US5126076A - Low-flammability structural elements, particularly boards, and process for constructing them - Google Patents

Low-flammability structural elements, particularly boards, and process for constructing them Download PDF

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Publication number
US5126076A
US5126076A US07/635,175 US63517591A US5126076A US 5126076 A US5126076 A US 5126076A US 63517591 A US63517591 A US 63517591A US 5126076 A US5126076 A US 5126076A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
flammability
structural element
component
low
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/635,175
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Graf
Dieter Annemaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHEMISCHE FABRIK GRUENAU A CORP OF FED REP OF GERMANY
Gruenau Illertissen GmbH
Original Assignee
Chemische Fabrik Gruenau AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Gruenau AG filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Gruenau AG
Assigned to CHEMISCHE FABRIK GRUENAU, A CORP. OF FED. REP. OF GERMANY reassignment CHEMISCHE FABRIK GRUENAU, A CORP. OF FED. REP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANNEMAIER, DIETER, GRAF, ROBERT
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Publication of US5126076A publication Critical patent/US5126076A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/06—Organic materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/09—Structure including reclaimed component, e.g. trash
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to low-flammability structural elements, particularly boards, and to a process for constructing them.
  • German Patent 34 16 473 describes a process for constructing mouldings from fibrous waste products and adhesive.
  • the parts thus constructed are, in terms of mechanical and insulating properties, comparable with lightweight construction and insulating boards made from foamed plastics and have the advantage of relieving environmental pollution. However, in terms of fire protection, they are clearly inferior.
  • the object of the invention is to provide structural elements which have the desired mechanical properties and moreover, still have low-flammability, by employing waste materials.
  • low-flammable structural elements particularly boards, made from a compressed mixture of 5 to 50 wt-% of inherently-combustible organic waste material, 75 to 20 wt-% of non-combustible inorganic additives, 4 to 40 wt-% of a flame-proofing agent mixture, and 3 to 25 wt-% at least one hardened adhesive serving to bind the components together.
  • compared with numerous commercially available boards, mouldings or facing materials they not only relieve environmental pollution, but also have technical advantages.
  • the individual components, at least the plastics waste material and at least some of the inorganic additives, are preferably present in the structural elements in a heterogeneous mix, particularly in a coarse heterogeneous mix.
  • the waste material is present in the structural element preferably in the form of particles or pieces, preferably from 1 to 20 mm in size, particularly 2 to 15 mm. Planar pieces having a thickness of 0.01 to 4 mm, particularly 0.5 to 2 mm, are particularly advantageous.
  • the heterogeneous structure of the structural element has the effect that the individual pieces of the waste material can be arranged spatially separated from each other in the structural element, with non-combustible additives and/or flame-proofing agent lying interspersed between the pieces of the waste material. Consequently, if the structural elements come into contact with fire, although individual pieces of the waste material on the surface may indeed burn off, nevertheless the fire is unable to progress because of the adjacent inert filler or the fire-proofing agents.
  • the waste materials are advantageously present in the form of small pieces of non-woven fabrics, fibre balls, film chips and/or small pieces of foam.
  • the invention is of particular importance for the reutilization of polyester fibres, which are generated in large quantities as waste products especially in the form of irregularly-sized planar pieces of non-woven fabrics and pose a considerable disposal problem.
  • plastics fibres but also waste from natural fibres can be utilized, which preferably is likewise present, not in the form of individual fibres, but in the form of small pieces or particles.
  • cellulose in the form of paper chips can be present, and cotton in the form of fabric pieces or fibre balls.
  • Other plastics waste which may be present in the form of fibres, film pieces or in other lumpy form, are utilizable.
  • waste materials may also consist of polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, nylon, polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • the waste material does not necessarily have to consist of genuine waste.
  • chip boards which were originally constructed from waste chips, the inherently-combustible organic material can be specifically produced and prepared for use in the structural elements according to the invention.
