US3887971A - Outlet means in a thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing apparatus - Google Patents

Outlet means in a thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3887971A
US3887971A US429058A US42905873A US3887971A US 3887971 A US3887971 A US 3887971A US 429058 A US429058 A US 429058A US 42905873 A US42905873 A US 42905873A US 3887971 A US3887971 A US 3887971A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
chamber
tubular member
outlet
texturizing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US429058A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lloyd M Guenther
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Chevron USA Inc
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Chevron Research and Technology Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chevron Research and Technology Co filed Critical Chevron Research and Technology Co
Priority to US429058A priority Critical patent/US3887971A/en
Priority to FR7442386A priority patent/FR2256269B1/fr
Priority to AU76791/74A priority patent/AU496694B2/en
Priority to GB5560774A priority patent/GB1483794A/en
Priority to DE19742461447 priority patent/DE2461447C3/de
Priority to NL7416879A priority patent/NL7416879A/xx
Priority to IT3101174A priority patent/IT1028043B/it
Priority to AR25709274A priority patent/AR210323A1/es
Priority to JP751985A priority patent/JPS5755810B2/ja
Priority to AT1034974A priority patent/AT343262B/de
Priority to CA216,970A priority patent/CA1023537A/en
Priority to AT637077A priority patent/AT372120B/de
Priority to BR1090574A priority patent/BR7410905D0/pt
Priority to LU71565A priority patent/LU71565A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3887971A publication Critical patent/US3887971A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/168—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam including drawing or stretching on the same machine

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a bounce crimping apparatus for texturizing multifilament thermoplastic yarn including a yarn texturizing chamber, a means for introducing heated fluid into the yarn texturizing chamber for drawing yarn into the chamber, a foraminous surface transversely positioned across a longitudinal fluid outlet of the yarn texturizing chamber and a means for collecting texturized yarn in a condition substantially free from longitudinal tension; the improvement comprising means connected to a lateral outlet of the yarn texturizing chamber for conveying texturized yarn from the chamber and for compacting the yarn as the yarn moves to the means for collecting the texturized yarn.
  • This invention relates to an apparatus for texturizing synthetic thermoplastic yarn. More specifically, the in vention relates to an improved apparatus for bounce crimping thermoplastic yarn.
  • Synthetic thermoplastic yarn materials as produced, are composed of continuous, straight, smooth filaments. Such yarns have little bulk, and their utility in textile applications is rather limited.
  • thermoplastic yarns In order to enhance the bulk and texture of synthetic yarns, a variety of crimping processes have been used in the past.
  • a basic technique is to bend the yarn filaments and heat the yarn while the filaments are in bent or crimped configurations.
  • Bounce crimping entails hurling yarn, by a heated fluid, through a jet in a continuous stream-like flow against a foraminous surface upon which the yarn impinges and from which the yarn instantaneously rebounds or bounces.
  • the impact of the yarn upon the foraminous surface axially buckles and crimps individual filaments of the yarn while the heated fluid passes through the foraminous surface.
  • the texturized yarn progresses without tension and substantially by rebound inertia away from the crimping zone and is guided to a collection station where the yarn is heated and then cooled to heat set the crimp prior to winding upon a storage spool.
  • Thermoplastic yarn texturized by the foregoing bounce crimping process possesses, inter alia, exceptional covering capability and a high degree of resiliency as disclosed in Miller et al. US. Pat. No. 3,686,848 issued Aug. 29, l972.
  • Clarkson US. Pat. No. 3,665,567 issued May 30, 1972 The basic process and apparatus for practicing the process is featured in Clarkson US. Pat. No. 3,665,567 issued May 30, 1972.
  • the Clarkson structure entails feeding a yarn through an elongate slender tube by a jet of steam and hurling the yarn longitudinally against a foraminous screen.
  • the yarn is thereby crimped or texturized and freely rebounds laterally through a passage from which it drops down to a receiver for heat setting.
  • the steam primarily passes through the foraminous screen and is collected although at least some of the steam whistles or hisses laterally through the tubular passage along with the texturized yarn.
  • a slit is provided in the lowermost portion of the laterally extending passage to permit a pair of underlying nip rollers to engage and extricate the yarn.
  • this large diameter guide tube permitted the yarn to buckle back and forth upon itself to a substantial extent and afforded opportunities for protruding filaments at one portion along the yarn length to become entangled with filaments at another portion along the length of the yarn, thereby introducing still further irregularities.
