US4478920A - Lithium cell having a solid electrolyte constituted by a conductive vitreous compound - Google Patents

Lithium cell having a solid electrolyte constituted by a conductive vitreous compound Download PDF

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Publication number
US4478920A
US4478920A US06/484,688 US48468883A US4478920A US 4478920 A US4478920 A US 4478920A US 48468883 A US48468883 A US 48468883A US 4478920 A US4478920 A US 4478920A
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electrolyte
lithium
electric cell
iodine
solid electrolyte
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US06/484,688
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Jean-Paul Gabano
Jean-Pierre Duchange
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Gipelec SA
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Gipelec SA
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Assigned to SOCIETE ANONYME DITE: GIPELEC reassignment SOCIETE ANONYME DITE: GIPELEC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DUCHANGE, JEAN-PIERRE, GABANO, JEAN-PAUL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,331,750 and Ser. No. 386,228 describe lithium cells having a solid electrolyte comprising a vitreous compound having the formula aP 2 S 5 , bLi 2 S, cLiX, where X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine, and where a, b, and c are numbers chosen so that the ratio b/(a+b) lies between 0.61 and 0.70, and so that the ratio c/(a+b+c) is less than or equal to a limit corresponding to the solubility in vitreous phase of LiX in the compound aP 2 S 5 , bLi 2 S.
  • a preferred electrolyte for the above-mentioned cells is the following compound:
  • the positive active material comprises between 20% and 80% by volume solid electrolyte.
  • the cell may be constituted by a stack of compressed solid electrolyte pellets suitably held between a lithium pellet and a cathode.
  • the present invention provides a lithium cell including a solid electrolyte constituted by a conductive vitreous compound having the formula aP 2 S 5 , bLi 2 S, cLiX, where X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine, and where a, b, and c are numbers chosen so that the ratio b/(a+b) lies between 0.61 and 0.70, and so that the ratio c/(a+b+c) is less than or equal to a limit corresponding to the solubility in vitreous phase of LiX in the compound aP 2 S 5 , bLi 2 S, with the positive active material comprising 20% to 80% by volume solid electrolyte together with an electron conductor, the improvement wherein a substance chosen from the halogens and the chalcogens is included in the electrolyte in order to produce an in situ chemical reaction at the lithium-electrolyte interface, thereby creating an ionically conductive bonding layer comprising a lithium halogen
  • the possibly discontinuous bonding layer thus formed in situ is a poor conductor of ions, it is thin enough not to materially increase the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte.
  • the thin film of halogenide or chalcogenide thus formed provides electrical connection at the negative electrode interfaces.
  • the bonding is provided by having the halogen or the chalcogen contained in the electrolyte, where it reacts with the lithium which is in direct contact with the electrolyte to form a thin bonding layer in situ.
  • the bonding layer is constituted by a halogenide or a chalcogenide and it may be continuous or discontinuous.
  • iodine or sulphur are used since their reaction products with lithium, LiI and Li 2 S, are ionic conductors for lithium ions.
  • the conductivity of LiI at 25° C. is 10 -7 ⁇ -1 cm -1
  • the conductivity of Li 2 S under the same conditions is 10 -9 ⁇ -1 cm -1 .
  • LiI and Li 2 S are constituents of the electrolyte whose formula is given above.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention use an electrolyte containing 5% to 50% by volume sulphur or iodine.
  • Preferred positive electrode materials are iodine and sulphur.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic section through a first cell
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section through a second cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross section and reaction diagram through a cell in accordance with the invention and using the Li/I 2 couple.
  • the solid electrolyte 1 has the formula 0.37 Li 2 S, 0.18 P 2 S 5 , 0.45 LiI and includes 5% to 50% by volume iodine.
  • the positive electrode 2 is constituted by a mixture of graphite, solid electrolyte and iodine, and contains 20% to 80% by volume solid electrolyte
  • the negative electrode 3 is made of lithium.
  • the cathode and anode collectors are respectively referenced 4 and 5.
  • the lithium iodide bonding layer 6 is formed in situ at the surface of the anode 3 and provides a connection to the vitreous electrolyte 1 while the previously encountered polarisation effects are avoided.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross section and reaction diagram through a cell in accordance with the invention and using the Li/S couple.
  • the solid electrolyte 11 has the same formula as for the Li/I 2 couple and includes 5% to 50% by volume sulphur.
  • the positive electrode 12 is constituted by a mixture of graphite, solid electrolyte and sulphur. It may be obtained by taking a mixture of graphite and sulphur and heating the mixture to 120° C. to obtain a pasty mixture. The mixture is then cooled and crushed to obtain a graphited sulphur powder which is mixed with the solid electrolyte, e.g., 50% by volume solid electrolyte and 50% by volume graphited sulphur.
  • the negative electrode 13 is made of lithium.
  • the cathode and anode collectors are referenced 14 and 15 respectively.
  • the bonding layer of Li 2 S formed in situ is referenced 16.
  • the formation of the bonding layer may be accelerated by heating the cell to around 60° C. to 70° C. after assembly.
  • Positive electrode materials other than sulphur and iodine could also be used in cells in accordance with the invention.
  • the positive active material could be copper oxyphosphate Cu 4 O (PO 4 ) 2 .
  • Incorporating sulphur into the positive active material in example 6 can be advantageous for doping the voltage of the Li/Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 couple, because of the gain in formation energy recoverable by the formation of CuS (chemical sulphurization of copper) in situ during discharge.
  • the gain should be about 250 mV relative to the Li/Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 couple, thus getting close to the voltage of the Li/I 2 couple.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US06/484,688 1982-04-16 1983-04-13 Lithium cell having a solid electrolyte constituted by a conductive vitreous compound Expired - Fee Related US4478920A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8206560 1982-04-16
FR8206560A FR2525396A1 (fr) 1982-04-16 1982-04-16 Pile au lithium comportant un electrolyte solide forme par une composition vitreuse conductrice

