US3899017A - Apparatus and method for electroslag remelting - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for electroslag remelting Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3899017A
US3899017A US391318A US39131873A US3899017A US 3899017 A US3899017 A US 3899017A US 391318 A US391318 A US 391318A US 39131873 A US39131873 A US 39131873A US 3899017 A US3899017 A US 3899017A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mould
walls
electroslag
ribs
ingot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US391318A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward Francis Beverley Croft
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Associated Electrical Industries Ltd filed Critical Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3899017A publication Critical patent/US3899017A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electroslag moulds suitable for forming an ingot having a cross-section bounded by substantially straight sides or sides curved to a radius of not less than 600 mm., for example ingots of generally triangular, rectangular or other polygonal crosssection, or for forming ingots of circular cross-section having a diameter of at least I200 mm.
  • the walls of such electroslag moulds are usually water cooled so that the heat passing into the walls from the slag pool and the forming ingot is dissipated with the minimum rise in the temperature of the mould walls. Nevertheless, the rise in temperature of the mould walls in the region of the slag pool and the top of the forming ingot, in relation to the comparatively cooler metal above and below this region produces differential thermal expansion which can cause pronounced distortion of the mould walls and difficulty in stripping the ingot.
  • the mould walls of very thick material so that the rigidity of the mould walls forces the thermal expansion to be taken up in compressive stress and strain in the material.
  • the thickness of the material results in a greater temperature difference between the inner surface and outer surface of the mould walls than would nonnally occur and an increased tendency to bow towards the hotter (inner) surface.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an electroslag mould suitable for forming an ingot having a crosssection bounded by substantially straight sides or sides curved to a radius of not less than 600 mm., for example ingots of generally triangular, rectangular or other polygonal cross-section, or for forming ingots of circular cross-section having a diameter of at least 1200 mm.
  • a liquid cooled electroslag mould suitable for forming an ingot having a cross-section bounded by substantially straight sides or sides curved to a radius of not less than 600 mm., for example ingots of generally triangular, rectangular or other polygonal cross-section, or for forming ingots of circular cross-section having a diameter of at least 1200 mm., comprises mould walls reinforced by vertically extending ribs secured to the outer surfaces of the walls at spaced positions, the mould wall thickness and the rigidity afforded by the ribs being such that thermal expansion of the mould walls is constrained to take place in local bowing of the walls between adjacent vertically extending ribs.
  • the spacing of the ribs and the rigidity afforded thereby are preferably such as to ensure that the local bowing of the walls is of an amplitude such as to be substantially restored on cooling so that there is no significant cumulative increase in the amplitude during use.
  • the portions of the mould walls between two adjacent ribs may be slightly bowed when the mould is in a cold state and the bows on these portions may be either inwards towards the ingot or outwards away from the ingot.
  • the relatively thin mould walls may be cooled by circulating a cooling liquid (e.g., water), through passages defined between the outer surface of the walls and panels secured to the ribs.
  • a cooling liquid e.g., water
  • the ribs may be of cruciform or T-shaped cross-section and the panels, which may be of steel, may be clamped to the cross arms of the ribs to form the passages.
  • such rib sections give lateral stiffness assisting in restricting the bowing of the wall to the portion between two adjacent ribs.
  • the mould walls may be cooled by jets of cooling liquid (e.g., water) which impinge on the outer surfaces of the walls between the ribs.
  • cooling liquid e.g., water
  • the ribs may be secured to a support structure by a plurality of tie means having one of their ends secured to the ribs at spaced positions along the length of the ribs and their other ends anchored on the support structure.
  • the support structure may conveniently comprise a plurality of upright members to which are secured a plurality of horizontally extending girders.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous when applied to electroslag moulds for forming ingots of rectangular cross-section having a width which is considerably greater than their thickness, for example, moulds for forming rectangular ingots in which the width exceeds the thickness by a ratio of more than 2:].
