US4083037A - Detection circuit - Google Patents

Detection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US4083037A
US4083037A US05/638,843 US63884375A US4083037A US 4083037 A US4083037 A US 4083037A US 63884375 A US63884375 A US 63884375A US 4083037 A US4083037 A US 4083037A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
circuit
pair
battery
field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/638,843
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English (en)
Inventor
Larry D. Larsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Management Investment and Technology Ltd
PATENT DEV AND MANAGEMENT Co
Fyrnetics Inc
Original Assignee
PATENT DEV AND MANAGEMENT Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PATENT DEV AND MANAGEMENT Co filed Critical PATENT DEV AND MANAGEMENT Co
Priority to US05/638,843 priority Critical patent/US4083037A/en
Priority to CA247,489A priority patent/CA1061016A/fr
Priority to GB18023/78A priority patent/GB1567780A/en
Priority to GB49035/76A priority patent/GB1567779A/en
Priority to AU19943/76A priority patent/AU1994376A/en
Priority to DE19762659900 priority patent/DE2659900A1/de
Priority to DE19762653803 priority patent/DE2653803A1/de
Priority to JP51146685A priority patent/JPS5271998A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4083037A publication Critical patent/US4083037A/en
Priority to CA313,975A priority patent/CA1067215A/fr
Priority to CA313,976A priority patent/CA1071774A/fr
Assigned to MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED reassignment MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FYRNETICS, INC.
Assigned to FYRNETICS, INC., reassignment FYRNETICS, INC., ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP., A CORP. OF HK
Assigned to HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP., reassignment HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP., RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PATENT DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY, AN IL. CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/181—Prevention or correction of operating errors due to failing power supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a smoke-detecting fire alarm and, more particularly, to a battery-powered fire alarm of this type and a battery voltage monitoring circuit therefor.
  • Smoke-sensing fire alarms which sense the change in impedance of an ionization chamber when smoke is introduced thereto are well known.
  • an open ionization chamber is connected in a voltage divider circuit across a power source and a change in impedance is reflected in a voltage change thereacross.
  • This sensing voltage is monitored by a detection circuit and when it exceeds a preselected alarm level, the detection circuit energizes a suitable alarm circuit.
  • self-contained, i.e., battery-powered, fire alarms of this type it is known to provide a battery monitoring circuit which will cause a low battery signal to be generated when the battery has been depleted beneath a level at which successful operation of the alarm circuit is assured.
  • Known battery monitoring circuits also suffer from the problem that they substantially hasten the depletion of the battery which they monitor. This is due to the fact that most monitoring circuits compare the battery voltage to a reference voltage established by a reverse-biased or forward-biased PN junction which requires a significant amount of current.
  • battery monitoring circuits are shown in an article entitled "The Lambda Diode: A Versatile Negative-Resistance Device” by Gota Kano et al, appearing at pages 105-109 in the June 26, 1975, issue of Electronics, which overcome the standby power drain problem.
  • the circuits shown therein employ two junction field-effect transistors connected to form what is termed a lambda diode.
  • the field-effect transistors of the lambda diode both remain off until the battery voltage imposed threreacross decreases below the sum of the respective pinch-off voltages thereof.
  • the reference voltage is thereby fixed, and may not be adjusted such that, again, strict tolerances on the characteristics of the device are required, which increases the cost of manufacturing a monitoring circuit employing the lambda diode.
  • An important object of the present invention is to provide a smoke-sensing fire alarm having a detection circuit which is substantially independent of supply voltage fluctuations. Another object is to provide a smoke-sensing fire alarm having a standby power drain less than that of known fire alarms.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a battery monitoring circuit particularly useful in smoke-sensing fire alarms which assumes virtually no power during standby, but does establish a reference potential that may be selectively varied.
  • An illustrative embodiment constructed to achieve these objectives employs a pair of complementary field-effect transistors connected across the output of a Wheatstone bridge circuit to compare a sensing voltage at an ionization chamber in one leg thereof with a preselected alarm voltage established by a potentiometer in another leg of the bridge. Both field-effect transistors remain off until the sensing voltage at the ionization chamber is substantially equal to the preselected alarm voltage. Virtually zero power drain is imposed on the battery during standby while supply voltage independence is achieved.
  • the field-effect transistors are connected such that the respective gate-to-source threshold voltages thereof offset one another so that they respond to a substantially zero voltage difference. This occurs when the impedance of the ionization chamber element assumes the alarm condition regardless of changes in supply voltage. When an alarm condition is sensed, both field-effect transistor switches turn on to energize an audible alarm circuit.
