US4137447A - Electric heater plate - Google Patents

Electric heater plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US4137447A
US4137447A US05/900,947 US90094778A US4137447A US 4137447 A US4137447 A US 4137447A US 90094778 A US90094778 A US 90094778A US 4137447 A US4137447 A US 4137447A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
tempered glass
thin lines
pair
interconnection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/900,947
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English (en)
Inventor
Premakaran T. Boaz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Motor Co
Priority to US05/900,947 priority Critical patent/US4137447A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4137447A publication Critical patent/US4137447A/en
Priority to CA323,311A priority patent/CA1122633A/fr
Priority to JP3571379A priority patent/JPS54158741A/ja
Priority to GB7912520A priority patent/GB2022976B/en
Priority to DE19797910630U priority patent/DE7910630U1/de
Priority to FR7910025A priority patent/FR2424684A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means

Definitions

  • the structure defined in this patent is one wherein a plurality of spaced, wire heating elements are embedded in a pane of glass.
  • a relatively short metallic collector, also embedded in the glass pane and having a circular segment configuration, is provided in each peripheral side of the pane at opposite margins thereof.
  • a central wire heating element extends between the collectors in a rectilinear path. Additional wire heating elements above and below the central element have a rectilinear central portion parallel to the central element and are connected to the collectors by end portions converging on the respective collectors.
  • the respective collectors have an appendix extending outwardly beyond the window weatherstripping to serve as a terminal for connection to a power source.
  • an electrical heater plate 10 such as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
  • Such an electric heater plate 10 is used in vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company which are equipped with electrically heated backlites.
  • the electrical heater plate is formed from a base which is a tempered glass sheet 12.
  • the tempered glass sheet has a plurality of thin lines 14--14 of a silver ceramic material bonded to one surface of the tempered glass sheet.
  • the method by which such thin lines are formed on the glass sheet is by a silk screening operation which is well known in the art.
  • the materials used in the process are also well known in the art, for example, see Column 2 of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,218.
  • interconnection strip 16 having a width greater than one-half inch and formed of silver ceramic material interconnecting the associated right hand or left hand ends of the thin lines 14--14.
  • the interconnection strip also has associated therewith an enlarged termination area 18.
  • a copper strip 20 is soldered at locations identified by the numeral 22--22 to the interconnection strip 16, whereby electrical interconnection is made along the interconnection strip 16.
  • An electrical lead 24 is soldered at position 26 to the termination area 18 of the interconnection strip 16, whereby electrical interconnection may be made between the electrical lead 24 and an electrical circuit, not shown, which provides power to the lines 14--14, which in turn provides heat to the tempered glass sheet 12 in order to de-ice or de-fog the same.
  • the structure proposed in this application is one which substantially reduces the amount of silver ceramic material used to form an electrical heater plate which can be used, for example, as a rear window in a motor vehicle.
  • the reduction in the amount of silver ceramic used provides two benefits.
  • a first benefit is that the cost of the structure is reduced because less silver is used in forming the structure.
  • the second benefit achieved is that the interconnection strip of a wide dimension, as identified by the numeral 16 in FIG. 1, is substantially eliminated and replaced by interconnecting structure which can be more easily hidden by moldings over the rear window when the window is an installed position in a motor vehicle.
  • This invention relates to an electric heater plate, and, more particularly, to an electric heater plate in which the plate is sheet of tempered glass which may be used as the backlite in a motor vehicle.
  • the backlite is heated in order to defrost or de-fog the same.
  • an electric heater plate has as its basic substrate a sheet of tempered glass.
  • a plurality of thin lines of a silver ceramic material are bonded to one surface of the sheet of tempered glass and they extend in a generally parallel but spaced apart relationship, across a dimension of the sheet of tempered glass.
  • Each of the plurality of thin lines have a left hand end portion and a right hand end portion defined at opposite ends thereof.