  • the invention also resides in a method of producing electroslag ingots using an electroslag mould as defined above and in ingots produced by this method and by using the defined electroslag mould.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevation of an electroslag mould embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the electroslag mould shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the electroslag mould shown in FIG. 1, partly in section and drawn to a larger scale than that Figure;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary horizontal section of a side wall of the mould shown in FIG. 3 but drawn to a larger scale than that Figure;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary section of a joint in an end wall of the mould shown in FIG. 3 but drawn to a larger scale than that Figure;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are fragmentary horizontal sections of a side wall similar to FIG. 4 but showing alternative forms of the ribs;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section of a side wall of another electroslag mould embodying the invention and having an alternative form of cooling system
  • FIG. 9 is a fragmentary horizontal section of a side wall of a further electroslag mould embodying the invention.
  • the electroslag mould l which is of a kind suitable for forming a rectangular ingot having a width considerably greater than its thickness, has two side walls 2 each having a width which is substantially five times the width of each of its two end walls 3.
  • the two side walls 2 are substantially parallel to each other as are the two end walls 3 and the comers 4 are radiused.
  • the mould 1 has side walls 2 which are 10 feet in width and end walls 3 which are 2 feet in width, the corners 4 having a radius of 2 inches and the vertical height of the walls 2 and 3 being 12 feet.
  • the lower end of the mould l is sealed by a base plate 5 which is of copper and is suitably water-cooled. The.
  • base plate 5 may be movable relative to the mould to allow the solidified lower end of a forming ingot to emerge from the lower end of the mould, in which case the vertical height of the mould -wall would be less than the typical dimensions given above.
  • a suitable arrangement would be provided for moving the mould base relative to the walls.
  • the side walls 2 and end walls 3 are formed of relatively thin copper plate and are reinforced against bending by a plurality of vertically extending metal ribs 6 which are brazed or welded to the outer surface of the copper plate at spaced positions around the perimeter of the walls 2 and 3.
  • the mould is formed in two parts, each comprising one side wall 2 and half one end wall 3, the two parts being secured together with clamping bolts 7 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the copper plate has a thickness of three-fourth inch and the ribs 6, which are of cruciform crosssection, are spaced 9 inches apart, the end of one arm of the cruciform cross-section of each rib 6 being brazed or welded to a wall 2 or 3.
  • the ribs 6 are formed from a metal having a thermal expansion coefficient which is similar to that of the walls 2 and 3 and is capable of being brazed or welded thereto, and for the copper plate mentioned may be brass, bronze, cupronickel or stainless steel.
  • the walls 2 and 3 are cooled by water circulating through passages 8 defined between the outer surfaces of the walls 2 and 3 and steel panels 9 which are clamped or otherwise fixed to the cross arms 10 of the ribs 6 between clamping plates 11 and sealing members 12.
  • the overall length of the horizontally extending cross arms may be 3 inches
  • the overall length of the vertically extending cross arms may be l /2 inches
  • the thickness of the horizontal arms and the vertical arm secured to the mould .wall being the thickness of the other vertical arm being I
  • the cruciform cross-section of ribs 6 ensures that a maximum area of the wall 2 and 3 is in contact with the cooling water.
  • a rigid support structure 13 located on location posts 14 and comprising a plurality of upright box-section members 15 arranged along each side wall 2 and to which are secured a plurality of horizontally extending box-section girders 16. Further, vertically extending members 17 are secured to the girders 16 which extend parallel to each side wall 2 and partway along each end wall 3.
  • the mould is attached to the support structure 13 by a plurality of threaded tie rods 18 each having one end secured in one of a plurality of tapped holes in the ribs 6 at spaced positions along the lengths of the ribs 6 and its other end anchored to one of the girders 16 or one of the members 17 at correspondingly spaced positions. Threaded nuts 19 screwed on to the outer ends of the tie rods 18 enable the tension on the tie rods 18 to be adjusted.
  • the support structure 13 also carries a plurality of inlet ducts 20 through which water can be supplied to the passages 8 and a plurality of outlet ducts 21 through which water can be discharged from the passages 8.
  • the water is supplied through an inlet duct 20 at the upper end of one passage 8 and is discharged through an outlet duct 21 at the upper end of an adjacent passage 8, the direction of the flow of water down one passage 8 and up the adjacent passage being indicated by the arrows 22.
  • a plurality of consumable electrodes 27 are arranged to depend into a pool of molten slag 28 contained in the mould 1 and molten metal from the tips of the electrodes-27 falls through the slag 28 to form the ingot 26 in the bottom of the mould.
  • the mould 1 is cooled by water caused to flow through the passages 8 and through the water cooled base plate 5.