  • the flame-proofing agent mixture is advantageously free of aliphatic and aromatic halogen compounds and, particularly, also free of antimony salts and other heavy metal compounds, so that in the case of fire no harmful substances are released, as is the case with these standard fire-proofing agents.
  • the entire structural element is free of such substances.
  • the structural element is advantageously constructed rigidly and has a high degree of strength. Its strength is especially great when the waste materials are present as fibres.
  • the structural element is mechanically workable and can, for example, be sawed, nailed, drilled and glued. Because of its heterogeneous and relatively coarsely-grained basic structure, the structural element is air-permeable and in addition has a low thermal conductivity.
  • the basic primary particles themselves are air-permeable, examples including the non-woven particles or fibre balls.
  • the surface of the structural element can be so designed that the individual components can be clearly distinguished, particularly so that the waste pieces and the inorganic additives are clearly recognizable and can be distinguished from each other.
  • the overall density of the structural elements depends on the density of the individual components and on the degree of compression applied to the mixture. Generally, the density lies between 300 and 1000 kg/m 3 , particularly between 350 and 800 kg/m 3 . Densities in the range between 450 and 650 kg/m 3 have proved particularly successful in practice.
  • the overall compressive strength of the structural elements is preferably at least 2 N/mm 2 , particularly at least 3 N/mm 3 . These are average values, as the heterogeneity, i.e., the distance between the particles, is normally in the range between 1 mm 2 and 100 mm 2 .
  • the adhesive employed in the structural elements is at least partly a two-component adhesive or thermoset plastic.
  • a hot-melt adhesive can also be used.
  • the adhesive is preferably evenly distributed throughout the structural element in order to uniformly strengthen the different components.
  • the adhesive can also be an elastomeric adhesive, which, if desired, gives the structural element elastic properties, for example if a certain flexibility or elastic "give" is desired.
  • the inorganic fillers employed in the structural elements are preferably inert in terms of heat stability and/or chemical activity. They serve, on the one hand, to separate the combustible waste materials spatially from one another. On the other hand, they can also be used to adjust strength values, density and other mechanical properties. For most purposes, a combined use is preferred.
  • the inorganic fillers are preferably partly, particularly at least preponderantly, present in the form of inorganic fibres.
  • the fibre length is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 20 mm, but the fibres can also be considerably longer if the fibres are wound into fibre balls whose size is commensurate with that of the waste material particles.
  • Such fibrous additives are especially advantageous where the waste material themselves do not provide sufficient strength to the structural element.
  • fillers in the form of lightweight materials are especially advantageous where a structural element of low-density is desired.
  • Such lightweight fillers are particularly of mineral origin.
  • Examples of such lightweight fillers include hollow glass spheres, hollow alumino silicate spheres, swelling clay, expanded vermiculite or perlite as well as gas (lightweight) concrete.
  • the particle size of these lightweight fillers is normally in the range between 0.01 and 2 mm.
  • the inorganic fibre materials can be glass fibre, mineral fibre, slag wool and ceramic fibre.
  • the fibrous fillers are present in greater quantities than non-fibrous fillers. In such case, the weight ratio of fibrous fillers to non-fibrous fillers is normally from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1, preferably approximately 3 : 1.
  • the flame-proofing agent mixture preferably works ablatively (energy--and/or material consuming) in two ways, and for this purpose contains preferably on the one hand carbonizing components, and on the other hand gas-emitting components.
  • the carbonizing components serve to quickly lead to carbonization of the combustible components. No additional carbon donors for the carbonizing components need be provided, because in the case of fire, all carbonization is intended to take place at the combustible waste materials.
  • the formation of carbon is desirable since it deprives one combustion process of carbon, at least initially.
  • the flame-proofing agent mixture preferably also contains gas-emitting components which are not non-combustible gases or vapors.
  • the carbonizing components and/or the gas-emitting components are advantageously water-insoluble or at least water-resistant, so that they are still effective even after being thoroughly soaked many times.
  • the flame-proofing agent mixture may contain additives which have a vitrifying effect, such as borates. It is of particular advantage if the whole structural element is composed of water-resistant materials, so that it is not damaged or destroyed by the action of moisture or water.
  • the flame-proofing agent mixture preferably contains at least one phosphate, particularly a condensed phosphate.
