US3878619A - Drying of wool slivers - Google Patents

Drying of wool slivers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878619A
US3878619A US300551A US30055172A US3878619A US 3878619 A US3878619 A US 3878619A US 300551 A US300551 A US 300551A US 30055172 A US30055172 A US 30055172A US 3878619 A US3878619 A US 3878619A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
fibres
fibre
drying section
radio frequency
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US300551A
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English (en)
Inventor
David Lowry Hodgett
Harry Fung
James Lawton
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Electricity Council
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Electricity Council
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
    • D06C2700/09—Various apparatus for drying textiles

Definitions

  • 34/46 switches off the radio frequency power in the event of 2.870.544 l/l959 Gard 34/l a fibre break and also reduces the speed of traverse so 3.277.580 0/ 66 ooby.. that the material in the apparatus is dried by the hot 3.372.488 3/1968 KOCh et al. 34/46 3.403.450 l0/l968 Mann ct al 34/l 3.404.462 l()/l968 Hanson ct al 34/1 12 Claims. 12 Drawmg Flgures 34 35 x CONTROL 32 TRANSDUCER lj f 2; l SENSOR I IIII FIBRES 3/V r 0 REGENERA lUR.
  • PIJENTEDAPR22 197s sum 2 m g FIBRES TRANSDUCER CONTROL UNIT 5? I SENSUR I msmmnn.
  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for drying of textile fibres.
  • the invention is applicable to the drying of natural or synthetic fibres or mixtures thereof in loose. sliver or hank form.
  • the invention is applicable. for example. to the drying of wool slivers After wool has been washed and carded and formed into slivers. it is the practice to wash it again. this step being known as back-washing. before it is spun.
  • back-washing before it is spun.
  • the drying of the slivers after back-washing has been commonly effected using hot air flowing through holes in a steam heated drum. This drying operation is very slow resulting in large quantities of slivers accumulating for drying before they can be further processed. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for the drying of wool slivers.
  • textile fibres are dried by passing the fibres through a radio frequency field to effect dielectric heating and simultaneously or subsequently a stream of hot air is directed at the fibres.
  • a method of drying textile fibres comprises the steps of passing the fibres through a succession of electrodes energised alternately at oppostie polarities with a radio frequency alternating supply at a frequency above 1 MHz and preferably above 10 MHz to effect dielectric heating and simultaneously and/or subsequently subjecting the fibres to a transverse hot air stream to remove the water vapour.
  • the hot air stream is passed through the fibres simultaneously with the dielectric heating.
  • the hot air stream being arranged to force the fibres against an apertured guide or support means of low loss dielectric material which holds the fibres in position when passing through the electrodes.
  • the support means may comprise a moving apertured belt e.g.
  • the fibres being blown by the air stream onto the belt.
  • the air stream is either directed downwardly to blow the fibres downwardly onto the belt or upwardly to hold the fibres against the undersurface of the belt.
  • apertured belts are provided both above and below the fibres.
  • the method described above is particularly applicable to the drying of slivers. e.g. wool slivers.
  • the slivers are passed through the electrodes which thus provide stray field" dielectric heating with the field direction parallel to the surface of the slivers and coinciding with both the principal fibre orientation and the direction of movement of the sliver. It is thus possible to produce a high field strength in the material and hence to obtain high power coupling enabling high speed drying to be achieved.
  • the invention furthermore includes with its scope apparatus for drying textile fibres consisting of one or more drying sections. each drying section comprising a plurality of electrodes each extending around the fibre path. the electrodes being spaced along the fibre path. radio frequency supply means for energising the electrodes at a frequency above 1 MHz and preferably above 10 MHz with alternate electrodes of opposite po-.
  • the aforementioned support means preferably comprises an apertured or perforated belt of low dielectric loss material which is moved through the electrode system with the fibres.
  • the air stream is directed to force the fibres onto the surface of the belt; the air stream may be upwardly to force the fibres onto the underside of the belt or downwardly to force the fibres down onto the belt.
  • two belts are provided one above and one below the fibres.
  • Each belt is conveniently of open mesh construction of a low dielectric loss material such as resin-bonded glass fibre material.
  • the electrodes are preferably made as loops which extend around the belt or belts and fibres.
  • Each electrode for example may be formed of a circular section rod or tube shaped to form a loop preferably a closed loop.
  • the loop is a flat loop with straight horizontal top and bottom portions joined by end portions which may be curved.