  • a further advantageous feature of the detection circuit is that the output thereof is connected with the input through one leg of the Wheatstone bridge to provide the switch with a hysteresis characteristic tending to keep the field-effect transistors on even after the sensing voltage has returned to a nonalarm condition.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide a battery monitoring circuit of general application and of particular use in a smoke-sensing fire alarm which consumes virtually no power during standby, but which can be adjusted to sense a low battery condition at different voltage levels.
  • one embodiment of the smoke-detecting fire alarm of the present invention is seen to include a detection circuit 10, a controllable horn circuit 12 for providing an audible alarm, a battery 14 providing a power supply voltage V b , and a battery monitoring circuit 16.
  • the detection circuit 10 upon sensing a fire alarm condition, causes horn circuit 12 to generate a continuous audible alarm.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 16 upon sensing a fire alarm condition, causes horn circuit 12 to generate a continuous audible alarm.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 16 upon sensing a selected low voltage condition of battery 14, causes the horn circuit 12 to generate an intermittent audible signal.
  • the detection circuit employs a pair of conventional ionization chambers 18 and 20 connected in series across battery 14 through a resistor 22. Ionization chambers 18 and 20 thus define a voltage divider which produces a sensing voltage V c at a junction 24 between chambers 18 and 20 which is a function of the relative impedance values thereof. Chamber 20 is closed while chamber 18 is open to ambient air to permit the entry therein of smoke and other gases from a fire.
  • the chambers 18 and 20 are matched with respect to their other characteristics, such as their temperature coefficient, so that other changes in the environment affecting the chambers will produce offsetting changes in the chambers and will not alter the sensing voltage V c .
  • the impedances of both chambers are on the order of hundreds of thousands of megohms so that little drain is imposed on the battery 14 thereby. While different relative impedance values for the ionization chambers will work, relative values which produce, in the absence of smoke, a sensing voltage V c equal to 0.6 times the battery voltage V b have been found suitable.
  • the sensing voltage V c is compared by a voltage-responsive switching circuit 26 with a preselected alarm voltage V a developed at the wiper blade output 28 of a potentiometer 30.
  • the sensing voltage V c decreases to a value substantially equal to the alarm voltage V a
  • the switching circuit energizes the horn circuit 12 to sound a continuous alarm.
  • Potentiometer 30 is connected in series with two fixed resistors 32 and 34 across battery 14 to form a variable voltage divider 36.
  • the voltage divider has a resistance in the megohm range to minimize drain on the battery 14.
  • the variable voltage divider 36 taken with the voltage divider formed by ionization chambers 18 and 20, defines a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Consequently, changes in the sensing voltage V c due to fluctuations in battery voltage V b are offset by like changes effected in the alarm voltage V a . This minimizes sensitivity of the switch circuit 26 to fluctuations of battery voltage V b .
  • the fact that the voltage-controlled switch 26 turns on when the bridge is approximately balanced further minimizes supply voltage sensitivity and imposes stability.
  • the wiper blade output 28 is positioned to establish a value for alarm voltage V a less than that of the quiescent value of the sensing voltage V c .
  • the sensitivity may be selectively varied.
  • a value of 0.5 V b for the alarm voltage V a has been found suitable when the quiescent value of the sensing voltage V c is 0.6 V b for a battery voltage of 9 volts.
  • Switching circuit 26 comprises an N-channel silicon junction field-effect transistor or J-FET 42 and a P-channel enhancement-type silicon MOS field-effect transistor or MOS FET 44.
  • MOS FET 44 has its gate 46 connected to junction 24.
  • the output of switch 26 is taken from the drain 48 of MOS FET 44 and connected to gate 51 of an SCR 53 of controllable horn circuit 12.
  • the substrate 50 is connected to the positive battery terminal 25 through current limiting resistor 22.
  • the source terminal 52 of MOS FET 44 is connected to the source terminal 54 of J-FET 42.
  • J-FET 42 is in a source follower configuration with its gate 56 connected to the wiper output 28 of variable voltage divider 36 and its drain 58 connected to the positive battery terminal 25.
  • both MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 are biased off to minimize current drain on battery 14, and turn on only when the sensing voltage V c decreases to a value approximately equal to the alarm voltage V a .
