US4015386A - Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel - Google Patents

Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US4015386A
US4015386A US05/547,919 US54791975A US4015386A US 4015386 A US4015386 A US 4015386A US 54791975 A US54791975 A US 54791975A US 4015386 A US4015386 A US 4015386A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
fire
vent openings
low temperature
lining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/547,919
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sanford L. Cook
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CLARK DOOR Inc C/O BORDEN & ELLIOT
Original Assignee
Clark Door Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clark Door Co Inc filed Critical Clark Door Co Inc
Priority to US05/547,919 priority Critical patent/US4015386A/en
Priority to CA224,383A priority patent/CA1035533A/fr
Priority claimed from BE2055456A external-priority patent/BE848319A/xx
Priority to BE2055456A priority patent/BE848319A/xx
Priority to FR7635765A priority patent/FR2391741A1/fr
Publication of US4015386A publication Critical patent/US4015386A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to WELLS FARGO BUSINESS CREDIT reassignment WELLS FARGO BUSINESS CREDIT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CLARK DOOR COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF MO.
Assigned to 916123 ONTARIO INC., A CORPORATION OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO reassignment 916123 ONTARIO INC., A CORPORATION OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CLARK DOOR COMPANY, INC. A CORPORATION OF MO
Assigned to CLARK DOOR INC., C/O BORDEN & ELLIOT reassignment CLARK DOOR INC., C/O BORDEN & ELLIOT CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: 916123 ONTARIO INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
    • Y10S260/24—Flameproof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S521/907—Nonurethane flameproofed cellular product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/232—Encased layer derived from inorganic settable ingredient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/233—Foamed or expanded material encased