  • a swingable flapper at the outlet of the guide tube of the heretofore known apparatus provided some control over the yarn issuing therefrom, but the control effect was limited primarily to preventing the yarn from rebounding too far laterally and missing the collector tube into which it was supposed to fall.
  • the flapper swung back and forth unpredictably in response to pressure gusts. That is, rebounding yarn impacting against the flapper would set it in mo tion in a passageopening direction, such motion would reduce the capability of the flapper to restrain movement of the yarn, and an erratic oscillation system would be established.
  • this arrangement had some tendency to consolidate the fluffy yam from the crimping zone, the consolidation effect was far from uniform along the length of the yarn.
  • a bounce crimping apparatus intended to achieve at least some of the foregoing objects includes a yarn crimping chamber provided with a foraminous surface or screen against which the thermoplastic filaments are impacted and an outlet through which the yarn bounces away from the screen, a yarn outlet tube connected to the crimping chamber outlet, and a means for receiving the yarn from the outlet tube and heat setting it in a condition substantially free from tension.
  • the yarn outlet tube of the subject invention is preferably circular in cross section and smoothly mates with the outlet of the crimping chamber at one end for receiving texturized yarn.
  • the internal cross sectional area of the tube is no greater than about twice that of the crimping chamber outlet so as to minimize buckling of the yarn back and forth upon itself as it moves through the tube.
  • the tube is further fashioned with a bend to provide generally uniform axial resistance to the passage of yarn therethrough, thus effecting axial compaction of the yarn. This axial compaction is facilitated in one embodiment by the provision of a leaf spring extending within the outlet tube passage near its outlet end.
  • the tube should have a substantial length (at least 3 and preferably times its diameter) to firm up the compacted yarn in the form of a loose plug, and it should not be open to atmosphere near its inlet end lest escaping steam in this area result in excessive noise and entanglement of loose filaments with edge portions of the opening.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view, partially broken away, of a bounce crimping apparatus for texturizing synthetic thermoplastic continuous filament yarns
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along section line 2-2 in FIG. 1 and discloses a bounce crimping chamber and an improved lateral outlet tube according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken along section line 33 in FIG. 2 and discloses the cylindrical character of the improved outlet tube and the smooth transition from the bounce crimping chamber to the outlet tube;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the improved outlet tube and specifically discloses a retaining mechanism for maintaining axial compression of the yarn within the outlet tube.
  • a multifilament synthetic thermoplastic yarn 12 is fed from a supply package (not shown) to a first driven godet roll 16 with skewed separator roll 14 and then to a second driven godet roll 20 with skewed separator roll 18.
  • Godet rolls 16 and 20 may be heated and rolls l8 and 20 advance the yarn at a much greater speed than do rolls 14 and 16 so that the yarn 12 is drawn between the two sets of rolls.
  • the yarn l2 advances to a yarn texturizing station indicated generally by reference character 22 and then into a heating chamber 24 where the yarn is heated in a loose mass substantially free from tension.
  • the yarn passes downstream of the heating chamber 24 into a cooling chamber 26 where the yarn is cooled again in a loose mass substantially free from tension.
  • the yarn 12 is then drawn from the cooling cham ber 26 in the form ofa strand over idler rolls 27, 28 and 29 by a pair of rolls 32 and 34.
  • From godet roll 32 the yarn 12 advances over idler roll 36 to a standard takeup mechanism where the yarn is wound in a package 38 for storage and shipment.
  • the yarn texturizing station 22 includes a yarn tube 40 which passes through a steam plenum chamber 42 formed by a plumbing tee 44, (FIG. I).
  • the plumbing tee 44 is connected through a steam valve 46 to a steam pipe 48 so that steam may be fed to the plenum chamber 42 as regulated by valve 46.
  • the tube 40 passes completely through steam plenum chamber 42 and terminates at the upper end of a yarn passage chamber 50.
  • the steam plenum chamber 42 fiuidically communicates with yarn passage chamber 50 so that steam from the plenum chamber may pass downwardly about tube 40 and into the annular space between tube 40 and an upward continuation of the walls defining the yarn passage chamber 50.
  • the tube 40 is held in a coaxial posture with respect to the yarn passage chamber 50 by means of struts 52 on the lower end of the yarn tube 40.
  • yarn passage chamber 50 extends beneath the lower end of the tube 40 and is continued as a bore 54 in an adapter housing 56.
