US5018982A - Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards - Google Patents

Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards Download PDF

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Publication number
US5018982A
US5018982A US07/558,038 US55803890A US5018982A US 5018982 A US5018982 A US 5018982A US 55803890 A US55803890 A US 55803890A US 5018982 A US5018982 A US 5018982A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
standoff
printed circuit
retainer
circuit boards
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/558,038
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Floyd G. Speraw
Jay A. Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NCR Voyix Corp
Original Assignee
NCR Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NCR Corp filed Critical NCR Corp
Priority to US07/558,038 priority Critical patent/US5018982A/en
Assigned to NCR CORPORATION reassignment NCR CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MEYER, JAY A., SPERAW, FLOYD G.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5018982A publication Critical patent/US5018982A/en
Priority to DE69101475T priority patent/DE69101475T2/de
Priority to EP91306218A priority patent/EP0468661B1/de
Priority to JP3205638A priority patent/JPH06132624A/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1417—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack having securing means for mounting boards, plates or wiring boards
    • H05K7/142—Spacers not being card guides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for electrically and mechanically interconnecting printed circuit boards and, more particularly, to a snap-on standoff for stacking printed circuit boards.
  • Printed circuit boards in electronic devices such as computer workstations and personal computers are often stacked together in a parallel arrangement to reduce cabinet and board size, to accommodate cabinet design, or as a result of modular design practices.
  • printed circuit boards are often added to existing logic circuits to provide additional features or improved functionality to the circuit. Examples of such additional printed circuit boards include drivers for color monitors, additional memory, communication boards and disk drive controllers.
  • nylon standoffs that snap onto the printed circuit boards have been utilized to stack boards. Although nylon standoffs greatly simplify assembly and disassembly of connected circuit boards, they cannot provide an electrical connection between stacked boards. Neither the metal nor nylon standoffs currently in use allow additional printed circuit boards to be simply and inexpensively attached to existing boards or stacks not designed to permit attachment of additional boards.
  • a standoff and retainer for use in electrically and mechanically connecting printed circuit boards together in a parallel spaced type arrangement.
  • the standoff is formed of an electrically conductive material in the shape of a sleeve.
  • An end wall having a hole therein is provided at one end of the sleeve.
  • the retainer is similarly formed in the shape of a sleeve having an external diameter less than the internal diameter of the standoff sleeve and having a length less than the length of the standoff sleeve.
  • a male connector is provided at one end of the sleeve which forms the body of the retainer. The retainer is secured within the standoff by advancing the connector end of the retainer into the open end of the standoff until the connector engages with and protrudes from the hole in the end wall of the standoff. The portion of the connector protruding from the end of the standoff is utilized to attach the standoff to a mounting hole formed in a printed circuit board.
  • this board car be easily stacked onto another board.
  • the stack is securely fastened together by the use of mounting screws placed through the mounting holes in the top board, through the standoffs and through corresponding mounting holes in the lower board.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a stack of printed circuit boards electrically and mechanically connected together in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the support shown in FIG. 1 for connecting together multiple printed circuit boards.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view, shown partially cut away, of the retainer shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view, shown partially cut away, of the standoff shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a vertical sectional view through a stack of three parallel spaced printed circuit boards 11, 12 and 13 electrically and mechanically connected together in accordance with the present invention.
  • Each board contains a plated-through hole 14 which is coaxially aligned with the holes in the other two boards.
  • Each standoff 40 is secured to a printed circuit board through the use of a nylon or plastic retainer 30.
  • the construction of retainers 30 and standoff 40 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