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in insulated doors, building panels and the like, and more particularly to an improved insulated panel for cold storage compartments.
  • plastic resins are superior materials for insulating cold-storage wall panels.
  • the best and most widely used of these plastic insulants for the stated purpose is polyurethane foam.
  • polyurethane foam are flammable and produce toxic fumes when ignited.
  • a panel insulated with polyurethane foam requires a supplemental fire-resistant panel to provide first protection and meet code and insurance requirements.
  • the present invention fulfills a pressing need for a single panel having the combined properties of a fire door and an efficient cold storage door, dual qualities which heretofore have not been obtainable in a unitary cold storage door or panel.
  • a metal-clad cold storage door, panel, or the like, containing polyurethane foam insulation has a solid layer of non-combustible, heat-expandable composition material between the cladding metal and urethane foam core.
  • the material intervening the core and casing walls essentially consists of hydrated sodium silicate, preferably held in a binder of glass or asbestos fibres. Vent openings in the casing provide for the controlled emission of gases which may be created internally of the casing by the action of high temperature heat acting on the polyurethane core.
  • the initially solid or crystalline sodium silicate expands and converts to a relatively thick blanket or layer of rigid, cellular composition having high heat-resisting insulating properties, transforming the panel into an effective fire and heat barrier.
  • the principal object of the invention is achieved in this provision of an insulated door or other building panel that affords excellent resistance to the passage of heat when in a relatively low-temperature ambience, and which, when subjected to high temperature heat, will become an effective fire and heat barrier.
  • Another object resides in the provision of a door or panel with the insulating and fire-resisting qualities heretofore described, and which conforms to the code and underwriters' requirements for cold storage and fire door.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a door or panel of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view through the panel, taken at line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view, similar to that of FIG. 2, illustrating a transformed core structure as caused by flame and heat acting on one side of the panel;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken at line 4--4 of FIG. 1.
  • the insulated panel hereof comprises a sheet metal jacket or casing structure having outer and inner side walls designated 5 and 6 respectively, top and bottom channel-shaped strips 7 and 8, these being desirably formed from sheet and strip metal stock.
  • these inner and outer panel members 5 and 6 may be provided with inturned edge flanges 10, which flanges are interconnected by closure strips 11, secured to the flanges 10 as by machine screws or rivets 16.
  • Vent apertures 13 are provided in an upper wall part for the release of gas and vapor generated within the casing by any degrading of the core body as the result of high temperature.
  • the openings 10 are sealed, as a strip 14 of polyethylene film is secured to the inner side of the casing wall in underlying relation to the vent openings.
  • the lining layer 15 consists essentially of a hydrous alkali metal silicate, such as sodium or potassium silicate having water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight. Since the panel may, in service, be subjected to impactive forces the silicate lining layer may be advantageously strengthened mechanically by the inclusion of asbestos or glass fibers mixed with the silicate compound, in amounts up to 30 percent by weight thereof. Other combustible insulating materials such as bentonite or diatomaceous earth, may be incorporated in the silicate solution in amounts not exceeding 20 percent by weight of the hydrous silicate.
  • combustible insulating materials such as bentonite or diatomaceous earth
  • the described lining composition is spread by suitable means on the inner surfaces of the casing wall members to form a layer thereof of from one-eighth to one-quarter inch in thickness.
  • the composition With the evaporation of excess water from the silicate composition, which may be accelerated by the application of mild heat, not to exceed 90° C, the composition becomes solidified and firmly attached to the inner surfaces of the casing parts.
  • Another method of forming the inner lining layer is to lay one or more plies of loosely woven fiber glass or asbestos cloth on the sheet metal casing wall and applying sodium silicate solution to the plies at intervals, until a layer of the desired thickness of the silicate has been obtained.
  • the blanket thusly formed is desirably compressed to densify and reduce its thickness.
  • Pressure to densify and compact the silicate blanket of sodium against the inner sheet metal wall parts may be accomplished by means of pressure rollers, or by compressing the composition and casing wall member between coacting clamp plates of a suitable press.
  • pre-formed, board-like panels of the siliceous composition are cut to shape and adhesively secured to the inner wall surfaces of the casing member, as by an epoxy cement.
  • the wall parts with their inner surfaces covered by the layer of silicate composition by one of the methods above described are then assembled and secured together by suitable metal fasteners 16. Welding is not recommended since the heat could cause premature intumescence of the lining composition.
  • the lined casing next is filled with polyurethane or other polymeric foam resin 18, the liquid constituants thereof being introduced into the hollow interior through suitable openings in the casing wall, following well-known practices.
  • the fire retardant, insulating panel structure provided by the described laminated layers of metal, silicate composition and foamed polymeric resin afford excellent thermal insulation at low ambient temperatures, and achieves superior fire resistant properties when subjected to temperatures above 200° F. Should a fire develop in a building at one side of the panel hereof, the following would occur: at temperature from 100° to 150° C the silicate lining material softens and its water of crystallization begins to vaporize. The material foams, expands and, when all water has been expelled, becomes a relatively thick, rigid wall of porous, pumice-like insulation between the steel casing and the polyurethane. In its converted form the foamed siliceous material checks heat flow to the urethane core, through the panel, and provides heat and fire protection for a period of time in excess of that required for classification as an A-rated fire door.
  • the wall panel of the present invention has been described herein as employing sheet metal for the material of the outer casing or jacket structure, and sheet metal is to be preferred where the panel is required to withstand flame and high heat conditions for a period of three hours or more (the present requirements for a class A rated door or panel), a sheet metal casing is not essential if less stringent requirements govern. In such cases, as where fire protection for a period of one hour or less will be adequate, the casing may be constructed of heavy sheeting material formed from polyvynol chloride, or other suitable plastic resin, or fibre glass sheeting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
US05/547,919 1975-02-07 1975-02-07 Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel Expired - Lifetime US4015386A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/547,919 US4015386A (en) 1975-02-07 1975-02-07 Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel
CA224,383A CA1035533A (fr) 1975-02-07 1975-04-09 Panneau de construction
BE2055456A BE848319A (nl) 1975-02-07 1976-11-16 Bouwpaneel.
FR7635765A FR2391741A1 (fr) 1975-02-07 1976-11-26 Panneau pare-feu a isolation contre les basses temperatures, et son procede de production

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/547,919 US4015386A (en) 1975-02-07 1975-02-07 Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel
BE2055456A BE848319A (nl) 1975-02-07 1976-11-16 Bouwpaneel.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4015386A true US4015386A (en) 1977-04-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/547,919 Expired - Lifetime US4015386A (en) 1975-02-07 1975-02-07 Fire-retardant low temperature insulating building panel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US4015386A (fr)
CA (1) CA1035533A (fr)

Cited By (68)