  • the diameter of the bore 54 is the same as the internal diameter of the yarn passage chamber 50 so that a single diameter cylindrical passage is provided for the yarn as the yarn exits from tube 40 until it reaches the level of a yarn opening 60 within the side of the adapter housing 56.
  • the external lower end of the adapter housing 56 has a convex configuration surrounding the lower end of the bore 54.
  • the adapter housing 56 is fitted with a coaxial collar 64 which serves as an adapter for connection of the bore 54 with a steam exhaust conduit 66.
  • a steam exhaust conduit 66 By the provision of the exhaust conduit, steam passing through screen 62 may be drawn off by a blower (not shown).
  • thermoplastic yarn 12 is heated as it advances through the yarn tube 40 and is picked up by the steam at the exit end thereof.
  • the plastic yarn is then hurled longitudinally with great force by the downward flow of steam toward the screen 62 at the centermost point of the concave portion of the screen.
  • the bulk of the steam passes through screen 62, while the filaments of yarn 12 are intercepted thereby to be bent and crimped by the impact and then rebound or bounce from screen 62 instantaneously and in a continuously moving strand-like stream to flow upwardly and to the left into an improved conveying and compacting means 68. From the improved conveying and compacting means 68 the yarn is deposited into the heating chamber 24.
  • the heating chamber 24 consists of an outer sleeve of insulation 70 which surrounds a steam chamber 72, which in turn encompasses an inner cylindrical yarn treating chamber 74. Steam is circulated through chamber 72 to heat the wall about the yarn treating chamber 74, and consequently to heat the yarn contained within the chamber 74.
  • the rebounded texturized yarn [2 falls into the yarn receiving chamber 74 in a condition substantially free of longitudinal tension.
  • the loose mass of yarn within the heating chamber 24 progresses downwardly through the heating chamber.
  • hot air bleed tubes 76 are disposed vertically within the chamber 74 and are provided with apertures spaced at regular intervals throughout the longitudinal extent thereof. Air heated in the steam chamber 72 is blown from the apertures within bleed tubes 76 into chamber 74 to circulate through the mass of yarn within the chamber 74 and insure uniform heating of the texturized yarn.
  • a cooling chamber 26 comprising the bottom leg of a J-tube formed by the heating chamber 24 and the cooling chamber 26.
  • the yarn passes through the cooling chamber 26 still in a loose untensioned mass.
  • two air bleed tubes 78 are disposed inside and on opposite sides of the cooling chamber 26. Air at room temperature is blown through the cooling tubes 78 and out through apertures within the tubes along the longitudinal length thereof to circulate through the yarn mass to cool the yarn and exit through an opening 80 within a top portion of the cooling chamber 26.
  • the yarn 12 is now withdrawn from the cooling chamber 26 over a baffle 82 and through an eyelet 84 which tends to remove gross tangles in the yarn.
  • a series of tension vanes 86, 88, and 92 are provided. These vanes are simply thin pieces of sheet metal shaped to close the chamber and pivot at hinges 94, 96, 98 and 100, respectively, so that gravity will pivot the tension vanes against a wall 102 of the chamber.
  • the yarn thus untangled advances in a substantially linear form over idler rolls 27, 28 and 29 by pull-out godet rolls 32 and 34 to be wound upon a package 38 in a conventional manner as previously noted.
  • an improved outlet and compaction means 68 in combination with a bounce crimping apparatus comprises a cylindrical tube 104 having a circular cross section and is designed to normally extend at a first end 105 into and mate with the adapter body 56.
  • a central longitudinal axis of the tube 104 at the first end 105 will intersect and lie at right angles to the central longitudinal axis of the bore 54 of adapter 56.
  • the other end 106 of the outlet tube is bent downwardly approximately 90 with respect to the first end such that the central longitudinal axis of the tube at the second end extends at a right angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the tube at the first end thereof.
  • the internal diameter of the circular tube 104 is slightly greater than an arcuate upper surface 107 of a lateral outlet arch 108 fashioned within the adapter 56. Accordingly, texturized yarn filaments rebounding from the foraminous surface 62 smoothly enter the outlet tube 104 without becoming tangled by sharp edges or comers between the outlet tube 104 and the adapter housing 56. This smooth transition zone minimizes the occurrence of a blocking or jamming tendency of the texturized yarn at the outlet of the adapter 56.
  • the internal cross sectional area of the tube 104 is not vastly greater than that of the adapter yarn outlet opening defined by the screen 62 at the bottom and the arch 108 at the top. This feature is important in that it has been found desirable to inhibit buckling of the yarn back and forth upon itself as the yarn moves along the tube 104.