  • a number of the plurality of thin lines form a group of thin lines.
  • a pair of relatively thin interconnection strips of a silver ceramic material are bonded to the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass to which the thin lines are bonded.
  • a small terminal area of a silver ceramic material is associated with each of the interconnection strips. These small terminal areas are also bonded to the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass to which the thin lines are bonded. These terminal areas are interconnected with associated left hand or right hand interconnection strips.
  • a pair of termination areas of silver ceramic material are also provided on the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass. These termination areas are located at a position spaced from the left hand and the right hand interconnection strips and terminal areas associated therewith.
  • a pair of thin copper strips are provided. One of these strips is bonded to each of the terminal areas and the termination area associated with either the left hand or the right hand interconnection strip thereby to electrically interconnect the same.
  • a pair of electrical leads are also provided. One such electrical lead is connected to each of the pair of termination areas in order to provide a connection to an electric circuit of a motor vehicle, which in turn provides the electric power necessary to generate the heat in the silver ceramic material thereby to de-ice or de-fog the sheet of tempered glass.
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing which depicts the prior art known in this area which has been described in the Background of the Invention and Prior Art Statement of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of an electric heater plate constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged drawing of the portion of the electric heater plate of FIG. 2, which is enclosed by the circle identified by the numeral 3.
  • an electric heater plate generally identified by the numeral 30 which is constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • the electric heater plate is formed on a sheet of tempered glass 32 which in accordance with the teachings of the preferred embodiment of this invention is a sheet of glass which is used as a backlite for an automotive vehicle.
  • the sheet of tempered glass has a plurality of thin lines 34--34 of a silver ceramic material bonded to one surface thereof.
  • the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass is that surface which faces the interior of the vehicle when the sheet of tempered glass is located in an installed position.
  • the plurality of thin lines 34--34 extend in a generally parallel but spaced apart relationship across a dimension of a sheet of tempered glass. In the preferred embodiment, the parallel lines extend across the length of the glass sheet as seen in FIG. 2.
  • These plurality of thin lines 34--34 are formed from a silver ceramic material.
  • the silver ceramic material is applied in a conventional manner through a silk screen printing operation.
  • a low resistance, conductive silver paste is applied through a suitable silk screen. As it passes through this screen, it adheres to the sheet of glass 32.
  • Typical of low resistance, conductive silver pastes that may be used are Drakefeld silver paste A653, or Englehard Hanovia silver paste 9124, both commercially available.
  • the conductive silver pastes are finely divided particles of silver milled in squegee oil and other organic additives and ceramic materials to facilitate silk screening of the paste. The additives burn out during the firing of the device.
  • an untempered sheet of glass has a silver paste applied thereto.
  • the silver paste and glass are heated to a temperature in the range of about 600° C to 625° C for from four to five minutes in a tempering furnace. This temperature is above the strain point of the glass.
  • the fine silver particles bond to the glass by a bond believed to be in part chemical and in part mechanical.
  • the glass sheet is subsequently cooled at a rapid rate to room temperature in order to temper the same and produce a tempered sheet of glass having the silver ceramic material bonded thereto.
  • each of a plurality of thin lines 34 have left hand end portions 36 and right hand end portions 38 at opposite ends thereof.
  • a number of the plurality of thin lines 34--34 are formed into a group of thin lines. For example, in FIG. 2 the upper three thin lines shown form a first group A of thin lines and the lower three lines form a group B of thin lines.
  • a pair of relatively thin interconnection strips 40--40 of the same silver ceramic material are also formed on and bonded to the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass 32 to which the plurality of thin lines 34--34 of group A are connected.
  • Individual ones of these interconnection strips 40--40 have a thickness of about 0.060 inches and interconnect either the left hand end portions 36 or the right hand end portions 38 of the group of thin lines 34--34 designated by the letter A.