  • a condensed phosphate An advantageous example of this is ammonium polyphosphate.
  • the carbonizing effect of the phosphates develops even at temperatures as low as from approximately 200° C., i.e. even before flames can reach the corresponding sites.
  • hydroxides are suitable, such as aluminum hydroxide and, magnesium hydroxide, which split off water, and carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, which split off carbon dioxide.
  • Basic carbonates can be used to split off water as well as CO 2 .
  • a combination of components which begin to release gas at different temperatures is preferred.
  • aluminum hydroxide begins to split off water at approximately 200° C.
  • magnesium hydroxide begins to release water at approximately 350° C., so that the gas-emitting proceeds over a fairly large range of temperatures.
  • the process for constructing the structural elements according to the invention consists in gently mixing the individual mixture components with one another and compressing the resultant mixture to the desired density, the compression being maintained until the adhesive has hardened to a satisfactory degree. If hot-melt adhesives are used or thermoset adhesives which bond only at higher temperatures, then the compression is carried out at increased temperature, but still below the temperature at which the carbonizing components begin to act. Therefore, the compression temperature is normally maintained at a maximum of approximately 200° C.
  • the mixing of the individual components is carried out in the afore-mentioned proportions.
  • Combustible materials are preferably used in a quantity from 10 to 40 wt-%.
  • the preferred quantity is 70 to 25 wt-%.
  • the quantity of the flame-proofing agent is preferably in the range of 7.5 to 30 wt-%.
  • the preferred range of the binders or adhesives is 5 to 15 wt-%.
  • the waste parts are preferably added in the form of small pieces, mixing being carried out gently so that the waste parts are not significantly further reduced.
  • the same likewise applies to the inorganic fibres or fibre structures.
  • the adhesive can, if desired, be added in liquid or dissolved form.
  • the inorganic fillers particularly the lightweight fillers, can be added in the size in which they are normally commercially available.
  • the inorganic fibres can be reduced to a length of from 1 to 2 cm, or, if they are available in longer form, they can be utilized after being wound into balls.
  • the fibre balls which are added are preferably maintained in their ball form by careful mixing.
  • the adhesive in contrast, is preferably added as finely dispersed as possible in order to distribute it evenly throughout the mixture.
  • the adhesive is preferably added in powder form. It is also possible to add, e.g. spray in, adhesive components in liquid form.
  • Suitable adhesives include epoxy resins, formaldehyde condensates and other thermoset adhesives, as well as the usual hot-melt adhesives.
  • 15 wt-% of a chopped polyester non-woven fleece were placed in a ploughshare mixer.
  • 15 wt-% of a binder/flame-proofing agent mixture consisting of 30 wt-% urea formaldehyde resin, 18 wt-% ammoniumpolyphosphate, 20 wt-% dimelamine diphosphate, 10 wt-% magnesium hydroxide powder, as well as 22 wt-% water and auxiliaries, accompanied by mixing.
  • 15 wt-% glass microspheres as well as 49 wt-% mineral fibres and 6 wt-% of a phenolic resin were added and intensively mixed.
  • the mixture was then compressed in a press at 200° to 220° C. for 5 minutes to produce a board having a density of 600 kg/m 2 .
  • a fire-shaft test in accordance with DIN 4102, Part 1 was carried out on such boards, an average residual length of more than 15 cm and a maximum flue-gas temperature of 155° C. was measured.
  • 32.0 wt-% paper chips was intensively mixed in a ploughshare mixer with 30.0 wt-% glass fibres, 12.5 wt-% perlite as well as 25.5 wt-% of a binder/flame-proofing agent mixture consisting of 23.5 wt-% melamine formaldehyde resin, 11.8 wt-% phenolic resin, 27.5 wt-% ammonium polyphosphate, 25.1 wt-% aluminum hydroxide and 12.1 wt-% magnesium hydroxide.
  • the resultant mixture was then compressed in a press at 200° C. for 5 minutes to produce a board having a density of 600 kg/m 3 .
  • a fire-shaft test in accordance with DIN 4102, Part 1 was carried out on such boards, an average residual length of more than 15 cm and a maximum flue-gas temperature of 140° C. was measured.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
US07/635,175 1988-07-16 1989-07-07 Low-flammability structural elements, particularly boards, and process for constructing them Expired - Fee Related US5126076A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3824149A DE3824149A1 (de) 1988-07-16 1988-07-16 Schwerentflammbare bauelemente, insbesondere platten, und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE3824149 1988-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5126076A true US5126076A (en) 1992-06-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/635,175 Expired - Fee Related US5126076A (en) 1988-07-16 1989-07-07 Low-flammability structural elements, particularly boards, and process for constructing them

