US3895751A - Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web Download PDF

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Publication number
US3895751A
US3895751A US37737273A US3895751A US 3895751 A US3895751 A US 3895751A US 37737273 A US37737273 A US 37737273A US 3895751 A US3895751 A US 3895751A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
web
holding
jaw members
tearing
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Carl Shepherd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson
Original Assignee
Johnson and Johnson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson filed Critical Johnson and Johnson
Priority to US37737273 priority Critical patent/US3895751A/en
Priority to PH15983A priority patent/PH11132A/en
Priority to NL7408620A priority patent/NL7408620A/xx
Priority to DE2432792A priority patent/DE2432792A1/de
Priority to GB3014874A priority patent/GB1449981A/en
Priority to IT5197574A priority patent/IT1016341B/it
Priority to CA204,252A priority patent/CA1010433A/en
Priority to AU71007/74A priority patent/AU480088B2/en
Priority to JP7793774A priority patent/JPS5038184A/ja
Priority to BE146397A priority patent/BE817459A/xx
Priority to FR7423887A priority patent/FR2236993B1/fr
Priority to US05/556,998 priority patent/US3957186A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3895751A publication Critical patent/US3895751A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
    • A61F13/15707—Mechanical treatment, e.g. notching, twisting, compressing, shaping
    • A61F13/15723—Partitioning batts; Cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/02—Tearing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H7/00—Apparatus or processes for cutting, or otherwise severing, specially adapted for the cutting, or otherwise severing, of textile materials
    • D06H7/20—Tearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/10—Methods
    • Y10T225/14—Longitudinally of direction of feed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/35—Work-parting pullers [bursters]
    • Y10T225/357—Relatively movable clamps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/393—Web restrainer

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to a method of tearing sections from a continuous web of fibers without causing compression of the fibers at the severance line by grasping the web at spaced portions adjacent to the tearing area, and moving one portion relative to the other portion to stress and tear the web.
  • An apparatus for accomplishing the tearing includes two juxtaposed pairs of jaws, or the like, which receive and engage an intermittently advanced web. One pair of jaws is then displaced from the juxtaposed position to stress and tear the web. The stressing and tearing action substantially eliminates any densitied layer or thickened portions between the ends of the section and the engagement line while the engagement of the web creates a transverse densified line near the ends of the sections,
  • the present invention relates to the field of fiber web processing and, more particularly, to the field of air laid web severing.
  • An apparatus of the present invention provides means of transversely tearing a web into sections, such as those used in disposable diapers.
  • the present invention discloses a method and an apparatus which may be used to overcome the severance densification problem by tearing rather than cutting the web, thus severing sections from a web without creating undesirable edge densification lines.
  • the present invention eliminates densification at the line of severance since there is no contact with the web at the line of severance as there is when the web is severed with a knife or the like.
  • two juxtaposed pairs of jaws are provided.
  • a nonwoven web is intermittently fed between the pairs of jaws, and the web is engaged by them after the web has been advanced to a predetermined length corresponding to the length of the section to be severed.
  • the juxtaposed jaws on either side of the web are biased together prior to web engagement.
  • the jaws When the jaws are brought into contact with the web, the web is engaged due to the opposing orientation of the jaws.
  • Each pair of jaws may be resiliently mounted so that engagement is maintained despite differences in web thickness or positioning of the jaws during engagement.
  • One pair of jaws is then displaced relative to the other pair of jaws during web engagement and the web is torn.
  • the displaced pair of jaws is returned to its biased position, and jaws are taken out of engagement with the web.
  • the severed section is removed and a new length of web is fed between the pairs of holding means, and the tearing operation is repeated as discussed above.
  • the stress and tearing action of the present invention substantially eliminates the preformed lines and layer at the ends of the section, and thus minimizes the migration of liquid to the torn ends.
  • the engaging operation of this invention may be utilized to further facilitate liquid migration.
  • the jaws of the present invention engage and tear the web, the longitudinal densification lines and densified layer, if any, are substantially eliminated at the ends of the section, as described above, and a transverse densification line will be created at the engagement line by the action of the jaws during web engagement. This transverse densification line will cooperate with the longitudinal lines.
  • This transfer path functions in cooperation with the longitudinal lines to provide maximum dispersion of the liquid to the areas of the web section which are not in direct contact with the liquid depository site.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an apparatus of this invention demonstrating various phases of the tearing cycle
  • FIGS. 2-4 are fragmentary side elevational views of an apparatus of this invention demonstrating various phases of the tearing cycle
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view, partially in cross section, of the jaws in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 An apparatus embodying the present invention is il lustrated in FIG. 1, and enumerated in its entirety as 10.