  • the loose. fluffy, yarn from the crimping zone tends to assume the general size and shape of the adapter outlet opening. and if this is very much smaller than the pas sage into which the yarn is moving there is a tendency for buckling along the length of the yarn to cause yarn to eject intermittently and to produce irregularities in the product.
  • the internal cross sectional area of the tube 104 is in the range of from about 1 /2 to about 2 times the area of the adapter outlet opening. Under these conditions, there is little tendency for lateral buckling of the yarn; instead it may compress axially to substantially fill the cross sectional area of the tube 104 so that reshaping of the filament assembly takes place smoothly and regularly.
  • the arcuate, approximately 90, bend in the outlet tube 104 provides resistance to the passage of texturized yarn through the tube.
  • the yarn increases in axial compaction as schematically represented at points 110, 112 and 114.
  • the length of the tube 104 should be in excess of 3 and at least 5 times its diameter, so that the compaction may take place over a zone of substantial length.
  • the outlet tube 104 progressively imparts axial compaction to the texturized yarn to provide a loose plug of individually crimped fibers. This axial compres sion downstream of the crimping chamber facilitates the overall yarn texturizing process.
  • the tube 104 may be fashioned with an oblong opening or slot 118 in the surface thereof for permitting the entrance of a leaf spring 120.
  • the spring 120 is mounted upon the tube 104 by a mounting collar 122 and set screw 124.
  • the leaf spring 120 extends within the tube 104 substantially across the axial passageway thereof and facilitates the back pressure maintaining character of the outlet tube as initially provided by the arcuate configuration thereof.
  • the back pressure provided by leaf spring 120 further adds axial compaction to the yarn as it progresses in a loose mass through the outlet tube 104 and falls into the heat treating chamber 24.
  • the presence of the spring 120 is particularly advantageous from the standpoint of enhancing the versatility of the apparatus. Where different sizes of yarns are to be processed. the resistance to movement offered by the bent tube alone may vary significantly in dependence upon the size of the yarn, but the spring 120 tends to make reasonably uniform the overall resistance to passage of the yarns.
  • the spring is very light in weight, so that its inertia characteristics do not contribute significantly toward the production of nonuniformities in the yarn being processed.
  • the spring force exerted by the spring 120 preferably is small. its primary function is to assure the presence of sufficient resistance to prevent unimpeded flow of yarn out of the tube, and this can be accomplished with a light force. It is in fact undesirable to impose large back pressures on the yarn outlet. When the back pressure becomes unduly large, the free exit of the filaments from the crimping zone is impeded and there is a tendency for some of them to stay in contact with the hot steam stream long enough to fuse slightly and adhere to one another. The development of such an undesirable situation is readily detectable through examination of the yarn issuing from the outlet tube, and when such a situation does develop, it can be corrected easily by bending the spring a little to reduce its impeding force on the yarn.
  • the loose mass of yarn filaments compressed within the outlet tube serve as a muffler or noise barrier, and hissing or whistling noises generated by the steam jet are attenuated.
  • noise from the steam jet could readily exit through the yarn outlet passage and presented a highly undesirable noise pollution at the crimping apparatus which made working conditions around the apparatus irritating and objectionable.
  • a further synergistic function of the outlet tube 104 is achieved by its capacity to free yarn filaments which become lodged within the foraminous screen 62. More particularly, in some instances, individual yarn filaments tend to stick or become lodged in the openings within the foraminous member 62 and thus not rebound into the outlet tube as desired. As noted in the background of the invention, nip rollers have been previously provided to correct such errant operation.
  • the curved outlet tube 104 provides an increasing axial compaction upon the yarn within the tube without reversely bending the yarn and thus facilitates the overall texturizing process. Further, the transition of a loose axially compressed plug of crimped filaments conforming to the shape of the outlet 108 within the adapter 56 into a circular bundle in the outlet tube without permitting axial yarn buckling minimizes the formation of irregularities during the texturizing process.
