US433806A - Fabrik-deutz - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheen 1.

N. A. OTT.

MOTOR ENGINE WORKED BY OIIJ VAPOR.

NO. 433,806. Patented Aug. 5, 1890.

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(No Mode'l.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. N. A. OTTO.

MOTOR ENGINE WORKED BY OIL VAPOR.

No. 433.806. Patented Aug. 5, 1890.

(No Model.) 3 Sheeizs--Shen 8.

N. A. OTTO. l MOTOR ENGINE WORKED BY OIL VAPOR.

No. 433,806. Patented Aug. 5.11890.

`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NIOOLAUS AUGUST OTTO, OF COLOGNE, ASSIGNOR TO THEk GAS-MOTOREN; FABRIK-DEUTZ, OF KLN-DEUTZ, GERMANY.

MOTOR-ENGINE WORKED BY OIL-VAPOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettersllatent No. 433,806, dated August 5, 1890.

Application filed March 1, 1890. Serial 110.342.197. (No model.) Patented in Belgium February 5. 1890, No. 89,416; in Switzerland February 8, 1890, No. 1,874, and in Italy February 25, 1890, LII, 479.

To @ZZ whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, NIooLAUs AUGUST.

OTTO, a citizen of Prussia, residing at Conew and useful Improvements in Motor-Engines Worked by Oil-Vapor, (for which Il have obtained a patent in Belgium, dated February 5, 1890, No. 89,416; Italy, dated February 25, 1890, Vol. LII, 479, and Swit- Io zerland, dated February 8,1890,No.1,874,)of

Y which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that description of four-stroke-cycle petroleum-motor engines constructed by me, in which a spray or var 5 por of petroleum mixed with air to form an explosive compound is-introduced through a long heated passage into the Working-cylinder, such explosive charge, after compression, being ignited by suitable means in the said 2: passage. The charge, which `may be introduced either under pressure or by forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder during the suction-stroke, and which may be formed either in the heated passage itself or before entering t-he same, eifects the clearance of the passage from the residual products of combustion of the previous charge which are retained in the cylinder, and leaves the passage lled with explosive compound suitable-1" 3 0 for ignition. In the arrangement of such en"i gines heretofore employed by me the whole of the air-supply required for the perfect combustion of the explosive charge was introduced through the long passage, whereby the ignition was rendered more or less uncertain. According to the present invention I obviate this disadvantage by introducing into the passage at the point where the petroleum spray or vapor is introduced only a 4o vportion of the air required for the complete combustion, the remaining portion being introduced either directly into the cylinder itself or into the end of the long passage which adjoins the cylinder. By this means the passage remains filled with rich explosive mixture which will ignite with certainty. In four-stroke-cycle petroleum-motor engines in which, after the expelling-stroke, the comeral reasons.

' pression-space remains filled with products of combustion, the explosive charges consist- 5o ing of a mixture of petroleum-spray and air which is ignited in the passagethrough which it is introduced, I have observed that if lthe charge introduced through this passage be a mixture of such a nature that the ignition is always effected instantaneously and with certainty no complete combustion of the entire charge will be effected. If, on the other hand, -au cxplosivefmixture be introduced which has such a proportion of air as to in- 6o sure its complete combustion, then the ignition of the charge will be uncertain and irregular. With explosive mixtures that are readily ignited a complete combustion can no doubt be insured by the employment of devices such'as have been frequently proposed for gas-motor engines, whereby the residual products of combustion are replaced by air during the expelling-stroke. The explosivev charge then drawn in by the suction- 7o stroke, being in this case introduced into a sufficient body of air instead of into products of combustion, its complete combustion will be effected. This mode of operating, however, IIl consider not an advantageous one, for sev- Independently of the fact that the engine is rendered considerably Amore complicated by the necessary employment of a compression-pump and a receiver, the disadvantage arises that the oil spray, instead 8o of entering among the hot combustion products, passes into cold or slightly warmed air, thus preventing the fine subdivision of the spray by its conversion into vapor. This is proved by the fact that if, when the engine is running idle, fresh airbe drawn into the cylinderxthrough the open escape-valve, instead of drawing back the hot combustion products, the ignition of the subsequeutcombustible charge is always uncertain. Now my 9o before-described method of operating whereby a readily-ignitible mixture is drawn into the inlet and ignition passage, while'at the same time a separate charge of air is introduced directly into the cylinder in which the residual combustion products are allowed to remain, is much simpler and at the same time of much greater effectiveness than the abovementioned method.