Publications (1)

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US4478920A true US4478920A (en) 1984-10-23

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US06/484,688 Expired - Fee Related US4478920A (en) 1982-04-16 1983-04-13 Lithium cell having a solid electrolyte constituted by a conductive vitreous compound

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US (1) US4478920A (de)
EP (1) EP0093282B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58189967A (de)
AT (1) ATE21303T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3365083D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2525396A1 (de)
IL (1) IL68393A (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4585714A (en) * 1985-06-28 1986-04-29 Union Carbide Corporation Quaternary vitreous solid lithium cation conductive electrolyte
US4599284A (en) * 1985-10-01 1986-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Vitreous phosphorus oxide-sulfide solid lithium electrolyte
US5006430A (en) * 1983-04-15 1991-04-09 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Electrochemical generators comprising a positive electrode and an electrolyte based on vitreous materials
FR3040823A1 (fr) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-10 Asb Aerospatiale Batteries Cellule en alliage de lithium comprenant un electrolyte solide pour la fabrication de piles
US10147968B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-12-04 Polyplus Battery Company Standalone sulfide based lithium ion-conducting glass solid electrolyte and associated structures, cells and methods
US10164289B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-12-25 Polyplus Battery Company Vitreous solid electrolyte sheets of Li ion conducting sulfur-based glass and associated structures, cells and methods
US10601071B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2020-03-24 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making and inspecting a web of vitreous lithium sulfide separator sheet and lithium electrode assemblies
US10629950B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2020-04-21 Polyplus Battery Company Encapsulated sulfide glass solid electrolytes and solid-state laminate electrode assemblies
US10707536B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2020-07-07 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and methods of making
US10862171B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2020-12-08 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assembly fabrication and making thin extruded lithium metal foils
US10868293B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2020-12-15 Polyplus Battery Company Treating sulfide glass surfaces and making solid state laminate electrode assemblies
US11631889B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2023-04-18 Polyplus Battery Company Methods and materials for protection of sulfide glass solid electrolytes
US11749834B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2023-09-05 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making lithium ion conducting sulfide glass
CN116845364A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2023-10-03 天津中能锂业有限公司 全固态金属锂电池的制备方法以及全固态金属锂电池
US11984553B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2024-05-14 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium ion conducting sulfide glass fabrication
US12021238B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-06-25 Polyplus Battery Company Glassy embedded solid-state electrode assemblies, solid-state batteries and methods of making electrode assemblies and solid-state batteries
US12021187B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-06-25 Polyplus Battery Company Surface treatment of a sulfide glass solid electrolyte layer
US12034116B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-07-09 Polyplus Battery Company Glass solid electrolyte layer, methods of making glass solid electrolyte layer and electrodes and battery cells thereof
US12051824B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-07-30 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making glass constructs
US12294050B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2025-05-06 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium ion conducting sulfide glass fabrication
US12294051B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2025-05-06 Polyplus Battery Company Making and inspecting a web of vitreous lithium sulfide separator sheet and lithium electrode assemblies and battery cells
US12454478B2 (en) 2022-09-09 2025-10-28 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive glass preform
US12482827B2 (en) 2021-04-13 2025-11-25 Polyplus Battery Company Binary phosphorus nitride protective solid electrolyte intermediary structures for electrode assemblies