  • each electrode being made of a horizontal width slightly greater than the total width of the slivers.
  • the vertical internal dimension of each electrode is preferably made slightly larger than the height of one sliver together with the belt or belts.
  • the hot air stream may be directed onto the fibres after passing through the electrode system of a drying section but is preferably directed onto the fibres whilst they are passing through the electrode systems.
  • FIG. I is a diagrammatic transverse section through a drying section of a combined dielectric and forced convection drier for wool slivers showing only a single electrode;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section similar to FIG. I but showing a different electrode
  • FIG. 3 is a part side elevation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 and 2 partly in section along a vertical central plane;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the electrical arrangement of the apparatus of FIGS. l to 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative construction of electrode system
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a modified electrode system
  • FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate multipass constructions
  • FIG. 9 shows another multipass construction
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show further air flow arrangements.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a broken sliver detector
  • the apparatus has two lowloss dielectric side walls 10, 11 formed for example of glass bonded mica. These side walls lie in vertical planes and extend horizontally and between them are arranged a series of loop electrodes. each loop electrode lying in a vertical plane transversely to the plane of the walls. the loops being spaced apart along the length of the apparatus. All the loops are co-axial but alternate loops are inverted as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 where one loop electrode 12 is shown in FIG. I, this loop being adjacent to inverted loops such as the loop electrode 13 of FIG. 2.
  • Two flat strip bus bars 14. 15 are arranged outside the wall 10, the electrodes 12 being connected to bus bar 14 and the electrodes 13 to bus bar I5.
  • Each electrode is formed of a circular section rod or tube of a suitable metal such as non-magnetic stainless steel and is shaped to form a flat loop with straight top and bottom portions and rounded. e.g. semi-circular side portion joined to the top and bottom portions.
  • the electrode loops are supported in the side walls 10, II and are spaced sufficiently far apart to avoid dielectric breakdown between them.
  • a number of slivers of wool are traversed at a uniform rate side by side through the loops of the electrode system.
  • the internal horizontal dimension of each loop is made slightly larger than the total width of the number of slivers to be dried whilst the vertical dimension is slightly larger than the height of one sliver.
  • Hot air is directed upwardly through the electrode system as indicated by the arrow 20.
  • the slivers are supported and guided by a pair of open mesh or perforated belts 22, 23 formed of low dielectric loss material. for example resin bonded glass fibre material.
  • These belts 22, 23 are made slightly narrower than the internal horizontal dimension of the electrodes 12, 13.
  • the belt 22 forms an upper support for the slivers 21 which are forced against this belt 22 by the upwardly directed stream of hot air.
  • the lower belt 23 forms a guide and prevents the slivers falling downwardly e.g. if the air supply should fail.
  • FIG. 1 An alternative construction of electrode system is illustrated in FIG. with bus bars 25, 26 one on each side of the apparatus below the lower belt.
  • the electrodes 27 are supported each by one of the two bus bars, the electrodes being arranged alternately as before.
  • a radio frequency generator 30 is connected by a low inductance co-axial transmission line 31 to the bus bars l4, at the centre of the electrode system.
  • Variable shunt inductors 32 are connected between the bus bars at the ends thereof from the co-axial feed 31.
  • a sensor 33 is provided consisting of a transducer responsive to some property, such as electrical resistance. of the slivers leaving the drier, which is dependent on the regain (i.e. the moisture content on a dry weight basis) of the fibres.
  • the electrical signal from the sensor 33 is fed to a control unit 34 which, by means of a transducer 35, effects mechanical movement of a movable element 36 of the inductor 32.
  • a complete dryer may consist of one or more drying sections, each having an electrode system and a wool handling system.
  • drying is achieved by the combination of dielectric heating of the wool whilst it is between the electrodes and convective heating from the hot air stream.
  • the stream of hot air also removes the water vapour produced during the drying.
  • the air can be heated either wholly or partially by waste heat from the radio frequency generator 30.
  • the electrode system produces stray field dielectric heating, that is to say the field direction is parallel to the surface of the wool and is arranged to coincide with the principal fibre orientation and the direction of movement of the wool. Although the wool slivers form what would normally be considered as a relatively thick load for a stray field electrode dielectric heating system.