  • FIG. 1 An apparatus embodying the present invention is il lustrated in FIG. 1, and enumerated in its entirety as 10.
  • the tearing apparatus 10 is comprised of two juxtaposed pairs of opposing jaws 12, 12a, 14 and 14a.
  • the lower set of jaws 12a and 14a in this embodiment are mounted directly to a frame member (not shown).
  • Lower jaw 12a is fixedly positioned to the frame member, and lower holding jaw 14a is pivotally mounted to the frame member at its lower portion by pin 15.
  • Lower holding jaw 14a is biased against spacer pin by the U-shaped spring clip I7 which is positioned beneath the bases of holding jaws 12a and 14a, and acts on the free side surfaces thereof.
  • the lower holding jaws 12a and 14a are positioned beneath one surface of the web W which is intermittently fed from left to right by a feed means (not shown).
  • Holding jaw 12 is resiliently mounted relative to mounting member 18 by bolts 19, and springs 21.
  • Bolts 19 are slidably retained in bores 20 to permit vertical movement of holding jaw 12.
  • Holding jaw 14 is pivotally attached to mounting member 18 at its upper portion by pins 22.
  • the jaw configuration of the preferred embodiment facilitates proper alignment of the jaws during engagement and tearing.
  • the working edges of jaws 12, 12a and 14 are in the form of truncated right triangles, and the working edge ofjaw 14a is in the form ofa flat surface. It will be appreciated that since jaws 12 and 12a are not movable in the horizontal direction, the truncated surface of each jaw will always be aligned, However. since jaws 14 and 14a are movable in the horizontal direction, the flat surface ofjaw 14a accommodates any mis-alignment that may occur between jaws 14 and 14a due to biasing and during web tearing, as discussed below.
  • the upper holding jaws l2 and 14 are supported and actuated by actuating bracket 24 through a system of linkages.
  • the mounting member 18 is raised and lowered by the actuating brackets 24 at the lower end of the piston rods of the air cylinders 23 through a system oflinkages including: mounting member bracket 18a, L-shaped link 25, pivot mounts 28, link 29, and jaw 14 which together assume a normally rectangular configuration by reason of the weight of the assembly, as discussed below.
  • the mounting member bracket 180 which may be integrally formed with mounting member 18, is pivotally attached to the corner joint of link 25 by pin 26. In FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 mounting member bracket 18a is broken away to show more clearly the change in position of link 25.
  • link 25 is supported between pivot pad 27, which extends upwardly from the lower portion of the U-shaped pivot mount 28, and pivot pin 33 which extends downwardly from pivot mount 28.
  • the U-shaped pivot mount 28 is integral with the air cylinder actuating brackets.
  • a sensing means temporarily terminates web feed and directs driving fluid above the pistons (not shown) into the air cylinders 23.
  • the actuating brackets 24, which are formed by the air cylinder pistons are moved downwardly, and thus the upper holding jaws 12 and 14 are moved into resilient engagement with the web above their corresponding holding jaws 12a and 14a, as best illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the actuating bracket 24 continues to move downwardly due to the clearance between the mounting member 18 and the actuating bracket 24, thus compressing springs 32.
  • the clockwise moment in the linkage system is reversed, and a counter clockwise moment is created in the linkage system by pivot pin 33.
  • the holding jaws 12 and 12a are fixedly positioned to grasp the web W, and holding jaw 14 is caused to be displaced to the right by the force transferred by the counter clockwise moment through links 25 and 29. Due to the resilient contact between holding jaws 14 and 14a, holding jaw 14a is also displaced with holding jaw 14 so that the web W is torn and a section S is formed, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a sensing means (not shown) reverses the flow of fluid from above the air cylinder pistons to below the air cylinder piston 23, so that mounting bracket 24 is drawn upwardly.
  • the moment in links 25 is again returned to the clockwise direction and holding jaw 14 is returned to the biased position against pin 16.
  • the lower holding jaw 14a is also returned to the biased position by the U-shaped spring clip 17.
  • the upper holding jaws l2 and 14 are removed from engagement with the web and returned to the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the severed section is removed by means (not shown), the web feed is commenced, and the entire operation is repeated.
  • the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings utilizes lower holding jaws 12a and 14a which are fixedly positioned in the frame, however, it will be appreciated that these lower holding jaws may also be mounted on an air cylinder means similar to holding jaws l2 and 14 so that both the upper and lower holding jaws may be reciprocated into resilient engagement with the web.