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5628472A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Lithium-iodine solid electrolyte battery
US4268587A (en) * 1977-10-11 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Solid state, ambient temperature electrochemical cell
US4288505A (en) * 1980-10-24 1981-09-08 Ray-O-Vac Corporation High energy density solid state cell
US4331750A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-05-25 Societe Anonyme Dite: Gipelec Alkaline cation conductive vitreous composition and a method of preparing such a composition
EP0068307A1 (de) * 1981-06-17 1983-01-05 Société Anonyme dite SAFT Elektrochemische Generatoren mit Festelektrolyten aus kationenleitenden glasartigen Verbindungen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663299A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-05-16 Gould Sonics Inc Solid state electric cell having stabilized resistance
US4118549A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-10-03 P.R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Solid state cell with conductive layer between electrode and electrolyte
JPS5516342A (en) * 1978-07-19 1980-02-05 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Manufacture of solid electrolyte cell
JPS55111074A (en) * 1979-02-21 1980-08-27 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Solid electrolytic battery
US4212930A (en) * 1979-03-15 1980-07-15 Medtronic, Inc. Lithium-halogen batteries
JPS5642961A (en) * 1979-09-18 1981-04-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Solid electrolyte battery

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4268587A (en) * 1977-10-11 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Solid state, ambient temperature electrochemical cell
JPS5628472A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Lithium-iodine solid electrolyte battery
US4331750A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-05-25 Societe Anonyme Dite: Gipelec Alkaline cation conductive vitreous composition and a method of preparing such a composition
US4288505A (en) * 1980-10-24 1981-09-08 Ray-O-Vac Corporation High energy density solid state cell
EP0068307A1 (de) * 1981-06-17 1983-01-05 Société Anonyme dite SAFT Elektrochemische Generatoren mit Festelektrolyten aus kationenleitenden glasartigen Verbindungen