  • any differential expansion in the mould wall in the region of the slag pool and the molten metal 29 at the top of the ingot 26 is accommodated by bowing of the copper plate between the ribs 6 which resist bending due to their inherent rigidity and the support afforded by the tie rods 18 spaced along their lengths.
  • the support structure 13 is sufficiently rigid to carry the loads imposed along the tie rods 18 without significant deflection, and the tie rods 18 are sufficiently strong to permit adjustment of the nuts 19 to correct any distortion of the mould 1 that may occur. Moreover, in the event of an ingot 26 being trapped in the mould 1 the nuts 19 can be tightened to pull the whole wall away from the ingot so that the ingot can be removed from the mould 1. The local bowing of the walls 2 and 3 between the ribs 6 is largely restored on cooling and any bowing that is permanent is tolerable with an economic life of the mould.
  • this initial bowing may be towards the forming ingot and may amount to a bow of one-fourth inch in the 9 inch spacing between two adjacent ribs of a mould 1 of the dimensions described above.
  • the ribs 6 need not be of cruciform cross-section and as illustrated in FIG. 6 the ribs 6 may have a crosssection in the form of a truncated triangle with the apex of the triangle brazed or welded as shown, or otherwise fixed to a wall of the mould such as a side wall 2 and the panels 9 brazed or welded to the base of the cone to form the passages 8.
  • the threaded tie rods 18 are secured in tapped holes in the base of the triangle at spaced positions along the lengths of the ribs 6. In another arrangement illustrated in FIG.
  • the ribs 6 are T-shaped in cross-section and have the end of the stem of the T brazed or welded to a wall 2 of the mould and have the panels 9 brazed or welded to the cross arms of the T to form the passages 8.
  • the tie rods 18 are secured in tapped holes in the cross arms of the T at spaced positions along the lengths of the ribs 6.
  • the walls of the mould such as wall 2 are cooled by jets of water 24 which are sprayed by pipes 25 extending transversely of the ribs 6 and impinge on the outer surface of the walls 2.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a mould for forming a rectangular ingot whose width exceeds its thickness by a ratio of 5:1, so that rolling in a slabbing mill can be minimised or even eliminated, in that the ingots, produced are suitable for direct rolling to plate, it is envisaged that the invention will be applicable to moulds for forming rectangular ingots whose width exceeds their thickness by a ratio of :1 or greater, so that having regard also to the homogenity of the ingot material the need for rolling is yet further reduced.
  • the invention is also applicable to a mould for forming a rectangular ingot whose width is substantially equal to its thickness, or to moulds for forming ingots of other polygonal cross-sections having substantially straight sides or curved sides with a radius greater than 600 mm., or substantially circular ingots having a diameter greater than 1200 mm.
  • a method of producing an ingot comprising the steps of:
  • an electroslag mould having a horizontal cross-section bounded by substantially straight side walls or side walls curved to a radius of not less than 600 mm., the said walls being relatively thin and reinforced by a multiplicity of vertically extending ribs disposed at spaced positions around the mould walls, each rib being secured to the outer surface of a mould wall throughout the length of the rib, and the mould walls being surrounded by a rigid support structure which is spaced from the mould walls and secured to the ribs at spaced positions along their lengths such that thermal expansion of the mould walls is constrained to take place in local bowing between adjacent ribs;
  • mould walls are cooled by circulating a cooling liquid through passages defined between the outer surfaces of the mould walls and panels secured to the ribs.
  • mould walls are cooled by jets arranged to cause a cooling liquid to impinge on the outer surfaces of the mould walls.
  • An electroslag mould comprising:
  • An electroslag mould as claimed inclaim 5 wherein the wall thickness of the mould, the mutual spacing of the ribs. and the rigidity afforded thereby are such that local bowing of the walls is of an amplitude such as to be substantially restored on cooling so that there is no significant cumulative increase in the amplitude during use of the mould.
  • An electroslag mould as claimed in claim 5, wherein the means for securing the ribs to the support structure includes tie means extending between the ribs and the support structure.
  • An electroslag mould as claimed in claim 5, wherein the means for securing the ribs to the support structure includes a plurality of tie rods having one of their ends secured to the ribs at spaced positions along the length of the ribs and their other ends anchored to the support structure.
  • An electroslag mould as claimed in claim 5 having four walls each disposed at right angles to the two adjacent walls so as to produce an ingot of rectangular cross-section.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US391318A 1972-08-25 1973-08-24 Apparatus and method for electroslag remelting Expired - Lifetime US3899017A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3971772A GB1421908A (en) 1972-08-25 1972-08-25 Electroslag moulds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3899017A true US3899017A (en) 1975-08-12