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5126076A (fr)
EP (2) EP0430957A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3824149A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990000576A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5542968A (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-06 Laroche Industries, Inc. Enthalphy Wheel
US5660048A (en) * 1996-02-16 1997-08-26 Laroche Industries, Inc. Air conditioning system for cooling warm moisture-laden air
US5758508A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-06-02 Larouche Industries Inc. Method and apparatus for cooling warm moisture-laden air
US5767178A (en) * 1993-10-28 1998-06-16 Pyrotite Corporation Water and fire resistant materials and methods for making the same
US5860284A (en) * 1996-07-19 1999-01-19 Novel Aire Technologies, L.L.C. Thermally regenerated desiccant air conditioner with indirect evaporative cooler
US6149971A (en) * 1994-04-14 2000-11-21 Eurocompositi S.R.L. Fireproof panel and method for its manufacture
US6379454B1 (en) * 1996-12-16 2002-04-30 John Fellert Finishing mortar for sound-absorbing coating of inner walls, ceilings and the like in buildings
US6518333B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2003-02-11 J.M. Huber Corporation Fire retardant ligno-cellulosic composite materials and a method for making the same
US20070246240A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2007-10-25 Ceram Polymerik Pty Ltd. Ceramifying Composition for Fire Protection
CN1962296B (zh) * 2005-11-08 2010-05-26 许布奈有限公司 在两个相互铰接的车辆之间的带一交接地板的交接区
WO2017100174A1 (fr) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédés de fabrication de composites à matrice métallique comprenant des particules inorganiques et des fibres discontinues