  • Circuit boards 11, 12 and 13, metallic standoff 40 and retainers 30 are secured together and mounted to cabinet base 15 by a screw 19 which traverses the column formed by the stacked standoff.
  • the cabinet base includes supports 17, each support having a threaded insert 18 for receiving screw 19.
  • a screw cap 20 is disposed between the head of screw 19 and printed circuit board 11 to protect the portion of the topmost retainer which protrudes through hole 14 in board 11 and to firmly clamp board 11 to the stack.
  • FIG. 1 The assembly of FIG. 1 is shown disassembled in FIG. 2 to provide a better understanding of the alignment of the holes in the circuit boards, standoff, retainers and cabinet base.
  • the standoffs 40 and retainers 30 are not shown separated, however.
  • Retainer 30 is shown in side view, partially cut away, in FIG. 3.
  • the body 31 of the retainer is formed from polycarbonate material in the shape of a sleeve having an inner diameter large enough to accommodate screw 19 and having, throughout most of its length, an outer diameter greater than the diameter of holes 14.
  • One end of the retainer has a reduced outer diameter to form a male connector 33 for engagement with holes 14.
  • a shoulder 34 is formed where the male connector is joined to the main body of the retainer.
  • the male connector terminates in an enlarged portion 35 having a chamfered edge 37.
  • Two cuts 39 extend from the male end of the retainer into the main body of the retainer, dividing the male connector into two identical halves. The cuts 39 permit inward deflection of the two halves during insertion or removal of the retainer from holes 14.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view, shown partially cut away, of standoff 40.
  • the body 41 of the standoff is formed from aluminum or another electrically conductive material in the shape of a sleeve partially closed at one end 43.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than the outer diameter of retainer 30.
  • End 43 contains a hole 45 having a diameter equal to the diameter of holes 14.
  • a chamfered surface 47 provides a transition from the internal surface of the sleeve to hole 45.
  • Retainer 30 is secured inside standoff 40 by inserting the male end of the retainer into end 49 of the standoff until the male connector engages with hole 45.
  • the male connector has a length sufficient to engage with both hole 45 and one of holes 14. Chamfered surfaces 37 and 47 facilitate engagement of retainer 30 in standoff 40.
  • printed circuit boards 11, 12 and 13 are stacked and secured together by engaging the male connectors protruding from the retainer/standoff assemblies into holes 14 so that the standoffs are held against the bottom surfaces of boards 11 and 12.
  • the boards are then stacked so that the corresponding holes in boards 11, 12 and 13, the retainer/standoff assemblies and threaded support 17 are aligned coaxially.
  • Screw 19 is inserted from the top of the stack through the boards and retainer/standoff assemblies into support 17.
  • the length of the retainer between shoulder 34 and end 38 is less than the length of the standoff between the chamfered surface 47 and end 49. This difference in length permits the placement of the upper retainer/standoff assembly over the end portion of the male connector which extends above board 12. Screw cap 20 protects the end portion of the male connector which extends above board 11.
  • the standoffs disposed between the boards provide an electrical connection between the boards.
  • the connecting and spacing means are simply and inexpensively constructed and permit easy separation of the boards.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 three circuit boards are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • any number of boards which can be accommodated by the surrounding cabinetry can be stacked together utilizing the standoffs and retainers shown and described.
  • the length of screw 19 will need to be varied in proportion with the height of the stack.
  • the dimensions, number and shapes of the retainers and standoffs utilized to connect boards together may be varied to accommodate different size boards and board components.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Combinations Of Printed Boards (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Printed Circuit Boards And The Like (AREA)
US07/558,038 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards Expired - Fee Related US5018982A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/558,038 US5018982A (en) 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards
DE69101475T DE69101475T2 (de) 1990-07-25 1991-07-09 Vorrichtung zur mechanischen und elektrischen Verbindung von gedruckten Leiterplatten.
EP91306218A EP0468661B1 (de) 1990-07-25 1991-07-09 Vorrichtung zur mechanischen und elektrischen Verbindung von gedruckten Leiterplatten
JP3205638A JPH06132624A (ja) 1990-07-25 1991-07-23 プリント回路ボード積層用アダプタ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/558,038 US5018982A (en) 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5018982A true US5018982A (en) 1991-05-28