  • both MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 turn on, and drain current from MOS FET 44 is applied to the gate 51 of SCR 53 which turns on in response thereto.
  • the MOS FET 44 functions both as a high impedance buffer between the SCR 53 and the sensing circuit of ionization chambers 18 and 20 and as a threshold switching device.
  • the MOS FET 44 turns on when the gate-to-source threshold voltage is exceeded.
  • the sensing voltage at which this occurs may be selectively varied through control of wiper blade output 28.
  • the position of wiper blade output 28 establishes the voltage at source 52 and thereby the magnitude of the sensing voltage V c at which the threshold voltage of MOS FET 44 is exceeded. Consequently, MOS FETS with differing threshold characteristics may be used for alarms sounding at the same voltage and the cost of manufacturing reduced.
  • the high input and low output impedance of the J-FET 42 provides impedance matching between the voltage divider 36 and the MOS FET 44.
  • the changes in the gate-to-source voltage of V gs of the MOS FET 44 due to temperature changes is offset by changes of opposite sense in the V gs of the J-FET and vice versa.
  • MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 also maximizes supply voltage independence of the detection circuit. This is because both MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 turn on when the bridge is approximately balanced and the point of balance is established solely by the relative impedance values of the legs of the bridge and is completely independent of the supply voltage.
  • the drain 48 of MOS FET 44 is connected with junction 49 of voltage divider 36 to provide hysteresis to switching circuit 26.
  • MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 turn on, a relatively low impedance shunt is applied across resistors 30 and 32 such that the alarm voltage V a at wiper output 28 increases slightly above its value when MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 are off.
  • the sensing voltage V c at junction 24 must increase to a value greater than the value at which MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 were turned on before they will turn off.
  • Horn circuit 12 is conventional and includes a relay coil 60 connected in series between the anode of SCR 53 and a pair of relay contacts 62 operated thereby. One of contacts 62 is connected with a horn diaphragm (not shown) which vibrates to generate the audible alarm.
  • the horn circuit 12 also includes a series connection of a resistor 64 and capacitor 66 connected across coil 60 and a starting capacitor 68 connected across battery 14.
  • SCR 53 turns off as soon as contacts 62 open after gate drive to SCR 53 has been removed.
  • Gate drive is removed through closure of normally open switch 72 connected between the gate 51 and the cathode of SCR 53.
  • MOS FET 44 and J-FET 42 will also turn off and remove gate drive when the impedance of chamber 18 returns to a level sufficiently low to decrease the voltages thereacross below pinch-off.
  • a test circuit is provided by a normally open switch 74 connected through a resistor 76 between negative battery terminal 27 and the junction between resistor 22 and chamber 18. Closure of switch 74 lowers the sensing voltage V c to a level less than the alarm voltage to simulate an alarm condition.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 16 includes a conventional relaxation oscillator including a programmable unijunction transistor or PUT 80 which commences oscillating when the voltage across battery 14 decreases below a preselected value established by circuitry associated with a negative resistance switch circuit 96.
  • PUT 80 has its anode connected to a junction between a timing capacitor 82 and resistor 84 connected across battery 14.
  • the gate of PUT 80 is connected through a resistor 86 to the positive side of battery 14 and is also connected through a resistor 88 to switch circuit 96.
  • the output of the oscillator is taken off the cathode of PUT 80 and connected through a lead 94 to SCR gate 51.
  • capacitor 82 is periodically charged through resistor 84 and discharged through PUT 80 into gate 51 to turn on SCR 53 and momentarily energize the coil 60.
  • the reduction of voltage across capacitor 82 at the end of the discharge cycle causes PUT 80 to turn off at the end of discharge.
  • capacitor 82 The value of capacitor 82 is selected so that the coil is momentarily energized at frequencies of approximately once per minute.
  • the battery voltage level at which the relaxation oscillator is enabled to oscillate is selected so that sufficient power is available to operate the oscillator for at least seven days.
  • An advantageous feature of the present invention is that if the battery should become disconnected, the starting capacitor will provide enough power to energize the horn circuit 12 for one cycle of the resonant oscillator when a low battery condition is sensed by circuit 96. Accordingly, both no battery and low battery indications are provided. This feature can, of course, also be advantageously employed with a circuit powered by A.C.
  • the switch circuit 96 is connected between the negative side of battery 14 and the junction between resistor 88 and capacitor 92.
  • the oscillator circuit is enabled to oscillate only when switch circuit 96 assumes a conductive state.