The arrangement employed for carrying out my said method of operat-ing may be variously modified. Thus the addition al charge of air can be admitted directly into the cylinder through a special valve, or a portion of the air admitted through the valve in the igniting-passage may be led through a separate passage into the cylinder.

It is of advantage to draw in the explosive mixture during the wholeof the suction-stroke, or at least during the greater part thereof, as by such extended drawing in a finer degree ofx the spraying of the petroleum is effected.

The accompanying drawings show, by way of example, one construction of oil-motor engine operating according to the above-described method. v

Figure l shows a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a side view, Fig. 3 a cross-section through the air-valve F and escape-valve H, Fig. 4 an end view, Fig. 5 a section showing the circulating-pump, and Figs. 6 and 7 enlarged details, of the oil spraying and mixing apparatus.

A is the cylinder, whose piston B, when in its backward or inward position, leaves a charging or compressing space, with which the uncooled supply and igniting passage C communicates. The charging-space also communicates with the escape-valve H, Fig. 3, and with the air-supply valve F. The curved passage C has an opening at Z for the introduction of a suitable igniting device, such as a heated tube. At its extremity is the valve E for the admission in the form of spray of the oil or other combustible liquid, (shown to a larger scale at Fig. 6, as also the self-acting air-valve D.) The air-supply is admitted to this valve through the regulating-cock M, either immediately from the surrounding atmosphere or through a suitable appliance for lessening noise. There is also provided a gassupply cock N for admitting ordinary combustible gas on starting the engine.

A pressure-regulator T is provided on the top of the cylinder for supplying the oil un der constant pressure to the valve E, the regulator being charged with oil from the upper reservoir S through the pipe U and inlet-valve U, controlled by a float U2.

Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of the cylinder, showing the valve-gear and governing apparatus. These mechanisms are worked by the way-shaft K, which revolves at half the speed of the engine-shaft.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of the cylinder, and Fig. 5 the construction of a pump for the cooling-water, with special arrangement for regulating the supply of the cooling-water.

The mode of working the engine (shown at Figs. l to 6) and of the mechanisms combined therewith is as follows: The oil passing from the tank S and pipe U to the pressure-regulator T and regulating screw-valve O is in the iirst instance subjected to a preparatory heating in the space above the spraying-valve E. As soon as the air-valve D opens automatically against the pressure of its spring at the commencement of the suction-stroke, and the valve-stein m is pressed down by the cam 7c and lever t, the oil is distributed in the small channels p in the enlarged part of the stem m (shown more clearly in the enlarged plan, Fig. 7) and is further divided on contact with the valve-seat, and is then converted into spray by the jet of air entering through valve D into chamber D and issuing with considerable velocity from the annular nozzle Q. The petroleum-spray thus formed mixes with another supply of air issuing through the nozzle Q forming an easily-inflammable mixture, and passes through the heated passage C into the cylinder A, where it mixes with the residual products of combustion. During the suction-stroke the air-valve F is opened by the cam l and lever u, thereby admitting to the charge in the cylinder a quantity of fresh air for the above-described purpose. On the return-stroke of the piston the charge is compressed and the compressed charge is then fired in the passage C, effecting the working-out stroke by the consequent expansion. On the following return-stroke the products of combustion are expelled through the escape-valve H, which is opened, by means of the lever e and camf. The annular nozzles Q and Qare formed with such restricted area that when the piston B commences its suction-stroke a partial vacuum will be formed in the cylinder, thusenabling the external atmospheric pressure to force the air through the nozzles Q and Q with considerable velocity and thus produce, first, the effectual spraying of the oil, and, secondly, the intimate and uniform admixture thereof with the air to form the combustible charge entering the cylinder.