  • the above described construction of the electrode system with the closed loops and its combination with the wool transportation system and the hot air system gives sufficient drying of wool slivers passing at high speeds through the system.
  • the smoothly curved ends of the electrodes enable the wool slivers to be retained within the electrode system without the need for any side walls thereby minimising the problem of dielectric breakdown between electrodes which would be caused by the resultant field intensification if side walls were provided.
  • the slivers are placed side by side in passing through the drier so that the maximum surface area is presented to the air stream to maximise convection heating and moisture removal. Placing the slivers side by side also avoids slippage between slivers; each of the slivers is in contact with the moving belt and is carried at the speed thereof.
  • the electrodes are placed sufficiently far apart to avoid dielectric breakdown between them but near enough to obtain a high field strength in the wool and thereby high power coupling enabling high speed drying to be achieved.
  • the apparatus has been' described more specifically for the drying of wool slivers, it may be used for natural. man-made, or synthetic fibres or blends or combinations thereof.
  • the fibres may be in loose. sliver or hank form and may be dyed or undyed.
  • the electrodes 40 are extended upwardly at 41 (compared with the electrodes 12 of FIG.l) so as to form a guide for the sliver at the top.
  • the electrodes 13 of FIG. 2 would be extended downwardly.
  • the slivers are passed in succession above. through and below the electrodes (or vice versa) as shown in FIG. 7.
  • This FIG. shows two endless belts 42, 43 between which the sliver is sandwiched.
  • Belt 42 runs over drive rollers 44 and guide rollers 45 while belt 43 runs over drive rollers 46 and guide rollers 47.
  • An alternative arrangement is shown in FIG. 8 using 4 belts 50, S1, 52. 53.
  • more than three passes may be obtained by adding one or more cross bars 54 across the loop electrodes.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates longitudinal flow.
  • the belts are shown at 60 and electrodes at 61.
  • Upper and lower walls 62 and 63, respectively. of glass bonded mica are provided as well as the side walls 10, ll.
  • the airflow is indicated by the arrows 64.
  • FIG. l l Lateral airflow is illustrated in Figure l l, the air inlet beingat 70 and air outlet at 71, the air passing laterally between the belts 72.
  • the duct has upper and lower walls 73, 74 and side walls 75, 76.
  • a microswitch 81 at the sliver inlet is operated by a dancing roller 84 which rests on the sliver 82 before it passes between the belts 83 to switch off the radio frequency power if any one sliver breaks.
  • the microswitch also operates a speed control system so that the dryer reduces to a speed at which the remaining slivers can continue to be dried by the hot air only until such time as the broken sliver is retreaded or a new sliver threaded into the machine.
  • Apparatus for drying textile fibres consisting of at least one drying section.
  • the drying section comprising a plurality of electrodes each extending around the fibre path, a pair of bus bars to which said electrodes are connected.
  • radio frequency supply means arranged for energising said bus bars at one end thereof at a frequency above l MHz. said bus bars being each connected to alternate electrodes so that alternate electrodes are of opposite polarity, an adjustable inductance connected across said bus bars at said other end, means for traversing the fibres along said path.
  • Apparatus for drying textile fibres consisting of at least one drying section, the drying section comprising a plurality of electrodes each extending around the fibre path.
  • radio frequency supply means arranged for energizing the electrodes at a frequency above l MHz with alternate electrodes of opposite polarity.
  • Apparatus fordrying textile fibres consisting of at least one drying section, the drying section comprising a plurality of loop electrodes arranged co-axially with their axis horizontal.
  • radio frequency supply means arranged for energising the electrodes at a frequency above lMHz with alternate electrodes of opposite polarity.
  • a multipass transport system for carrying said fibres along a path and comprising at least one aperture belt of low dielectric loss material and having three passes extending horizontally below.
  • radio frequency supply means is arranged for energising the electrodes at a frequency above IOMHZ.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the air stream is directed upwardly to force the fibres against the underside of a belt.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said means for directing a stream of hot air is arranged to direct the air stream laterally across the fibre path.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 including moisture content sensing means providing an elecrical signal representative of the moisture content of fibres leaving the apparatus, and control means responsive to said electrical signal operable to regulate the power applied to said electrodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
US300551A 1971-10-25 1972-10-25 Drying of wool slivers Expired - Lifetime US3878619A (en)