  • interconnection strips 42--42 also having a thickness of about 0.060 inches, interconnect the left hand end portions 36--36 and right hand end portions 38--38 of the group of thin lines 34--34 of group B.
  • a small terminal area 44 having a width and length about 0.190 inches, also formed of a silver ceramic material in the silk screen printing operation, is associated with each of the interconnection strips 40--40 and 42--42.
  • Each of these terminal areas 44--44 is bonded to the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass 32 to which the plurality of thin lines 34--34 are bonded.
  • These individual terminal areas 44--44 are interconnected with an associated left hand or right hand interconnection strip 40--40, 42--42.
  • a left hand termination area 46 and a right hand termination area 48 are also provided which are formed of the silver ceramic material and laid down on the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass 32 in the same silk screening operation as produces the plurality of thin lines 34--34 and the interconnection strips 40 and 42.
  • the termination areas are spaced below the group of lines A and B and generally have a surface area directly below their associated termination areas 44--44.
  • a left hand thin copper strip 50 and right hand thin copper strip 52 are also provided. These thin copper strips may have a coating of solder thereover so that they may be soldered respectively to the termination areas 44--44 and the left hand termination area 46 and right hand termination area 48, as indicated by solder connections designated by the numeral 54. As is best seen in FIG. 2, the solder connections 54 are made right on the termination areas 44--44 for the left and right hand sides of each group A and B of thin lines 34--34. Instead of coating the copper strips 50 and 52 with solder, individual amounts of solder may be placed between the terminal areas 44--44 and the left and right hand termination areas 46 and 48 and the copper strips in order to effect the solder connection 54 between these elements.
  • Electrical leads 56 and 58 are respectively soldered to the left hand termination area 46 and the right hand termination area 48 to provide leads to the electric supply circuits of the motor vehicle in a known manner whereby a current may be applied therebetween in order to heat the sheet of tempered glass 32 to defrost and de-ice the same when required.
  • Separation of the thin lines 34--34 into groups of lines A and B is also of value from the standpoint that if one of the solder connections 54 comes loose, the associated group of lines is disconnected from the power source. In such a manner, power is not fed to the group of lines from a remote location, which action can cause localized overheating of the glass sheet which can result in breakage thereof.
  • the structure disclosed in this application is one which substantially reduces the amount of silver ceramic material necessary to define the electric heater pattern on the sheet of tempered glass.
  • the reduction in the amount of silver used reduces the cost involved in manufacturing this unit.
  • the individual lines, in particular the interconnection strips are reduced in size, they may be located nearer the side edges of the sheet of tempered glass. Such a location for these interconnection strips means that one may more easily cover the same with the molding strips that are used about the outside of the tempered glass sheet after it has been installed in a motor vehicle. Covering of the relatively thin interconnection strips, the terminal areas, termination areas, and thin cooper strips, makes the whole structure more asthetically pleasing to the consumer than a structure in which such elements are visible when viewed from the rear of the vehicle.
  • the number of groups may be one or more, depending upon the dimension of the backlite to be covered by the plurality of thin lines. In some applications, three, four or more groups of lines may be necessary, whereas in other applications only a single group of lines would be necessary.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
US05/900,947 1978-04-28 1978-04-28 Electric heater plate Expired - Lifetime US4137447A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/900,947 US4137447A (en) 1978-04-28 1978-04-28 Electric heater plate
CA323,311A CA1122633A (fr) 1978-04-28 1979-03-13 Plaque chauffante electrique
JP3571379A JPS54158741A (en) 1978-04-28 1979-03-28 Electric heating plate
GB7912520A GB2022976B (en) 1978-04-28 1979-04-10 Heated window
DE19797910630U DE7910630U1 (de) 1978-04-28 1979-04-11 Beheizbare heckscheibe fuer kraftfahrzeuge
FR7910025A FR2424684A1 (fr) 1978-04-28 1979-04-20 Plaque chauffante electrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/900,947 US4137447A (en) 1978-04-28 1978-04-28 Electric heater plate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4137447A true US4137447A (en) 1979-01-30