  • a yarn texturizing chamber having an inlet, a fluid outlet aligned longitudinally with said inlet, and a lateral yarn outlet,
  • a foraminous surface positioned across said fluid outlet of said chamber, said heated fluid introduced into said chamber for drawing yarn into said chamber further serving to hurl the yarn against said foraminous surface to axially compress and crimp the yarn filaments and rebound the yarn through said lateral outlet, and
  • a tubular member connected to said lateral outlet in said chamber for conveying the crimped yarn from said chamber to said means for collecting the crimped yarn and for continuously axially compacting the yarn as the yarn is conveyed to said means for collection,
  • a first end connected to said lateral outlet of said chamber for receiving yarn rebounded from said foraminous surface, wherein a central longitudinal axis of said tubular member at said first end extends at right angles with respect to and intersects a central longitudinal axis of said chamber,
  • said means for conveying and axially compacting comprises:
  • tubular member having an internal cross sectional area in the range of from about one and one-half to about two times the area of said lateral outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US429058A 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Outlet means in a thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3887971A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429058A US3887971A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Outlet means in a thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing apparatus
FR7442386A FR2256269B1 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-20
GB5560774A GB1483794A (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-23 Yarn texturizing apparatus
AU76791/74A AU496694B2 (en) 1974-12-23 Improved yarn texturizing apparatus
IT3101174A IT1028043B (it) 1973-12-28 1974-12-24 Apparecchiatura perfezionata per l intessutizziazione di filo termoplastico mediante increspatura a rimbalzo
NL7416879A NL7416879A (nl) 1973-12-28 1974-12-24 Garenkroesinrichting.
DE19742461447 DE2461447C3 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-24 Aufprallkräusel- und Fixiervorrichtung zum Texturieren von thermoplastischem Garn
AR25709274A AR210323A1 (es) 1973-12-28 1974-12-26 Un aparato para texturizar hilados
AT1034974A AT343262B (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27 Aufprallkrauselvorrichtung zum texturieren von garn
CA216,970A CA1023537A (en) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27 Yarn texturizing apparatus
JP751985A JPS5755810B2 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27
AT637077A AT372120B (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27 Sammel- und nachbehandlungseinrichtung fuer das von einer aufprallkraeuselvorrichtung abgefuehrte garn
BR1090574A BR7410905D0 (pt) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27 Aperfeicoametno em aparelho de enrugamento por arremesso para texturizacao de fio termoplstico multifilamentar
LU71565A LU71565A1 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27

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US429058A US3887971A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Outlet means in a thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing apparatus

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US3887971A true US3887971A (en) 1975-06-10

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AT (1) AT343262B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2750298A1 (de) * 1976-11-16 1978-05-18 Chevron Res Verfahren zur herstellung eines thermoplastischen mehrfaedigen effektgarnes
FR2456147A1 (fr) * 1979-05-07 1980-12-05 Chevron Res Appareil de crepage par rebonds d'un fil multifilament en resine synthetique
US4802268A (en) * 1974-11-26 1989-02-07 Allied-Signal Inc. Apparatus for texturizing yarn

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924001A (en) * 1959-06-26 1960-02-09 Crimp setting device
US3503104A (en) * 1966-10-19 1970-03-31 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Yarn and method and apparatus for producing the same
US3518733A (en) * 1967-11-06 1970-07-07 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
US3665567A (en) * 1970-04-23 1972-05-30 Uniroyal Inc Yarn rebound texturing apparatus and method
US3778872A (en) * 1971-04-12 1973-12-18 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for texturing yarn
US3780405A (en) * 1972-05-17 1973-12-25 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for supplying crimped synthetic filament tow to conveyor for heat treatment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924001A (en) * 1959-06-26 1960-02-09 Crimp setting device
US3503104A (en) * 1966-10-19 1970-03-31 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Yarn and method and apparatus for producing the same
US3518733A (en) * 1967-11-06 1970-07-07 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
US3665567A (en) * 1970-04-23 1972-05-30 Uniroyal Inc Yarn rebound texturing apparatus and method
US3778872A (en) * 1971-04-12 1973-12-18 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for texturing yarn
US3780405A (en) * 1972-05-17 1973-12-25 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for supplying crimped synthetic filament tow to conveyor for heat treatment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4802268A (en) * 1974-11-26 1989-02-07 Allied-Signal Inc. Apparatus for texturizing yarn
DE2750298A1 (de) * 1976-11-16 1978-05-18 Chevron Res Verfahren zur herstellung eines thermoplastischen mehrfaedigen effektgarnes
US4160307A (en) * 1976-11-16 1979-07-10 Chevron Research Company Improvements in thermoplastic yarn rebound texturizing methods
FR2456147A1 (fr) * 1979-05-07 1980-12-05 Chevron Res Appareil de crepage par rebonds d'un fil multifilament en resine synthetique

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Publication number Publication date
AT343262B (de) 1978-05-26
ATA1034974A (de) 1977-09-15

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