Family

ID=10411092

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US391318A Expired - Lifetime US3899017A (en) 1972-08-25 1973-08-24 Apparatus and method for electroslag remelting

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3899017A (it)
JP (1) JPS49133206A (it)
AT (1) ATA744873A (it)
AU (1) AU5967873A (it)
BE (1) BE804035A (it)
BR (1) BR7306595D0 (it)
DE (1) DE2342954A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1421908A (it)
IT (1) IT996619B (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4197898A (en) * 1976-10-06 1980-04-15 Lukens Steel Company Controlled cooled mold car and method for the electroslag remelting process
WO1988001653A1 (fr) * 1986-08-25 1988-03-10 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky, Proektno-Konst Cristallisateur
DE3690795C2 (de) * 1986-10-24 1990-03-08 V N Issladovatel Skij Pk I T I Kristallisator
CN102310168A (zh) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-11 江苏省方通新型不锈钢制品股份有限公司 一种改进的中厚板钢锭模具
US20130299118A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2013-11-14 Xixia Dragon Into Special Material Co., Ltd. Annular clean metal casting mold

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3420845C2 (de) * 1984-06-05 1987-05-14 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Kokille für diskontinuierliches Abgießen von Metallschmelze, insbesondere für NE-Metallschmelze

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191480A (en) * 1939-02-23 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for manufacturing alloy ingots
US2428660A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-10-07 American Brass Co Water-cooled slab mold
US2479191A (en) * 1945-02-15 1949-08-16 Williams Engineering Company Fluid cooled mold
US2987788A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-06-13 Gen Electric Crucible assembly for electric arc furnace
US3411567A (en) * 1966-06-13 1968-11-19 United Eng Foundry Co Mold supporting structure for casting machine
US3610320A (en) * 1968-11-11 1971-10-05 Boris Izrailevich Medovar Unit for manufacturing hollow metal ingots
US3689023A (en) * 1971-04-13 1972-09-05 Richard Otis Peck Mold with tie rod assembly for slotted block

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191480A (en) * 1939-02-23 1940-02-27 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for manufacturing alloy ingots
US2479191A (en) * 1945-02-15 1949-08-16 Williams Engineering Company Fluid cooled mold
US2428660A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-10-07 American Brass Co Water-cooled slab mold
US2987788A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-06-13 Gen Electric Crucible assembly for electric arc furnace
US3411567A (en) * 1966-06-13 1968-11-19 United Eng Foundry Co Mold supporting structure for casting machine
US3610320A (en) * 1968-11-11 1971-10-05 Boris Izrailevich Medovar Unit for manufacturing hollow metal ingots
US3689023A (en) * 1971-04-13 1972-09-05 Richard Otis Peck Mold with tie rod assembly for slotted block

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4197898A (en) * 1976-10-06 1980-04-15 Lukens Steel Company Controlled cooled mold car and method for the electroslag remelting process
WO1988001653A1 (fr) * 1986-08-25 1988-03-10 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky, Proektno-Konst Cristallisateur
GB2202773A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-10-05 Vni Pk I T I Elekt Oborud Crystallizer
DE3690772C2 (de) * 1986-08-25 1989-07-13 Vni Skij Pk I T I Kokille
GB2202773B (en) * 1986-08-25 1990-08-15 Vni Pk I T Mould
DE3690795C2 (de) * 1986-10-24 1990-03-08 V N Issladovatel Skij Pk I T I Kristallisator
CN102310168A (zh) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-11 江苏省方通新型不锈钢制品股份有限公司 一种改进的中厚板钢锭模具
US20130299118A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2013-11-14 Xixia Dragon Into Special Material Co., Ltd. Annular clean metal casting mold
US9010403B2 (en) * 2010-09-30 2015-04-21 Nanyang Xingzhi Patent Technology Service Co., Ltd. Non-electroslag remelting type clean metal ingot mold

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1421908A (en) 1976-01-21
BE804035A (fr) 1973-12-17
ATA744873A (de) 1975-07-15
AU5967873A (en) 1975-02-27
BR7306595D0 (pt) 1974-08-15
DE2342954A1 (de) 1974-03-07
IT996619B (it) 1975-12-10
JPS49133206A (it) 1974-12-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4610548B2 (ja) 連続鋳造用管状鋳型
US4009749A (en) Thin-walled mold for the continuous casting of molten metal
RU2182058C2 (ru) Кристаллизатор, охлаждаемый жидкостью
US3899017A (en) Apparatus and method for electroslag remelting
US2770021A (en) Method of and apparatus for continuous casting
CN110076305B (zh) 一种有色金属及其合金电磁半连铸方法
JPS62144850A (ja) 有底中空鋳鉄鋳物の静置鋳造用鋳型
GB1473095A (it)
US3888300A (en) Apparatus for the continuous casting of metals and the like under vacuum
US3228071A (en) Continuous-casting mold
US3598175A (en) Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets
US3321008A (en) Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
US3773099A (en) Continuous casting of strands using thermal stress reinforcement
US3336973A (en) Continuous casting mold
US3927855A (en) Fluid-cooled mold
US3151200A (en) Ladle lining apparatus
US3948311A (en) Apparatus for casting metal slabs
CN1022174C (zh) 控制金属模膨胀方法及其金属连铸机
US4741377A (en) Double cavity mould for anode casting
JP2003311377A (ja) チューブ方式連続鋳造用鋳型
AU620181B2 (en) Direct chill casting mould
CN111154985B (zh) 一种大型电渣炉高强度冷却定向凝固结晶器及凝固工艺
US5143144A (en) Rear spacer of a mould for pressure casting flat metal products such as slabs
CA2019958C (en) Continuous-casting mold for vertically casting metal strip
RU2090302C1 (ru) Кристаллизатор для непрерывной разливки прямоугольных слитков