  • the switch circuit 96 comprises a pair of complementary, depletion mode, field-effect transistors: and N-channel J-FET 98 and a P-channel J-FET 100.
  • the drain-source circuit of the J-FETS 98 and 100 are connected in series with each other between the negative battery terminal 27 and the gate input of the relaxation oscillator.
  • the gate 102 of J-FET 100 is connected to the junction between resistor 88 and the drain 103 of J-FET 98.
  • the gate 104 of J-FET 98 receives a control voltage VL at a wiper output 106 of a potentiometer 108 connected across battery 14 through a fixed resistor 110. Gate 104 of J-FET 98 is thus connected to a potential higher than that applied to its source terminal.
  • Both J-FETS 98 and 100 remain off until the voltage thereacross, i.e., the battery voltage V b , decreases to a value less than a preselected low battery voltage VL established by the variable control VL at the wiper blade output 106 and the threshold voltages of J-FETS 98 and 100.
  • This low battery voltage is approximately equal to the sum of the threshold voltages of J-FETS 98 and 100 and the control voltage VL. Until this preselected low battery voltage is reached, the only current through circuit 96 is leakage current in the nanno ampere range.
  • the switch circuit When the battery voltage V b across switch 96 decreases below the preselected low battery voltage VL, the current therethrough increases rapidly with small decreases in the voltage thereacross until a peak current having a corresponding peak voltage is reached. For values of voltage less than the peak voltage, the switch circuit has a positive resistance current and decreases in voltage result in a decrease of current.
  • the switch 96 functions in a manner similar to that of a lambda diode, as described in the aforementioned article entitled "The Lambda Diode: A Versatile Negative-Resistance Device," and reference may be had thereto for a schematic illustration of the current-voltage characteristic curve.
  • the voltage V v corresponding to the low battery voltage of circuit 96 is solely dictated by the threshold characteristic of the field-effect transistors.
  • the versatility of the switching circuit 96 in which the low battery voltage V v is a function of the position of wiper blade 106, is not achieved.
  • a capacitor 92 connected between the anode of SCR 53 and the junction of the drain of J-FET 98 with resistor 88 provides a positive voltage feedback pulse from SCR 53 when it turns off to assist in resetting switch circuit 96 to its condition in which the voltage across switch circuit 96 is greater than the peak voltage.
  • the total battery current in standby is less than 10 microamperes and the circuit will successfully operate for one year on a single battery of the above-identified type before a low battery indication is provided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
US05/638,843 1975-12-08 1975-12-08 Detection circuit Expired - Lifetime US4083037A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/638,843 US4083037A (en) 1975-12-08 1975-12-08 Detection circuit
CA247,489A CA1061016A (fr) 1975-12-08 1976-03-09 Detecteur de fumee
GB49035/76A GB1567779A (en) 1975-12-08 1976-11-24 Physical characteristic detection circuit
AU19943/76A AU1994376A (en) 1975-12-08 1976-11-24 Detector circuit
GB18023/78A GB1567780A (en) 1975-12-08 1976-11-24 Voltage source monitoring circuit
DE19762653803 DE2653803A1 (de) 1975-12-08 1976-11-26 Detektorschaltung
DE19762659900 DE2659900A1 (de) 1975-12-08 1976-11-26 Schaltung zur ueberwachung einer spannungsquelle
JP51146685A JPS5271998A (en) 1975-12-08 1976-12-08 Smoke sensitive fire alarm
CA313,975A CA1067215A (fr) 1975-12-08 1978-10-23 Detecteur de fumee
CA313,976A CA1071774A (fr) 1975-12-08 1978-10-23 Avertisseur d'incendie avec detecteur de fumee

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/638,843 US4083037A (en) 1975-12-08 1975-12-08 Detection circuit

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/890,289 Continuation-In-Part US4246572A (en) 1978-03-27 1978-03-27 Detection circuit with hysteresis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4083037A true US4083037A (en) 1978-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/638,843 Expired - Lifetime US4083037A (en) 1975-12-08 1975-12-08 Detection circuit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4083037A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5271998A (fr)
AU (1) AU1994376A (fr)
CA (1) CA1061016A (fr)
DE (2) DE2653803A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB1567780A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003662A3 (fr) * 1978-02-03 1979-09-05 Hochiki Corporation Système de station isolé d'alerte d'incendie et un multivibrateur dans le circuit de détection
US4205306A (en) * 1978-01-09 1980-05-27 Dicon Systems Limited Battery operated smoke detector electronics
US4213046A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-07-15 Hartwig Beyersdorf Ionization fire-signal device
US4238788A (en) * 1978-01-03 1980-12-09 Teledyne Industries, Inc. System for detecting a combustion process