Family

ID=24227929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/558,038 Expired - Fee Related US5018982A (en) 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 Adapter for stacking printed circuit boards

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5018982A (de)
EP (1) EP0468661B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06132624A (de)
DE (1) DE69101475T2 (de)

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993020673A1 (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-10-14 Janiak Holdings Pty. Ltd. Circuit board connections
US5310351A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-10 Mcadow Theodore Relay support circuit board unit
EP0602527A3 (de) * 1992-12-17 1995-07-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Abstandshalterungen.
US5618129A (en) * 1995-03-13 1997-04-08 Paragon Electric Company, Inc. Snap-engaging mounting plate
US5963432A (en) * 1997-02-14 1999-10-05 Datex-Ohmeda, Inc. Standoff with keyhole mount for stacking printed circuit boards
US6333855B2 (en) * 1998-05-25 2001-12-25 Alarmcom Elpro Sa Device for the spaced mounting of a printed circuit board on an electrically conducting carrier
US6726505B2 (en) 2000-07-20 2004-04-27 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Memory daughter card apparatus, configurations, and methods
US6754085B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-06-22 Adc Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Mounting circuit boards in housings
US20040209494A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2004-10-21 Lear Corporation Electric power distribution box comprising a system of compacting the integral elements thereof
US6901646B2 (en) * 2002-01-16 2005-06-07 Avaya Technology Corp. Universal snap-fit spacer
US20050215107A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-09-29 Castello Brian P Guide receptacle with tandem mounting features
WO2006090013A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-08-31 Elcoteq Se Interlocking means
US20070149111A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 The Directv Group, Inc. Modular receiving unit
US7264501B1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2007-09-04 Inventec Corporation Fixing mechanism
US20080019111A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Ruggedcom Inc. Anchoring member to facilitate fastening daughter boards to a mother board and a method for use
US20090103273A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-23 Brian Patrick Costello Guide receptacle for tandem circuit board mating
US20090126382A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2009-05-21 Carrier Corporation Electronic Indoor Air Quality Board For Air Conditoner Controller
US20090175015A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Fujitsu Limited Printed board unit and fixing parts thereof
US20090316377A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2009-12-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Mounting arrangement for fixing printed circuit boards disposed one above the other in a housing
US7692933B1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2010-04-06 Touchsensor Technologies, Llc Apparatus and methods for interconnecting electrical circuit substrates and components
EP1492201A3 (de) * 2003-06-23 2011-01-05 Rexroth Indramat GmbH Verbindungsstift für die Verbindung zweier Platinen
US20120006319A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2012-01-12 ZYRUS Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH & Co., Patente I KG Solar collector and method for manufacturing such a solar collector
US20120014075A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Fih (Hong Kong) Limited Fastening structure for portable electronic device
US20120257365A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-10-11 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for securing at least one circuit board to a receiving element
US20130143079A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Golden Crown New Energy (Hk) Limited Battery system with heat-dissipation improvement and connecting circuit arrangement
US20140013563A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2014-01-16 George David RICHARDSON Push on system for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US8665596B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2014-03-04 Pg Drives Technology Limited Power switching circuitry
WO2014206929A1 (de) * 2013-06-24 2014-12-31 Edgar Roberto Solis Perez Verbindungselement und steckverbindung mit verbindungselementen
US20150144376A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-28 Fujitsu Limited Electronic device and spacing tube
EP2881714A1 (de) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-10 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Steuerflächenschräglagenermittlungssysteme
DE102014007141A1 (de) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Kathrein-Werke Kg Schraubverbindung
GB2540783A (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-01 Sevcon Ltd Power electronics assembly
US20170125921A1 (en) * 2014-06-16 2017-05-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Terminal connection structure
US9814128B1 (en) 2017-03-10 2017-11-07 Crestron Electronics, Inc. Multiple board standoff
US20170367206A1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Delta Electronics, Inc. Electronic device
US10185374B2 (en) 2015-01-30 2019-01-22 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Storage drive riser
US10292267B2 (en) * 2016-11-29 2019-05-14 Fujitsu Limited Joining part and board unit
CN112449538A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-05 高准有限公司 用于电子产品的灌封工艺的电路板支撑组件和电子产品
EP3840556A4 (de) * 2018-08-13 2021-10-13 ZTE Corporation Wärmeableitungsstruktur und elektronische vorrichtung
US20210384657A1 (en) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-09 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Circuit card assembly stack with stand-offs
CN115087244A (zh) * 2022-07-13 2022-09-20 无锡锐格思信息技术有限公司 一种多块电路板层叠装配的方法和结构
US20230014313A1 (en) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Display apparatus
US20240090115A1 (en) * 2022-09-13 2024-03-14 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Circuit mounting assemblies
US20240408922A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2024-12-12 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc Tire electronics assembly
US12432855B2 (en) 2023-03-07 2025-09-30 SanDisk Technologies, Inc. Multiple circuit board assembly including a support element and method of manufacture thereof