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4010714A1 (de) * 1990-04-03 1991-10-10 Bernd Wahl Kunststoffverbundplatte
DE9115773U1 (de) * 1991-12-19 1992-03-05 Thermozell Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Ges.M.B.H., Glanegg Verbundfolie
DE9115772U1 (de) * 1991-12-19 1992-03-05 Thermozell Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Ges.M.B.H., Glanegg Folienelement
DE69318562T2 (de) * 1993-12-15 1998-09-10 Marina S P A Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isolierplatten aus Vliesstoffabfällen
WO2000069988A1 (fr) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-23 Prokop Vojtech Materiau calorifuge et insonorisant incombustible obtenu a partir de matieres dechets

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837989A (en) * 1970-03-02 1974-09-24 Coy W Mc Panel structure having an intermediate filler of random oriented,resin rigidified particles of cellulosic material
US3957501A (en) * 1971-10-02 1976-05-18 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Non-combustible light-weight inorganic shaped articles and process of manufacture
FR2307930A1 (fr) * 1975-04-16 1976-11-12 Kserho Francois Marie Materiau pour la construction et la decoration
US4189619A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-02-19 Watson J Fire protective mastic and fire stop
US4994113A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-02-19 Core-Guard Industries, Inc. Mixture for the preparation of building materials

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DE2206829A1 (de) * 1972-02-14 1973-08-23 Rhenodur Kuststoff Und Spanpla Verfahren zur herstellung von pressplatten
DE2457848A1 (de) * 1974-12-06 1976-06-10 Klaus Lesti Presstoffkoerper
DE2539195A1 (de) * 1975-09-03 1977-03-24 Paturle Sa Ets Konstruktionsmaterial sowie verfahren und vorrichtun zu seiner herstellung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner weiterverarbeitung
JPS59207966A (ja) * 1983-05-13 1984-11-26 Mikuni Seisakusho:Kk 合成繊維屑を利用した複合材組成物
EP0162974B1 (fr) * 1983-11-05 1989-05-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de produits en coupeaux de bois
DE3416473A1 (de) * 1984-05-04 1986-02-13 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zum herstellen von formteilen durch verpressen von faserigem material unter gleichzeitiger verklebung
DE3438388A1 (de) * 1984-10-19 1986-04-24 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Leichtbauplatten auf basis von mineralischen fasern und thermoplastischen bindemitteln
DE3534706A1 (de) * 1985-09-28 1987-04-02 Kramer Gmbh & Co Kg Hans Nichtbrennbare oder schwerentflammbare leichtmasse
DE3540524A1 (de) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-27 Bayer Ag Fuellstoffhaltige intumeszenzmassen auf epoxidharzbasis
DE3620321A1 (de) * 1986-06-18 1987-12-23 Remaplan Gmbh Werkstoff aus kunststoff
DE3728397A1 (de) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-09 Bayer Ag Brandhemmendes material mit geringem raumgewicht, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und es enthaltende verschlussmassen und konstruktionselemente

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837989A (en) * 1970-03-02 1974-09-24 Coy W Mc Panel structure having an intermediate filler of random oriented,resin rigidified particles of cellulosic material
US3957501A (en) * 1971-10-02 1976-05-18 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Non-combustible light-weight inorganic shaped articles and process of manufacture
FR2307930A1 (fr) * 1975-04-16 1976-11-12 Kserho Francois Marie Materiau pour la construction et la decoration
US4189619A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-02-19 Watson J Fire protective mastic and fire stop
US4994113A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-02-19 Core-Guard Industries, Inc. Mixture for the preparation of building materials

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5767178A (en) * 1993-10-28 1998-06-16 Pyrotite Corporation Water and fire resistant materials and methods for making the same
US6149971A (en) * 1994-04-14 2000-11-21 Eurocompositi S.R.L. Fireproof panel and method for its manufacture
US5542968A (en) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-06 Laroche Industries, Inc. Enthalphy Wheel
US5758508A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-06-02 Larouche Industries Inc. Method and apparatus for cooling warm moisture-laden air
US5660048A (en) * 1996-02-16 1997-08-26 Laroche Industries, Inc. Air conditioning system for cooling warm moisture-laden air
US5890372A (en) * 1996-02-16 1999-04-06 Novelaire Technologies, L.L.C. Air conditioning system for cooling warm moisture-laden air
US5860284A (en) * 1996-07-19 1999-01-19 Novel Aire Technologies, L.L.C. Thermally regenerated desiccant air conditioner with indirect evaporative cooler
US6379454B1 (en) * 1996-12-16 2002-04-30 John Fellert Finishing mortar for sound-absorbing coating of inner walls, ceilings and the like in buildings
US6518333B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2003-02-11 J.M. Huber Corporation Fire retardant ligno-cellulosic composite materials and a method for making the same
US20070246240A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2007-10-25 Ceram Polymerik Pty Ltd. Ceramifying Composition for Fire Protection
KR101249525B1 (ko) * 2004-03-31 2013-04-01 올렉스 오스트레일리아 피티와이 리미티드 방화용 세라믹화 조성물
US8409479B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2013-04-02 Olex Australia Pty Ltd Ceramifying composition for fire protection
CN1962296B (zh) * 2005-11-08 2010-05-26 许布奈有限公司 在两个相互铰接的车辆之间的带一交接地板的交接区
WO2017100174A1 (fr) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédés de fabrication de composites à matrice métallique comprenant des particules inorganiques et des fibres discontinues

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3824149A1 (de) 1990-01-18
EP0430957A1 (fr) 1991-06-12
EP0351670B1 (fr) 1993-01-07
EP0351670A3 (en) 1990-03-21
DE58903213D1 (de) 1993-02-18
EP0351670A2 (fr) 1990-01-24
WO1990000576A1 (fr) 1990-01-25

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