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ID=25413342

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/900,947 Expired - Lifetime US4137447A (en) 1978-04-28 1978-04-28 Electric heater plate

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4137447A (fr)
JP (1) JPS54158741A (fr)
CA (1) CA1122633A (fr)
DE (1) DE7910630U1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2424684A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2022976B (fr)

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4323726A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-04-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrical bus bar assembly
US4361751A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electroconductive window having improved bus bar
EP0065857A3 (fr) * 1981-05-14 1983-03-16 Ford Motor Company Limited Plaque chauffante électrique
US4388522A (en) * 1980-12-08 1983-06-14 Ford Motor Company Electrically heated backlite structure
US4814586A (en) * 1980-08-28 1989-03-21 Grise Frederick Gerard J Electrical resistance heater
US5023023A (en) * 1989-06-20 1991-06-11 Allen Elenewski Method of forming curved transparent cellulose diacetate visor having silk screened electric heating conductor
US5184817A (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-09 Greenreader Inc. Golf putting aid
US6014840A (en) * 1997-12-24 2000-01-18 Dura Automotive Systems, Inc. Heated sliding window assembly with an electrically connected sliding pane
US6255624B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-07-03 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Electrically heated backlite assembly and method
US20020092849A1 (en) * 1998-06-15 2002-07-18 Petrenko Victor F. High-frequency melting of interfacial ice
US20030000718A1 (en) * 1998-06-15 2003-01-02 Petrenko Victor F. High-frequency de-icing of cableways
US6504559B1 (en) 1998-09-14 2003-01-07 Gerald W. Newton Digital thermal printing process
US6576572B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-06-10 Schott Lithotec Ag Method of heating a substrate using a variable surface hot plate for improved bake uniformity
US20030146199A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-07 Jean-Marc Sol Heatable vehicle windshield with bus bars including braided and printed portions
US20030155467A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Victor Petrenko Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface
US6615521B1 (en) * 2000-12-13 2003-09-09 Daktronics, Inc. Outdoor electrical display sign with an electrical resistance heater
US6818831B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2004-11-16 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems and methods for modifying ice adhesion strength
US20060272340A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-12-07 Victor Petrenko Pulse electrothermal and heat-storage ice detachment apparatus and methods
US20080196429A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2008-08-21 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal And Heat-Storage Ice Detachment Apparatus And Method
US20080223842A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2008-09-18 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems And Methods For Windshield Deicing
US20090199569A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2009-08-13 Victor Petrenko Pulse systems and methods for detaching ice
US20090235682A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2009-09-24 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal Mold Release Icemaker With Safety Baffles For Refrigerator
US20090235681A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2009-09-24 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal Mold Release Icemaker For Refrigerator Having Interlock Closure And Baffle For Safety
US20090277671A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2009-11-12 Pilkington Automotivre Deutschland Gmbh Glass pane having soldered electrical terminal connections
US20100059503A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2010-03-11 Victor Petrenko Pulse Electrothermal Deicing Of Complex Shapes
US20100112324A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2010-05-06 Boaz Premakaran T Coatings on Glass
US7883609B2 (en) 1998-06-15 2011-02-08 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Ice modification removal and prevention
US20110030276A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Heated rear slider window assembly
US20110132588A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-06-09 Icecode, Llc System and Method for Energy-Saving Inductive Heating of Evaporators and Other Heat-Exchangers
US8424324B2 (en) 2008-11-05 2013-04-23 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Refrigerant evaporators with pulse-electrothermal defrosting
US8881458B2 (en) 2009-08-06 2014-11-11 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly
US8915018B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-12-23 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly
US8938914B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2015-01-27 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly with cable guides
US9475364B2 (en) 2013-10-14 2016-10-25 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Sealing system for movable window of rear window assembly
US9579955B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2017-02-28 Magna Mirros Of America, Inc. Rear slider window assembly with heated movable window
US9731580B2 (en) 2014-10-29 2017-08-15 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly with sensor
US10023026B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2018-07-17 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Vehicle rear slider window assembly with enhanced rail attachment
US10239397B2 (en) 2015-11-24 2019-03-26 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Sealing system for movable window of rear window assembly
US10266037B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2019-04-23 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly with two piece end stop
US10524313B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2019-12-31 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Rear slider window assembly with laminated heating element
US11686144B2 (en) 2021-02-24 2023-06-27 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Slider window assembly with switch device
US11912110B2 (en) 2020-06-05 2024-02-27 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Sealing system for movable window of vehicular rear slider window assembly
US11938793B2 (en) 2019-03-14 2024-03-26 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Sealing system for movable window of vehicular rear window assembly
US12053953B2 (en) 2020-03-06 2024-08-06 Pilkington Group Limited Laminated glass having a connector, method of manufacturing the same and use of the same

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JP2013112122A (ja) * 2011-11-28 2013-06-10 Toyota Motor Corp ウインドガラス構造
JP6639089B2 (ja) * 2015-02-04 2020-02-05 日本板硝子株式会社 車両用の窓ガラス
JP6551324B2 (ja) * 2016-07-06 2019-07-31 株式会社豊田自動織機 樹脂ウィンドウ

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US4048469A (en) * 1973-12-12 1977-09-13 Societa Italiana Vetro Siv S.P.A. Automatic control system for a defogging circuit

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FR1544718A (fr) * 1966-08-08 1968-11-08 Triplex Safety Glass Co Procédé pour appliquer au moins un conducteur électrique à un corps vitreux mauvais conducteur
DE2052081A1 (de) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-27 Licentia Gmbh Elektrische Strahlungsheizplatte
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US3813519A (en) * 1964-11-09 1974-05-28 Saint Gobain Electrically heated glass window
US3634654A (en) * 1966-09-13 1972-01-11 Saint Gobain Electric thermal window with an adjustable terminal structure
US3792232A (en) * 1971-09-28 1974-02-12 Saint Gobain Electrically heated window
US3794809A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-26 Ford Motor Co Vehicle windshield
US3995142A (en) * 1973-06-18 1976-11-30 Societa Italiana Vetro Slv S.P.A. Defogging rear window pane for motor vehicles
US4048469A (en) * 1973-12-12 1977-09-13 Societa Italiana Vetro Siv S.P.A. Automatic control system for a defogging circuit
US3895218A (en) * 1974-05-02 1975-07-15 Asg Ind Inc Electric heater plate and terminal thereof