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US6280202B1 (en) * 1999-09-01 2001-08-28 Thomas & Betts International, Inc. Board-to-board alignment and securement device
DE202012101791U1 (de) 2012-05-15 2013-08-20 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Abstandshalter für Leiterplatten
KR102324528B1 (ko) * 2015-03-16 2021-11-11 주식회사 케이엠더블유 이동통신 기지국의 안테나 장치 내의 신호 분배/결합 장치
DE102019103004B4 (de) * 2019-02-07 2020-10-01 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und System zu einer Anbindung einer Stromzuführung an leistungselektronische Leiterplatten
JP7427221B2 (ja) * 2019-12-26 2024-02-05 北川工業株式会社 スペーサ押さえ治具

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US4498120A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-02-05 Kaufman Lance R Electrical sub-assembly having a lead frame to be compressed between a circuit board and heat sink
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US3179913A (en) * 1962-01-25 1965-04-20 Ind Electronic Hardware Corp Rack with multilayer matrix boards
US3212049A (en) * 1963-04-30 1965-10-12 Ind Electronic Hardware Corp Multilayer circuitry with placed bushings
US3408452A (en) * 1965-10-01 1968-10-29 Elco Corp Electrical interconnector formed of interconnected stacked matrices
US3568001A (en) * 1969-04-08 1971-03-02 Sam Straus Snap-on board mating contact system
US3596138A (en) * 1969-08-25 1971-07-27 Tek Wave Inc Interboard feed-thru for joining printed and integrated circuits
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Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993020673A1 (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-10-14 Janiak Holdings Pty. Ltd. Circuit board connections
US5310351A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-10 Mcadow Theodore Relay support circuit board unit
EP0602527A3 (de) * 1992-12-17 1995-07-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Abstandshalterungen.
US5618129A (en) * 1995-03-13 1997-04-08 Paragon Electric Company, Inc. Snap-engaging mounting plate
US5963432A (en) * 1997-02-14 1999-10-05 Datex-Ohmeda, Inc. Standoff with keyhole mount for stacking printed circuit boards
US6333855B2 (en) * 1998-05-25 2001-12-25 Alarmcom Elpro Sa Device for the spaced mounting of a printed circuit board on an electrically conducting carrier
US6726505B2 (en) 2000-07-20 2004-04-27 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Memory daughter card apparatus, configurations, and methods
US6754085B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-06-22 Adc Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Mounting circuit boards in housings
US6955544B2 (en) * 2001-12-31 2005-10-18 Lear Corporation Electric power distribution box comprising a system of compacting the integral elements thereof
US20040209494A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2004-10-21 Lear Corporation Electric power distribution box comprising a system of compacting the integral elements thereof
US6901646B2 (en) * 2002-01-16 2005-06-07 Avaya Technology Corp. Universal snap-fit spacer
EP1492201A3 (de) * 2003-06-23 2011-01-05 Rexroth Indramat GmbH Verbindungsstift für die Verbindung zweier Platinen
US6997736B2 (en) * 2004-03-26 2006-02-14 Tyco Electronics Corporation Guide receptacle with tandem mounting features
US20050215107A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-09-29 Castello Brian P Guide receptacle with tandem mounting features
WO2006090013A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-08-31 Elcoteq Se Interlocking means
US20070149111A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 The Directv Group, Inc. Modular receiving unit
US8750785B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2014-06-10 The Directv Group, Inc. Modular receiving unit
US20090126382A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2009-05-21 Carrier Corporation Electronic Indoor Air Quality Board For Air Conditoner Controller
US20080019111A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Ruggedcom Inc. Anchoring member to facilitate fastening daughter boards to a mother board and a method for use