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GB4953171A GB1370373A (en) 1971-10-25 1971-10-25 Drying of textile fibres

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US (1) US3878619A (fr)
AU (1) AU470431B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE2252363A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2158944A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1370373A (fr)
IT (1) IT975358B (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4406070A (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-09-27 Preston Mark D Dielectric conditioning
US4439931A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-04-03 Dainippon Screen Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Control means for a drier
US4574413A (en) * 1983-08-08 1986-03-11 Otting International, Inc. Methods and apparatus for employing electrical conductivity for fixing dye to carpets
EP0269358A3 (fr) * 1986-11-25 1989-08-30 PETRIE & McNAUGHT LIMITED Dispositif de séchage ou de cuisson
US4999925A (en) * 1988-06-28 1991-03-19 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Apparatus for reducing the stickiness of the fibers of cotton flocks contaminated with honeydew
US6316755B1 (en) * 1997-07-16 2001-11-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Method and apparatus for producing power for an induction heating system
US20140094795A1 (en) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-03 Covidien Lp Energy-based medical devices
US20150047218A1 (en) * 2013-08-14 2015-02-19 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
WO2016163955A1 (fr) * 2015-04-07 2016-10-13 Singnergy Corporation Pte Ltd Appareil et procédé de séchage par évaporation amélioré
US10006163B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2018-06-26 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US10024899B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2018-07-17 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US10184718B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2019-01-22 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10246813B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2019-04-02 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10323881B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2019-06-18 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US10837702B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2020-11-17 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1588513A (en) * 1976-07-14 1981-04-23 Finlay Maxwell D C Heating without drying
CN103499195A (zh) * 2013-10-12 2014-01-08 王兆进 一种射频烘干机
CN107144110A (zh) * 2017-07-14 2017-09-08 长兴恒峰纺织有限公司 一种具有除尘功能的纺织用烘干机

Citations (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1741882A (en) * 1928-07-05 1929-12-31 Ambrose A Merry Machine for drying photographic prints
US2521993A (en) * 1948-04-30 1950-09-12 Rca Corp Radio-frequency heating electrode for filamentary material
US2698488A (en) * 1950-01-10 1955-01-04 Celanese Corp Drying of yarn packages
US2870544A (en) * 1956-01-24 1959-01-27 Armstrong Cork Co Method of drying fibrous boards
US3277580A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-10-11 Hammtronics Systems Inc Method and apparatus for drying
US3372488A (en) * 1963-11-18 1968-03-12 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Apparatus for conditioning tobacco
US3403450A (en) * 1966-04-21 1968-10-01 Mann Russell Electronics Inc Means for and process of approximating equalization of the residual moisture contentwithin a sheet of veneer and the like
US3404462A (en) * 1966-08-09 1968-10-08 Standard Register Co Dielectric heat apparatus
US3434220A (en) * 1967-10-10 1969-03-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microwave drying process for synthetic polymers
US3537185A (en) * 1968-10-21 1970-11-03 Ingram Plywoods Inc Dielectric heating apparatus
US3722105A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-03-27 Owens Illinois Inc Apparatus and method for applying radio frequency energy to a moving web of material
US3732435A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-05-08 Strandberg Eng Labor Inc Moisture measuring and control apparatus