US4246572A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-01-20 Patent Development & Management Company Detection circuit with hysteresis
US4251811A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-02-17 Rca Corporation Battery test system, as for smoke detector alarm
US4264901A (en) * 1978-07-17 1981-04-28 Petersen Lee O Moisture detecting and alarm device
US4929924A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-05-29 General Signal Corporation Electronic alarm horn
WO1997038406A1 (fr) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-16 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Signal prealable d'avertissement de decharge de batterie, pouvant etre supprime et destine a un detecteur d'incendie
AU708345B2 (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-08-05 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Fire detector silenceable low battery pre-alarm
US6326880B1 (en) 1998-09-30 2001-12-04 Pittway Corporation Detector with control switch
US20070149254A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 Carrero Alfredo R Method and apparatus for operating a mobile communication device coupled with an external power supply for charging a battery of the mobile communication device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2138570B (en) * 1983-04-19 1987-10-28 Emi Ltd Smoke detector
JPS6237395U (fr) * 1985-08-24 1987-03-05
DE10340396B4 (de) * 2003-09-02 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Gefahrenmelder mit Batterieüberwachung
CN111968337B (zh) * 2020-08-31 2021-06-01 广东爱得威建设(集团)股份有限公司 用于消防的烟雾报警装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505663A (en) * 1965-12-20 1970-04-07 Gen Motors Corp Power source condition indicator
US3594751A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-07-20 Brk Electronics Detection of products of combustion
US3603811A (en) * 1969-12-09 1971-09-07 American Optical Corp Two-terminal bipolar self-powered low current limiter
US3718919A (en) * 1969-06-16 1973-02-27 Nittan Co Ltd Ionization smoke detector

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505663A (en) * 1965-12-20 1970-04-07 Gen Motors Corp Power source condition indicator
US3594751A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-07-20 Brk Electronics Detection of products of combustion
US3718919A (en) * 1969-06-16 1973-02-27 Nittan Co Ltd Ionization smoke detector
US3603811A (en) * 1969-12-09 1971-09-07 American Optical Corp Two-terminal bipolar self-powered low current limiter

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4213046A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-07-15 Hartwig Beyersdorf Ionization fire-signal device
US4238788A (en) * 1978-01-03 1980-12-09 Teledyne Industries, Inc. System for detecting a combustion process
US4205306A (en) * 1978-01-09 1980-05-27 Dicon Systems Limited Battery operated smoke detector electronics
EP0003662A3 (fr) * 1978-02-03 1979-09-05 Hochiki Corporation Système de station isolé d'alerte d'incendie et un multivibrateur dans le circuit de détection
US4246572A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-01-20 Patent Development & Management Company Detection circuit with hysteresis
US4264901A (en) * 1978-07-17 1981-04-28 Petersen Lee O Moisture detecting and alarm device
US4251811A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-02-17 Rca Corporation Battery test system, as for smoke detector alarm
US4929924A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-05-29 General Signal Corporation Electronic alarm horn
WO1997038406A1 (fr) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-16 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Signal prealable d'avertissement de decharge de batterie, pouvant etre supprime et destine a un detecteur d'incendie
GB2325802A (en) * 1996-04-04 1998-12-02 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Fire detector silenceable low battery pre-alarm
AU708345B2 (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-08-05 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Fire detector silenceable low battery pre-alarm
GB2325802B (en) * 1996-04-04 2000-07-19 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Fire detector silenceable low battery pre-alarm
US6326880B1 (en) 1998-09-30 2001-12-04 Pittway Corporation Detector with control switch
US20070149254A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 Carrero Alfredo R Method and apparatus for operating a mobile communication device coupled with an external power supply for charging a battery of the mobile communication device
US7742753B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2010-06-22 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for operating a mobile communication device coupled with an external power supply for charging a battery of the mobile communication device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1994376A (en) 1978-06-01
GB1567779A (en) 1980-05-21
DE2653803A1 (de) 1977-07-28
CA1061016A (fr) 1979-08-21
DE2659900A1 (de) 1978-01-12
GB1567780A (en) 1980-05-21
JPS5271998A (en) 1977-06-15

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