  • the preferred embodiment may also be utilized to create transverse compression lines at the engagement lines, which will cooperate with longitudinal densification lines that may have been preformed in the web, thereby forming transfer paths between the longitudinal lines to facilitate liquid migration. Nonetheless, an embodiment of the present invention will sever sections from a web without causing compression of the fibers at the line of severance.
  • the web is sprayed with water, as is known in the art, e.g. Burgeni, U.S. Pat. No. 3,017,304, to provide inter fiber bonds between the fibers in the engagement area.
  • This spraying may be done during web formation, and then the web may be conveyed to a tearing apparatus of the present invention, thereby eliminating a separate spraying step prior to the tearing of sections from the web.
  • the stressing and tearing action of the present invention also substantially eliminates any densified layer or thickened longitudinal regions in the web between the ends of the web section and the engagement area, such as those layers and thickened regions disclosed in the Burgeni patent, commonly assigned Repke, US. Pat. application Ser. No. 187,239, filed Oct. 7, 1971, and Repke US. Pat. application Ser. No. 266,013 filed June 26, 1972.
  • a method for successively tearing a continuous fibrous web into sections having a leading edge and a trailing edge comprising the steps of providing a web; providing two juxtaposed pairs of opposing holding means, feeding said web between said pairs of holding means; moving said pairs of holding means into transverse holding engagement with said web; displacing one pair of said holding means relative to the other pair of holding means and in the direction of web movement during said engagement to tear the web and separate a section therefrom without causing a rearward force against the leading edge of the next successive section; and moving the torn section away from said web together with the displaced pair of holding means while the web is held by the other pair of holding means.
  • a method for successively tearing a continuous fibrous web into sections having a leading edge and a trailing edge comprising the steps of transversely grasping between opposed pairs of spaced jaw members adjacent portions of said web to provide a tearing area in the web between the spaced jaw members; compressing the web fibers in areas of web engagement with the jaw members, and moving one of said adjacent portions relative to the other adjacent portion in the direction of web movement to tear the web within said tearing area without causing a rearward movement of the web.
  • Apparatus for severing separate sections from a web comprising:
  • said tearing means including two opposed pairs of web engaging jaw members, each pair having a first web holding jaw member and a juxtaposed second jaw member pivotally mounted with respect to the first web holding jaw member;
  • driving means moving at least one of said pairs of web engaging jaw members toward the other pair, so
  • displacement means pivoting both of said juxtaposed second jaw members substantially simultaneously away from the respective web holding jaw members and in the general direction of web movement when said web holding members engage the web, thereby severing a portion of said web and moving said severed portion away from said web.
  • said displacement means includes a linkage means connected between one of said second jaw members and said driving means so as to generate a moment moving said second jaw members away from the adjacent web-holding jaw members when both of said second jaw members engage said web.
  • said linkage means comprises a train of three elongated links connected at one end to said driving means and at the other end to said one second jaw member together forming a four bar linkage.
  • a bias means is associated with a pair of web-engaging jaw members and acts on said second jaw member thereof urging the second jaw member against the corresponding first web holding jaw member.
  • the bias means is a compression spring acting on a linkage con necting the second jaw member with said driving means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US37737273 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web Expired - Lifetime US3895751A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37737273 US3895751A (en) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web
NL7408620A NL7408620A (nl) 1973-07-09 1974-06-26 Inrichting voor het afscheuren van gedeeltes van een doorgaande baan van korte vezels.