The formation of an easily-inflammable mixture is effected by regulating the oil-supply by means of the regulating device O, and the air-supply by the cock M. The ai r-supply drawn directly into the cylinder A can be regulated either by an earlier or later opening of the valve or by more or less restricting the passage. The valve F can therefore be made to open automatically against the action of a spring, and the valve D may be worked by a lever and cam instead of automatically.

The ignition is effected as nearly as possible at the end of the charging-passage C such as at the point Z-by means of any suitableigniting appliance. In the drawing Fig. 4 an incandescent igniting-tube is supposed to be employed for this purpose.

The regulation of the engine is effected in such a manner that when, owing to a reduction of the work performed, the engine tends to run at higher speed than the normal the oil-supply is cut off, so that no explosions take place, while at the same time the escape- IZO valve H is held open, so that the'hot products of combustion that are expelled duringl the expelling-stroke are drawn in again from the discharge-dues during the following suction- .,stroke, whereby any detrimental cooling of the cylinder sides is prevented. For the above purpose the regulating-sleeve L, which is moved to and fro by means of the lever e, that Works the escape-valve, and by the link g and lever h, is held in its one end position corresponding to the opening of the escapevalve H by the action of the governor I), lever c, and notch d, so that the cams lc and l revolve out of gear with the levers t and u, in consequence of which the oil-valve E and the air-valve F are kept closed in asimilar manner t0 that described in the previous application, Serial No. 338,115, filed January 25, 18,90. This method of regulation can also be applied to the supply of cooling-water to the lcylinder-jacke*` for the purpose of economizing such Water, as shown at Fig. 5. For this purpose the lever e is arranged to force open the suction-valve by means of the rod d, levers n n', and stem o, which passes through the suction-valve casing and is held down by a spring, such forcing open being eected during the time that the lever e is being acted upon by its cam-that is to say, during about onefourth of a revolution of the Way-shaft. As the pump-eccentric is so placed on the wayshaft relatively to the escape-valve cam f that the said lifting of the suction-valve corresponds to the automatic upward motion of the valve during the suction-stroke of the pump, it Will be seen that when the engine is working at the normal speed the said action of the stem o will not aect the working of the pump; but as soon as owing to an increase of speed above the normal the governor causes the escape-valve to be kept open in the above-described manner the suctionvalve of the pump will also be kept open, and consequently no Water will be supplied to the cylinder-jacket during the time that the supply of oil spray through valve E and of air through valve F 'is cut off. This mode of regulating the supply ot" cooling-water has check-valve in the supply-pipe opening downward and held closed by a spring, so that as long as the escape-valve of the engine is closed the lever holds'thecheck-valve open and water iiows to the cylinder-jacket; but as soon as the'escape-valve is held open by the lever e, through regulating mechanism, as above described, the check-valve is closed by means of its spring and by the pressure exerted upon it by the water in the main, so that during such time the water-supply will be stopped.

l do not herein claim the combination,in a four-stroke-cycle petroleum-motor engine, of an ignition or explosion chamber of restricted area at the end of the cylinder communicating at the front end freely with the cylinder and having an inlet-valve for oil with an inlet-valve for air, an igniting device, and a second valve for the introduction of air situated in the cylinder beyond the explosionchamber, as such features With other combination of elements described and shown herein constitute the subject-matter of my application for patent filed March l, 1890, Serial No. 342,198.

Having thus described the nature of my invention and the best means I know for carryi'ngthe same into practical edect, I claim- 1. yln a four-stroke-cycle petroleum-motor engine having an ignition and explosive chamber of restricted area at the end of the engine-cylinder, the method of insuring a reliable ignition and complete combustion of the charge by introducing during the whole or a portion of the suction-stroke a readilyinflammable explosive mixture of petroleum spray or vapor and air through the said ignition and explosion chamber into the cylinder, such explosive mixture being mixed in the cylinder with the residual products of combustion and with a further quantity of air introduced intoV the cylinder at a point beyond the eXplosion-chamber, substantially as described.

2. In a four-stroke-cycle petroleum-motor engine, the method of stopping the supply of cooling-Water to the cylinderby keeping open the suction-valve of the pump every time the supply of combustible charges is stopped, substantially as and for the purposes (le-- scribed. l

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 12th day of February, A. D. 1890.

NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO. Witnesses:

PET. LANGEN, WILH. SPIECKER.

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