Cited By (69)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4361751A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electroconductive window having improved bus bar
US4323726A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-04-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrical bus bar assembly
US4814586A (en) * 1980-08-28 1989-03-21 Grise Frederick Gerard J Electrical resistance heater
US4388522A (en) * 1980-12-08 1983-06-14 Ford Motor Company Electrically heated backlite structure
EP0065857A3 (fr) * 1981-05-14 1983-03-16 Ford Motor Company Limited Plaque chauffante électrique
US4450346A (en) * 1981-05-14 1984-05-22 Ford Motor Company Electric heater plate
US5023023A (en) * 1989-06-20 1991-06-11 Allen Elenewski Method of forming curved transparent cellulose diacetate visor having silk screened electric heating conductor
US5184817A (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-09 Greenreader Inc. Golf putting aid
US6818831B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2004-11-16 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems and methods for modifying ice adhesion strength
US6014840A (en) * 1997-12-24 2000-01-18 Dura Automotive Systems, Inc. Heated sliding window assembly with an electrically connected sliding pane
US7164100B2 (en) 1998-06-15 2007-01-16 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College High-frequency de-icing of cableways
US7883609B2 (en) 1998-06-15 2011-02-08 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Ice modification removal and prevention
US20020092849A1 (en) * 1998-06-15 2002-07-18 Petrenko Victor F. High-frequency melting of interfacial ice
US20030000718A1 (en) * 1998-06-15 2003-01-02 Petrenko Victor F. High-frequency de-icing of cableways
US7087876B2 (en) 1998-06-15 2006-08-08 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College High-frequency melting of interfacial ice
US6504559B1 (en) 1998-09-14 2003-01-07 Gerald W. Newton Digital thermal printing process
US6255624B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-07-03 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Electrically heated backlite assembly and method
US6615521B1 (en) * 2000-12-13 2003-09-09 Daktronics, Inc. Outdoor electrical display sign with an electrical resistance heater
US6576572B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-06-10 Schott Lithotec Ag Method of heating a substrate using a variable surface hot plate for improved bake uniformity
US6758669B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2004-07-06 Schott Lithotec Ag Variable surface hot plate for improved bake uniformity of substrates
US20030146199A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-07 Jean-Marc Sol Heatable vehicle windshield with bus bars including braided and printed portions
WO2003095251A3 (fr) * 2002-02-01 2004-04-08 Ct Luxembourgeois Rech Verre Pare-brise de vehicule chauffant dote de barres omnibus comprenant des parties tressees et imprimees
US6870134B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2005-03-22 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle windshield with bus bars including braided and printed portions
US6870139B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2005-03-22 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface
US20060272340A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-12-07 Victor Petrenko Pulse electrothermal and heat-storage ice detachment apparatus and methods
US20070045282A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2007-03-01 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface
US20080196429A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2008-08-21 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal And Heat-Storage Ice Detachment Apparatus And Method
US20080223842A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2008-09-18 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems And Methods For Windshield Deicing
US8405002B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2013-03-26 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse electrothermal mold release icemaker with safety baffles for refrigerator
US20090235682A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2009-09-24 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal Mold Release Icemaker With Safety Baffles For Refrigerator
US20090235681A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2009-09-24 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse Electrothermal Mold Release Icemaker For Refrigerator Having Interlock Closure And Baffle For Safety
US20030155467A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Victor Petrenko Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface
US7629558B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2009-12-08 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface
US7638735B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2009-12-29 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse electrothermal and heat-storage ice detachment apparatus and methods
US7703300B2 (en) 2004-06-22 2010-04-27 The Trustees Of Dartmouth College Pulse systems and methods for detaching ice
US20090199569A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2009-08-13 Victor Petrenko Pulse systems and methods for detaching ice
US20090277671A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2009-11-12 Pilkington Automotivre Deutschland Gmbh Glass pane having soldered electrical terminal connections
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2022976B (en) 1982-08-04
DE7910630U1 (de) 1979-07-26
JPS54158741A (en) 1979-12-14
GB2022976A (en) 1979-12-19
FR2424684A1 (fr) 1979-11-23
FR2424684B1 (fr) 1983-12-02
JPS5517471B2 (fr) 1980-05-12
CA1122633A (fr) 1982-04-27

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