US4264029A - Compound material and method for producing same - Google Patents

Compound material and method for producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US4264029A
US4264029A US06/066,452 US6645279A US4264029A US 4264029 A US4264029 A US 4264029A US 6645279 A US6645279 A US 6645279A US 4264029 A US4264029 A US 4264029A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
refractory
alloy
refractory material
layers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/066,452
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Henne
Rolf Prummer
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a compound material for temperatures of up to about 1250° C. or about 1350° C., respectively, and to a method for producing the same.
  • materials should be available which are chemically and mechanically stable at temperatures up to about 1250° C. or up to about 1350° C., respectively. Such materials should not react with diffused gases and should not form for example, hydrides. They must be leak tight and especially with regard to hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide possess the smallest possible gas permeation rate. Further requirements placed on such materials are that they possess a high thermal conductivity, and, on at least one side, are resistant both to scaling at about 1300° C.
  • refractory materials with high strength at high temperatures for example, tungsten, molybdenum, tantallum niobium, or alloys of these metals, which possess a sufficient mechanical strength at the operating temperatures, a relatively small coefficient of thermal expansion, a small vapor pressure, and good thermal and electrical conductivities.
  • these refractory materials are not corrosion-resistant at the desired operating temperatures.
  • a material which possesses the previously itemized desired characteristics, which is chemically and mechanically stable at operating temperatures of up to about 1250° C. or to about 1350° C., respectively, is corrosion-resistant, substantially gas impermeable, has good electrical and thermal conductivity, and on at least one side thereof has a small evaporation rate.
  • a compound material which includes at least two layers, one of the layers being a corrosion- and high-temperature-resistant nickel, iron, or chromium-base alloy (for example, a high-temperature-resistant super alloy), and the other layer being a refractory material.
  • the refractory material which has the required mechanical strength particularly at the operating temperatures, serves as the support material for the mechanically weak iron, nickel, or chromium base alloy, while these super alloys protect the layer of refractory material against corrosion.
  • the iron, nickel, or chromium base alloy is welded to the layer of refractory material by means of an explosive cladding technique, whereby the base alloy coating plate is initially arranged adjacent, parallel with and spaced from the refractory support plate, and an explosive layer is arranged on the side of the coat plate remote from the refractory base plate, the explosive layer being so dimensioned that the collision velocity v k is between about 2700 and 3500 m/sec, and the collision angle ⁇ is between 15° and 25°.
  • a bond such as a brazed or soldered bond has stresses because of the quite different expansion values so that the joined materials are caused to tear and partly separate during cooling. Furthermore, it is difficult to develop and apply a solder material having a melting point that is greater than 1300° C. but is less than the critical temperature (i.e., the melting temperature or the eutectic temperature) of the high temperature alloy layer of the laminate.
  • the critical temperature i.e., the melting temperature or the eutectic temperature
  • the critical temperature is at about 1315° C. and with an iron base alloy with molybdenum, this temperature is at about 1375° C.
  • refractory material in a deep drawable condition, as rolled, for example, in different directions.
  • the hardness of the iron, nickel, or chromium base layer and/or the refractory material is reduced, for example, by annealing.
  • the surfaces of the materials which are to be combined are treated to remove any oxide layer thereon.
  • This heating serves to increase the ductility, to reduce the hardness and to avoid cracks or tears, since the difficulties of the explosive cladding method become smaller with decreasing hardness of the materials to be joined.
  • the explosion plating of the heated refractory material is conducted in an inert atmosphere, preferably a CO 2 atmosphere, thereby preventing the occurrence of oxidation of the surfaces of the layers.
  • the integrity of the bond remains stable after subsequent rolling of the product.
  • a thin metal foil layer is positioned between the base alloy layer and the layer of refractory material.
  • this intermediate layer serves as a diffusion barrier.
  • This intermediate layer of material must exhibit a high melting point and should not show eutectic reactions with the layers of the laminate up to operating temperatures.
  • the intermediate layer is formed of platinum or palladium.
  • the refractory material could consist essentially of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, and niobium, as well as alloys of these metals, particularly also titanium zirconium-stabilized molybdenum (TZM).
  • the iron, nickel, or chromium base alloys are high-temperature-resistant alloys, consisting predominantly of iron, nickel, or chromium with additives of aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium, or chromium. For instance, in accordance with the present invention, a compound material from molybdenum and one of the following base alloys is produced:
  • nickel-base alloy "Inconel 601" comprising:
  • the layer thickness proportions between the high-temperature-resistant alloy on the one hand and the refractory material on the other hand can, in accordance with the present invention, preferably be between 1:2 and 1:5, although different layer thicknesses are possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the layers prior to the explosion plating step.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the explosion plating method during the procedure.
  • the base plate 1 is formed of a refractory material, for example, molybdenum, and arranged in parallel spaced relation thereto is the coat plate 2 which is formed from iron, nickel, or chrome base alloy (high-temperature-resistant super alloy), such as a plate from 60% nickel, 14% iron, 23% chromium, and 1.4% aluminum (Inconel 601, material No. 2.4851 according to DIN 17744 and DIN 17750) or from 72% iron, 22% chromium, 5.5% aluminum, and 0.5% cobalt (Kanthal Al).
  • a layer 3 of explosive material is arranged on the side of the coat plate 2 remote from the refractory base plate 1 .
  • the coat plate 2 illustrates schematically the explosion plating operation produced when the explosive layer 3 is detonated by the detonator 4.
  • the coat plate 2 has been accelerated towards and welded to the base plate 1.
  • the coating layer 2 is progressively accelerated towards the base plate 1 and collides with same angle ⁇ , which, according to the invention lies between 15° and 25°.
  • ⁇ which, according to the invention lies between 15° and 25°.
  • the coat plate successively comes into intimate contact with the base plate, whereby the materials behave hydrodynamically, fluid at their surfaces and an intimate bond is achieved.
  • the explosion has not yet taken place.
  • the explosive layer 3 is so dimensioned that the collision velocity v k is between 2700 and 3500 m/sec.
  • ground plate 1 only one side of the ground plate 1 is coated with a layer of iron, nickel, or chromium base alloy. It is possible, however, to also provide a three layer compound material in which a layer of high-temperature-resistant base alloy is provided on both sides of the base plate 1. This joining of layers can occur simultaneously or successively.
  • an intermediate layer (not shown) between the refractory layer 1 and the alloy coat layer 2, which intermediate layer may be formed of platinum or palladium to serve as a diffusion barrier, thereby improving the bond characteristics between the layers.
  • a compound material can be produced which may be subsequently rolled to produce a desired layer thickness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US06/066,452 1978-08-16 1979-08-14 Compound material and method for producing same Expired - Lifetime US4264029A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782835869 DE2835869A1 (de) 1978-08-16 1978-08-16 Verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE2835869 1978-08-16