US7352593B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-04-01 Ruggedcom Inc. Anchoring member to facilitate fastening daughter boards to a mother board and a method for use
EP2044818A4 (de) * 2006-07-20 2010-06-30 Ruggedcom Inc Verankerungsglied zur ermöglichung der befestigung von tochter-leiterplatten an ein motherboard
US7264501B1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2007-09-04 Inventec Corporation Fixing mechanism
US20090316377A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2009-12-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Mounting arrangement for fixing printed circuit boards disposed one above the other in a housing
DE102007001407B4 (de) * 2007-01-09 2016-02-25 Continental Automotive Gmbh Montageanordnung zur Fixierung übereinander angeordneter Leiterplatten in einem Gehäuse
US8027164B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2011-09-27 Continental Automotive Gmbh Mounting arrangement for fixing printed circuit boards disposed one above the other in a housing
US7692933B1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2010-04-06 Touchsensor Technologies, Llc Apparatus and methods for interconnecting electrical circuit substrates and components
US7907419B2 (en) 2007-10-17 2011-03-15 Tyco Electronics Corporation Guide receptacle for tandem circuit board mating
US20090103273A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-23 Brian Patrick Costello Guide receptacle for tandem circuit board mating
US20090175015A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Fujitsu Limited Printed board unit and fixing parts thereof
US8189347B2 (en) * 2008-01-08 2012-05-29 Fujitsu Limited Printed board unit and fixing parts thereof
US20120006319A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2012-01-12 ZYRUS Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH & Co., Patente I KG Solar collector and method for manufacturing such a solar collector
US9057541B2 (en) * 2009-04-24 2015-06-16 Fath Gmbh Solar collector and method for manufacturing such a solar collector
US20120257365A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-10-11 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for securing at least one circuit board to a receiving element
US20140013563A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2014-01-16 George David RICHARDSON Push on system for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US10022825B2 (en) * 2010-07-06 2018-07-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures
US8345446B2 (en) * 2010-07-16 2013-01-01 Shenzhen Futaihong Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Fastening structure for portable electronic device
US20120014075A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Fih (Hong Kong) Limited Fastening structure for portable electronic device
US8665596B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2014-03-04 Pg Drives Technology Limited Power switching circuitry
US20130143079A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Golden Crown New Energy (Hk) Limited Battery system with heat-dissipation improvement and connecting circuit arrangement
WO2014206929A1 (de) * 2013-06-24 2014-12-31 Edgar Roberto Solis Perez Verbindungselement und steckverbindung mit verbindungselementen
US9705213B2 (en) * 2013-11-28 2017-07-11 Fujitsu Limited Electronic device and spacing tube
US20150144376A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-28 Fujitsu Limited Electronic device and spacing tube
EP2881714A1 (de) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-10 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Steuerflächenschräglagenermittlungssysteme
US9797702B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-24 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Control surface skew detection systems
CN106463819A (zh) * 2014-05-15 2017-02-22 凯瑟雷恩工厂两合公司 无线电天线
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0468661A2 (de) 1992-01-29
DE69101475D1 (de) 1994-04-28
EP0468661B1 (de) 1994-03-23
JPH06132624A (ja) 1994-05-13
EP0468661A3 (en) 1992-04-22
DE69101475T2 (de) 1994-11-10

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