO

1. The combination, withaboiler, a smokef box, and a fire-chamber located beneath the boiler, of two or more sets of lines extending through the boiler, a deiiector located in the smokebox and in open communication with the boiler between the sets of fines, and pipes connecting the deleotor with the lower portion of the boiler, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a boiler, a smokebox, and a tire-chamber located beneath the boiler, of two or more sets of fines opening into the smoke-box at one end, a chamber for affording a communication between the lines at the opposite end, and a delector extending across the smoke-box and in open communi` cation at one end with the boiler between the sets of ilnes, said deileotor having pipes extending therefrom and opening into the boiler above and below the flues, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a boiler, a casing about the same, asinoke-box in one end thereof, and a fire-chamber within the casing and beneath the boiler, of two sets of lnes in the boiler, a deector extending across the smoke-box and in open communication at one end with the boilers at a point between thc two sets of fines, said deflector having pipes therein communicating with the boilers above and below the fines, and a steam-chest above the boilers and in communication therewith, substantially as set forth.

L In a steam-boiler, the combination, with a boiler-shell and a smoke-box7 of a. doublewalled angular deflector having a horizontal leg and adepending leg, the horizontal leg being in connection with the waterspace of the boiler-shell, a setof upwardly-projected tubes which are bent to connect the top wall of the deile-otor with the iluc-sheet of the boiler, and a set of tubes which are attached to the lower portion of the depending leg` of the deflector and connect it with the lower part of the adjacent tlne-sheet to afford free water-circulation through the deector and adapt it to reoeive water from the boiler-shell and return it thereto, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PETER DONALD.

Witnesses:

W. YoUNGnLooD,

A. MULLAM.

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