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5006430A (en) * 1983-04-15 1991-04-09 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Electrochemical generators comprising a positive electrode and an electrolyte based on vitreous materials
US4585714A (en) * 1985-06-28 1986-04-29 Union Carbide Corporation Quaternary vitreous solid lithium cation conductive electrolyte
AU583111B2 (en) * 1985-06-28 1989-04-20 Eveready Battery Company Inc. Quaternary vitreous solid lithium cation conductive electrolyte
US4599284A (en) * 1985-10-01 1986-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Vitreous phosphorus oxide-sulfide solid lithium electrolyte
US10840546B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2020-11-17 Polyplus Battery Company Vitreous solid electrolyte sheets of Li ion conducting sulfur-based glass and associated structures, cells and methods
US10833361B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2020-11-10 Polyplus Battery Company Standalone sulfide based lithium ion-conducting glass solid electrolyte and associated structures, cells and methods
US10147968B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-12-04 Polyplus Battery Company Standalone sulfide based lithium ion-conducting glass solid electrolyte and associated structures, cells and methods
US10164289B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-12-25 Polyplus Battery Company Vitreous solid electrolyte sheets of Li ion conducting sulfur-based glass and associated structures, cells and methods
US10601071B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2020-03-24 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making and inspecting a web of vitreous lithium sulfide separator sheet and lithium electrode assemblies
US12294051B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2025-05-06 Polyplus Battery Company Making and inspecting a web of vitreous lithium sulfide separator sheet and lithium electrode assemblies and battery cells
US11646444B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2023-05-09 Polyplus Battery Company Vitreous solid electrolyte sheets of Li ion conducting sulfur-based glass and associated structures, cells and methods
US11749834B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2023-09-05 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making lithium ion conducting sulfide glass
US11646445B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2023-05-09 Polyplus Battery Company Standalone sulfide based lithium ion-conducting glass solid electrolyte and associated structures, cells and methods
US12294050B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2025-05-06 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium ion conducting sulfide glass fabrication
US12183880B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2024-12-31 Polyplus Battery Company Vitreous solid electrolyte sheets of Li ion conducting sulfur-based glass and associated structures, cells and methods
US11984553B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2024-05-14 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium ion conducting sulfide glass fabrication
WO2017042444A1 (fr) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-16 Asb Aerospatiale Batteries Cellule en alliage de lithium comprenant un electrolyte solide pour la fabrication de piles
FR3040823A1 (fr) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-10 Asb Aerospatiale Batteries Cellule en alliage de lithium comprenant un electrolyte solide pour la fabrication de piles
US10707536B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2020-07-07 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and methods of making
US11171364B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2021-11-09 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and methods of making
US10629950B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2020-04-21 Polyplus Battery Company Encapsulated sulfide glass solid electrolytes and solid-state laminate electrode assemblies
US10840547B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2020-11-17 Polyplus Battery Company Encapsulated sulfide glass solid electrolytes and solid-state laminate electrode assemblies
US11444270B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2022-09-13 Polyplus Battery Company Treating sulfide glass surfaces and making solid state laminate electrode assemblies
US11239495B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2022-02-01 Polyplus Battery Company Encapsulated sulfide glass solid electrolytes and solid-state laminate electrode assemblies
US11817569B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2023-11-14 Polyplus Battery Company Treating sulfide glass surfaces and making solid state laminate electrode assemblies
US10868293B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2020-12-15 Polyplus Battery Company Treating sulfide glass surfaces and making solid state laminate electrode assemblies
US10862171B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2020-12-08 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assembly fabrication and making thin extruded lithium metal foils
US11876174B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2024-01-16 Polyplus Battery Company Methods and materials for protection of sulfide glass solid electrolytes
US11631889B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2023-04-18 Polyplus Battery Company Methods and materials for protection of sulfide glass solid electrolytes
US12051824B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-07-30 Polyplus Battery Company Methods of making glass constructs
US12374717B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2025-07-29 Polyplus Battery Company Surface treatment of a sulfide glass solid electrolyte layer
US12237511B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2025-02-25 Polyplus Battery Company Glassy embedded solid-state electrode assemblies, solid-state batteries and methods of making electrode assemblies and solid-state batteries
US12021187B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-06-25 Polyplus Battery Company Surface treatment of a sulfide glass solid electrolyte layer
US12034116B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-07-09 Polyplus Battery Company Glass solid electrolyte layer, methods of making glass solid electrolyte layer and electrodes and battery cells thereof
US12021238B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-06-25 Polyplus Battery Company Glassy embedded solid-state electrode assemblies, solid-state batteries and methods of making electrode assemblies and solid-state batteries
US12482857B2 (en) 2020-08-04 2025-11-25 Polyplus Battery Company Glass solid electrolyte layer, methods of making glass solid electrolyte layer and electrodes and battery cells thereof
US12482827B2 (en) 2021-04-13 2025-11-25 Polyplus Battery Company Binary phosphorus nitride protective solid electrolyte intermediary structures for electrode assemblies
CN116845364A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2023-10-03 天津中能锂业有限公司 全固态金属锂电池的制备方法以及全固态金属锂电池
CN116845364B (zh) * 2022-03-24 2026-04-10 天津中能锂业有限公司 全固态金属锂电池的制备方法以及全固态金属锂电池
US12454478B2 (en) 2022-09-09 2025-10-28 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive glass preform

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL68393A (en) 1986-03-31
EP0093282B1 (de) 1986-08-06
ATE21303T1 (de) 1986-08-15
EP0093282A1 (de) 1983-11-09
JPS58189967A (ja) 1983-11-05
FR2525396B1 (de) 1984-05-25
IL68393A0 (en) 1983-07-31
DE3365083D1 (en) 1986-09-11
FR2525396A1 (fr) 1983-10-21

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