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1741882A (en) * 1928-07-05 1929-12-31 Ambrose A Merry Machine for drying photographic prints
US2521993A (en) * 1948-04-30 1950-09-12 Rca Corp Radio-frequency heating electrode for filamentary material
US2698488A (en) * 1950-01-10 1955-01-04 Celanese Corp Drying of yarn packages
US2870544A (en) * 1956-01-24 1959-01-27 Armstrong Cork Co Method of drying fibrous boards
US3277580A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-10-11 Hammtronics Systems Inc Method and apparatus for drying
US3372488A (en) * 1963-11-18 1968-03-12 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Apparatus for conditioning tobacco
US3403450A (en) * 1966-04-21 1968-10-01 Mann Russell Electronics Inc Means for and process of approximating equalization of the residual moisture contentwithin a sheet of veneer and the like
US3404462A (en) * 1966-08-09 1968-10-08 Standard Register Co Dielectric heat apparatus
US3434220A (en) * 1967-10-10 1969-03-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microwave drying process for synthetic polymers
US3537185A (en) * 1968-10-21 1970-11-03 Ingram Plywoods Inc Dielectric heating apparatus
US3722105A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-03-27 Owens Illinois Inc Apparatus and method for applying radio frequency energy to a moving web of material
US3732435A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-05-08 Strandberg Eng Labor Inc Moisture measuring and control apparatus

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4439931A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-04-03 Dainippon Screen Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Control means for a drier
US4406070A (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-09-27 Preston Mark D Dielectric conditioning
US4574413A (en) * 1983-08-08 1986-03-11 Otting International, Inc. Methods and apparatus for employing electrical conductivity for fixing dye to carpets
EP0269358A3 (fr) * 1986-11-25 1989-08-30 PETRIE & McNAUGHT LIMITED Dispositif de séchage ou de cuisson
US4999925A (en) * 1988-06-28 1991-03-19 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Apparatus for reducing the stickiness of the fibers of cotton flocks contaminated with honeydew
US6683286B2 (en) * 1997-07-16 2004-01-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Method and apparatus for producing power for induction heating with bus bars comprised of plates
US6316755B1 (en) * 1997-07-16 2001-11-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Method and apparatus for producing power for an induction heating system
US20140094795A1 (en) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-03 Covidien Lp Energy-based medical devices
US10595926B2 (en) 2012-10-02 2020-03-24 Covidien Lp Energy-based medical devices
US9687290B2 (en) * 2012-10-02 2017-06-27 Covidien Lp Energy-based medical devices
US11655583B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2023-05-23 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10816265B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2020-10-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10184718B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2019-01-22 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US20150047218A1 (en) * 2013-08-14 2015-02-19 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US20210041168A1 (en) * 2013-08-14 2021-02-11 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10823502B2 (en) * 2013-08-14 2020-11-03 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US20180031316A1 (en) * 2013-08-14 2018-02-01 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10533798B2 (en) * 2013-08-14 2020-01-14 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10837702B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2020-11-17 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US11459696B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2022-10-04 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US11029088B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2021-06-08 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US11686037B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2023-06-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US10323881B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2019-06-18 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US10816586B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2020-10-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US10024899B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2018-07-17 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US11519130B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2022-12-06 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US10246813B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2019-04-02 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10006163B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2018-06-26 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US11078619B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2021-08-03 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US10655270B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2020-05-19 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US11692298B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2023-07-04 Whirlpool Corporation Method of drying articles
US10571191B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2020-02-25 Singnergy Corporation Pte Ltd Apparatus and method for improved evaporation drying
WO2016163955A1 (fr) * 2015-04-07 2016-10-13 Singnergy Corporation Pte Ltd Appareil et procédé de séchage par évaporation amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU470431B2 (en) 1976-03-18
AU4814872A (en) 1974-05-16
FR2158944A5 (fr) 1973-06-15
GB1370373A (en) 1974-10-16
IT975358B (it) 1974-07-20
DE2252363A1 (de) 1973-05-03

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