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US4122203A (en) * 1978-01-09 1978-10-24 Stahl Joel S Fire protective thermal barriers for foam plastics
US4125664A (en) * 1974-07-13 1978-11-14 Herbert Giesemann Shaped articles of foam plastics
FR2419367A1 (fr) * 1978-03-09 1979-10-05 San Maurice De Perfectionnement aux procedes d'erection de constructions a elements prefabriques
US4193474A (en) * 1978-04-11 1980-03-18 Toray Industries, Inc. Sound insulating unit and sound barrier
US4214418A (en) * 1978-08-28 1980-07-29 Smith Stuart B Method of constructing a thermal insulation packet
US4246304A (en) * 1977-04-28 1981-01-20 Dixon International Limited Internally slotted fire seal
US4268581A (en) * 1978-06-14 1981-05-19 Bfg Glassgroup Fire-screening glazing panels and method of manufacturing same
US4269323A (en) * 1978-02-03 1981-05-26 Nippon Sanso Kabushiki Kaisha Heat insulated tank
US4282276A (en) * 1978-08-28 1981-08-04 Smith Stuart B Thermal insulation packet
US4291088A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-09-22 Koninklijke Emballage Industrie Van Leer B.V. Foam products from furfuryl alcohol-amino-formaldehyde
US4292358A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-09-29 Blevex Limited Heat protective barrier comprising apertured member having intumescent coating
US4405682A (en) * 1980-03-19 1983-09-20 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing fire-resistant, thermally insulating board
US4530877A (en) * 1981-10-22 1985-07-23 Cyclops Corporation Fire resistant foam insulated building panels
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US4762746A (en) * 1984-06-27 1988-08-09 Odenwald-Chemie Gmbh Fire-retarding laminated element and a method of controlling expansion of expandable, fire-retarding foaming-agent layers
GB2268533A (en) * 1992-06-04 1994-01-12 Accent Group Ltd Door with edge protecting element
FR2695159A1 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1994-03-04 Olivier Sa Structure sandwich pour éléments de portes et cloisons coupe-feu.
GB2270495A (en) * 1992-09-08 1994-03-16 Timber Technology Limited Doors
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WO1999058804A1 (fr) * 1998-05-08 1999-11-18 Daloc Ab Systeme de porte dote d'une fonction de protection contre l'incendie
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US6114003A (en) * 1997-09-04 2000-09-05 No Fire Technologies, Inc. Insulation blanket having an inner metal core air cell and adjoining outer insulation layers
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US6340389B1 (en) 2000-12-18 2002-01-22 G-P Gypsum Corporation Fire door core
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US8888904B2 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-11-18 Charley Lee Heat generating graphite sodium silicate coating agent
CN107574957A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-12 冯刚克 吸热储能装饰板及太阳能采暖保温幕墙安装方法
CN108032592A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-05-15 徐振飞 一种节能、保温、防火与饰面装饰一体板及制备方法
CN108585719A (zh) * 2018-04-25 2018-09-28 上海新冠美家具有限公司 一种防火家具加工制作方法
USD837418S1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2019-01-01 Rex Britton Structural building panel
USD837417S1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2019-01-01 Rex Britton Structural building panel
USD837414S1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2019-01-01 Sonobex Limited Acoustic barrier
USD872898S1 (en) * 2018-10-26 2020-01-14 Rex Allen Britton Structural building panel
USD872899S1 (en) * 2018-12-01 2020-01-14 Rex Britton Structural building panel
US20200095762A1 (en) * 2018-07-24 2020-03-26 Chunwei Zhang Assembled double steel-concrete composite shear wall embedded with damping interlayer and method for mounting same
CN112431534A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-03-02 湖南盈达门业有限公司 一种隔烟防火门
WO2021262518A1 (fr) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Compositions et leurs procédés de préparation
US20220251864A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-08-11 Baker Engineering & Risk Consultants, Inc. Fragment-, overpressure-, radiation-, and toxic-resistant emergency safety shelter
US11512523B2 (en) * 2017-03-27 2022-11-29 Cornellcookson, Llc Fire rated door
US11607569B2 (en) * 2018-01-24 2023-03-21 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Assembly comprising a plurality of fire protection profiles and method for producing a fire protection profile
USD1084414S1 (en) * 2018-10-26 2025-07-15 Rex Britton Insulated structural building panel with thermal break attachment attached to the front of the panel

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US3334464A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-08-08 Anaconda Aluminum Co Door and method for making same
US3462339A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-08-19 Koppers Co Inc Fire-retardant panel construction
GB1181432A (en) * 1966-12-05 1970-02-18 Rockwool Ab Method for Surface Treatment of Cellular Plastics and Surface Treatment Means for Use in the Execution of the Method
GB1203461A (en) * 1967-03-21 1970-08-26 Ici Ltd Laminated articles
US3566564A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-03-02 Basf Ag Fire resisting doors having metallic outer layers

Cited By (90)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4125664A (en) * 1974-07-13 1978-11-14 Herbert Giesemann Shaped articles of foam plastics
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