PH15983A PH11132A (en) 1973-07-09 1974-06-26 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web
GB3014874A GB1449981A (en) 1973-07-09 1974-07-08 Severing fibre webs
IT5197574A IT1016341B (it) 1973-07-09 1974-07-08 Dispositivo per il taglio di nastri di fibre
CA204,252A CA1010433A (en) 1973-07-09 1974-07-08 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web
DE2432792A DE2432792A1 (de) 1973-07-09 1974-07-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abtrennen von bahnabschnitten
AU71007/74A AU480088B2 (en) 1973-07-09 1974-07-08 Method and apparatus for tearing sections froma web
JP7793774A JPS5038184A (it) 1973-07-09 1974-07-09
BE146397A BE817459A (fr) 1973-07-09 1974-07-09 Procede et appareil pour tronconner une bande de fibres
FR7423887A FR2236993B1 (it) 1973-07-09 1974-07-09
US05/556,998 US3957186A (en) 1973-07-09 1975-03-10 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37735273A 1973-07-09 1973-07-09
US37737273 US3895751A (en) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3895751A true US3895751A (en) 1975-07-22

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US37737273 Expired - Lifetime US3895751A (en) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3895751A (it)
JP (1) JPS5038184A (it)
BE (1) BE817459A (it)
CA (1) CA1010433A (it)
DE (1) DE2432792A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2236993B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1449981A (it)
IT (1) IT1016341B (it)
NL (1) NL7408620A (it)
PH (1) PH11132A (it)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3987949A (en) * 1975-10-20 1976-10-26 International Business Machines Corporation Forms bursting apparatus
US3992981A (en) * 1975-11-19 1976-11-23 Fmc Corporation Web stripping apparatus
US3999694A (en) * 1974-02-01 1976-12-28 Franz Vossen Severing useful lengths interconnected through small fillets in a sheet of paper
US4010881A (en) * 1974-08-14 1977-03-08 Mayfran Incorporated Apparatus for the treatment of chips
US4030650A (en) * 1976-07-08 1977-06-21 Lyle Development, Inc. Tail flash removal apparatus
US4111345A (en) * 1974-02-01 1978-09-05 Franz Vossen Method of severing useful lengths interconnected through small fillets
US4180193A (en) * 1977-02-26 1979-12-25 Jagenberg-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for removing the forward margin of a sheet
US4987723A (en) * 1989-03-09 1991-01-29 The John Henry Company Method and apparatus for stripping tags from die cut sheets
US6033354A (en) * 1995-05-31 2000-03-07 Naturembal (S.A.) Pulling action separator
US20100200473A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Insight Promotions, Llc Fragile premium separator
US20110057011A1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Insight Promotions, Llc Premium separator with contoured spaced-apart belt
US20130015228A1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-17 Frank Stephen Hada Method and Apparatus for Breaking a Web Using a Cut-off Assembly
CN109811537A (zh) * 2019-02-22 2019-05-28 信阳颐和非织布有限责任公司 一种无纺布分切装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4404662C2 (de) * 1994-02-14 1997-10-23 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Abreißwalzenpaar
CN113279238B (zh) * 2021-05-21 2023-07-25 陈桐伟 一种快速裁剪的服装生产加工打板装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130885A (en) * 1962-11-01 1964-04-28 Fleming John Stuart Punch and die for tearing paper

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130885A (en) * 1962-11-01 1964-04-28 Fleming John Stuart Punch and die for tearing paper

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999694A (en) * 1974-02-01 1976-12-28 Franz Vossen Severing useful lengths interconnected through small fillets in a sheet of paper
US4111345A (en) * 1974-02-01 1978-09-05 Franz Vossen Method of severing useful lengths interconnected through small fillets
US4010881A (en) * 1974-08-14 1977-03-08 Mayfran Incorporated Apparatus for the treatment of chips
US3987949A (en) * 1975-10-20 1976-10-26 International Business Machines Corporation Forms bursting apparatus
US3992981A (en) * 1975-11-19 1976-11-23 Fmc Corporation Web stripping apparatus
US4030650A (en) * 1976-07-08 1977-06-21 Lyle Development, Inc. Tail flash removal apparatus
US4180193A (en) * 1977-02-26 1979-12-25 Jagenberg-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for removing the forward margin of a sheet
US4987723A (en) * 1989-03-09 1991-01-29 The John Henry Company Method and apparatus for stripping tags from die cut sheets
US6033354A (en) * 1995-05-31 2000-03-07 Naturembal (S.A.) Pulling action separator
US20100200473A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Insight Promotions, Llc Fragile premium separator
US8342374B2 (en) * 2009-02-11 2013-01-01 Insight Promotions, Llc Fragile premium separator
US20110057011A1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Insight Promotions, Llc Premium separator with contoured spaced-apart belt
US8276797B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2012-10-02 Insight Promotions, Llc Premium separator with contoured spaced-apart belt
US20130015228A1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-17 Frank Stephen Hada Method and Apparatus for Breaking a Web Using a Cut-off Assembly
CN109811537A (zh) * 2019-02-22 2019-05-28 信阳颐和非织布有限责任公司 一种无纺布分切装置
CN109811537B (zh) * 2019-02-22 2021-04-06 信阳颐和非织布有限责任公司 一种无纺布分切装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2236993A1 (it) 1975-02-07
IT1016341B (it) 1977-05-30
JPS5038184A (it) 1975-04-09
AU7100774A (en) 1976-01-08
BE817459A (fr) 1975-01-09
DE2432792A1 (de) 1975-01-30
GB1449981A (en) 1976-09-15
CA1010433A (en) 1977-05-17
PH11132A (en) 1977-10-27
NL7408620A (nl) 1975-01-13
FR2236993B1 (it) 1978-05-12

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