Publications (1)

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US4264029A true US4264029A (en) 1981-04-28

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US06/066,452 Expired - Lifetime US4264029A (en) 1978-08-16 1979-08-14 Compound material and method for producing same

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US (1) US4264029A (de)
EP (1) EP0008068B1 (de)
DE (2) DE2835869A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4811766A (en) * 1987-10-08 1989-03-14 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Explosively bonded expanded structure
WO1993015869A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosive cladding
CN100406600C (zh) * 2006-12-13 2008-07-30 北京航空航天大学 Fe改性NiAl-Cr(Mo)多相共晶结构金属间化合物
US20090103684A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2009-04-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Molybdenum-molybdenum brazing and rotary-anode x-ray tube comprising such a brazing
CN101293305B (zh) * 2008-06-23 2010-06-02 南京润邦金属复合材料有限公司 超低碳Cr-Ni-Mo5923hMo合金钢/普通低合金钢Q345B高耐蚀性复合材料爆炸焊接方法
CN105750720A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 攀枝花学院 膏状乳化炸药的用途以及钛铝复合板爆炸成型装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8720248D0 (en) * 1987-08-27 1987-10-07 Imi Titanium Ltd Turbines

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091848A (en) * 1958-09-18 1963-06-04 Gen Motors Corp Method of making multi-walled tubing
US3137937A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-06-23 Du Pont Explosive bonding
US3563713A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-02-16 Amf Inc Explosive welding
US3583062A (en) * 1968-07-30 1971-06-08 Du Pont Explosion bonding of aluminum to steel
US3728780A (en) * 1970-01-24 1973-04-24 Inst Science And Technology Explosive cladding on geometrically non-uniform metal material
DE2343885A1 (de) 1973-08-31 1975-03-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Konstruktionselement zur verbindung zweier rohre aus unterschiedlichen werkstoffen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR768672A (fr) * 1952-03-11 1934-08-10 Molybdenum Comp Nv Perfectionnements apportés aux corps composés et aux pièces faconnées obtenues par leur intermédiaire, plus spécialement pour des buts électriques
CH451965A (de) * 1966-05-20 1968-05-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Hochbeanspruchtes metallisches Werkstück
DE2458739C3 (de) * 1974-12-12 1978-04-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundwerkstoffs mittels Explosivschweißens, der neben einer Tantalschicht weitere Metallschichten aufweist

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091848A (en) * 1958-09-18 1963-06-04 Gen Motors Corp Method of making multi-walled tubing
US3137937A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-06-23 Du Pont Explosive bonding
US3563713A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-02-16 Amf Inc Explosive welding
US3583062A (en) * 1968-07-30 1971-06-08 Du Pont Explosion bonding of aluminum to steel
US3728780A (en) * 1970-01-24 1973-04-24 Inst Science And Technology Explosive cladding on geometrically non-uniform metal material
DE2343885A1 (de) 1973-08-31 1975-03-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Konstruktionselement zur verbindung zweier rohre aus unterschiedlichen werkstoffen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Doherty, A. E., et al., "Practical Applications of Explosive Welding" 2nd t'l Conference of The Center for Herf, Estes Park, Colo; pp 7.4.2-7.4.4, 7.4.6-7.4.32, (1969). *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4811766A (en) * 1987-10-08 1989-03-14 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Explosively bonded expanded structure
WO1993015869A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosive cladding
US5323955A (en) * 1992-02-14 1994-06-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Explosively bonding metal composite
US5400945A (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-03-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosively bonding metals
US20090103684A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2009-04-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Molybdenum-molybdenum brazing and rotary-anode x-ray tube comprising such a brazing
CN100406600C (zh) * 2006-12-13 2008-07-30 北京航空航天大学 Fe改性NiAl-Cr(Mo)多相共晶结构金属间化合物
CN101293305B (zh) * 2008-06-23 2010-06-02 南京润邦金属复合材料有限公司 超低碳Cr-Ni-Mo5923hMo合金钢/普通低合金钢Q345B高耐蚀性复合材料爆炸焊接方法
CN105750720A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 攀枝花学院 膏状乳化炸药的用途以及钛铝复合板爆炸成型装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2835869A1 (de) 1980-02-28
EP0008068B1 (de) 1982-06-09
DE2963069D1 (en) 1982-07-29
EP0008068A1 (de) 1980-02-20

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