Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/04—Portland cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
  • C04B20/1051—Organo-metallic compounds; Organo-silicon compounds, e.g. bentone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
  • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
  • C04B20/1077—Cements, e.g. waterglass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
  • C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
  • C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
  • Y10S210/901—Specified land fill feature, e.g. prevention of ground water fouling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for fixing toxic or nontoxic waste material by allowing the waste material to absorb on an organic absorbent and mixing the waste material-containing absorbent thus obtained with a hydraulic binder and a hardening activator to form a hard material.
• organic waste is allowed to absorb into a modified variety of clay and the product obtained is mixed with Portland cement and fly ash to form a hard end product which has the characteristics of hardened concrete.
• clay can be broken down during the cementation because the aluminum components of clay can dissolve as a result of the basic medium formed by the cement.
• the end product formed behaves like a hardened concrete, it can, however, erode or disintegrate in the course of time.
• One problem which concrete is known to have is that it disintegrates in the course of time under the effect of frost/thaw. Care must then also be taken that frost/thaw cannot exert any influence, for example by covering the material with a layer of leaf mould. This also applies in the case of the concrete-like end product which is obtained as has been described above. This known end product can therefore also not be used in bridge piers and the like, but can only be dumped, or is used as foundation material.
• the present invention now provides
• the method of the invention is consequently characterised in that the waste material-containing absorbent is treated with an occluding agent before adding the hydraulic binder and the hardening activator.
• the waste material-containing absorbent is coated with the occluding agent, as a result of which, in the finished end product, the waste material is not only contained in the cement matrix but is also surrounded by the occluding agent. In this way an extra barrier is formed, as a result of which leaching out is virtually impossible.
• the waste material-containing absorbent to be treated with the occluding agent is treated in the form of particles, so that the surface area of the waste material-containing absorbent treated with the occluding agent is sufficiently large.
• the absorption of the organic constituents in the absorbent can be such that these constituents are not only able to adhere in the internal cavities of this absorbent but are also able to adhere on the external surface thereof.
• these constituents are not only able to adhere in the internal cavities of this absorbent but are also able to adhere on the external surface thereof.
• some molecules are contained in the interior cavity of the absorbent while the remaining molecules, from the absorbent, as it were at least partially cover the outside thereof and in fact form a thin film thereon.
• an adhesion of this type in the form of a thin film, can be less than in the case of absorption in the interior cavities of the absorbent, the binding strength between the material to be absorbed and the absorbent is less relevant, because the waste material-containing absorbent according to the invention is coated with an occluding agent.
• the treatment with the occluding agent also offers the great advantage that the organic compounds to be fixed can be absorbed in an organo-clay compound without it being necessary to take into account that the clay compound used can be broken down by the hydraulic binder used in a later stage. Adjustment of the pH of the medium formed is then also necessary only for the subsequent cementation.
• the skin formed with the occluding agent is indeed impenetrable to the hydraulic binder, but the occluding agent must allow the particles coated therewith to be able to be incorporated in a cement matrix, of course without the occluding agent being attacked.
• the silicon compound used is a silicon polymer, silica gel or water glass.
• silicon compounds such as silanes and silicones, can also be used.
• the silicon polymer is formed in situ, in particular by reaction of granulated blast furnace slags with a strong acid, such as sulphuric acid.
• a strong acid such as sulphuric acid.
• waste material is understood to be any material which is formed as a by-product from an industrial process and may have an adverse effect on the environment if it is discarded without treatment.
• the method under consideration is carried out at ambient temperature. This implies a wide margin and therefore makes it possible to treat the waste material at source, as a result of which transport costs can be dispensed with.
• the product obtained according to the invention can be used for complete or partial replacement of concrete, because, as a result of the presence of both the cement matrix and the occluding agent, the product offers a double guarantee against leaching out.
• Another aim of the invention is to provide a composite kit, which is particularly suitable for fixing toxic or non-toxic, particulate or liquid waste material, comprising an absorbent and a hydraulic binder, which kit is characterised in that it also comprises an occluding agent.
• the occluding agent is a silicon compound, in particular a silicon polymer, silica gel or water glass, the silicon compound expediently comprising granulated blast furnace slags.
• a montmorillonite clay in the form of a bentonite clay was finely ground to a particle size of about 200 mesh. This finely ground bentonite clay was then treated with a slurry of industrial waste which essentially contained inorganic constituents, in particular heavy metals such as arsenic, antimony, tin, copper, lead and mercury, and only a small fraction of organic substances, mainly phenol.
• the amount of clay used was determined beforehand on a laboratory scale, such that essentially all contaminants could be absorbed or enclosed in the clay used. If desired, the amount of water present in the slurry of industrial waste material was adjusted so as to be able to obtain an essentially granular product after the absorption step.
• the absorbent containing contaminants which was obtained in this way was then mixed with approximately 2% of sodium silicate in the form of a solution.
• An aqueous slurry was then formed by mixing 20 kg of particles, obtained as described above, with 40 kg of Portland cement and 40 l of water, after which 10 kg of fly ash were added.
• the resulting mixture was allowed to harden for 28 days.
• a clay modified with a quaternary ammonium compound is preferably used for the treatment of industrial waste material which has an organic substance content of more than 4%.
• the waste stream contained about 7% of organic substances, mainly phenol and chloronaphthalene.
• This hardened material is therefore particularly suitable for raising and filling up, or filling in, ground areas, without it being possible for there to be a risk of leaching in a later stage.
• Example 1 was repeated except that, instead of sodium silicate, granulated blast furnace slags were used, from which a silicon polymer was formed by adding strong acid, for example sulphuric acid, until a pH of about 5 was obtained.
• strong acid for example sulphuric acid
• the hardened material obtained after mixing with Portland cement and fly ash in accordance with Example 1 complies with the IBC regulations which apply for a C 3 dump.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19860061

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (12)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (19)

• 1991
  • 1991-12-19 NL NL9102131A patent/NL9102131A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1992
  • 1992-12-16 EP EP19920203962 patent/EP0547716B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-12-16 AT AT92203962T patent/ATE142180T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-12-16 DE DE69213419T patent/DE69213419T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-17 US US07/992,118 patent/US5372729A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-18 PL PL29705992A patent/PL297059A1/xx unknown
  • 1992-12-18 CZ CS923758A patent/CZ375892A3/cs unknown
  • 1992-12-18 CA CA 2085850 patent/CA2085850A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-12-18 SK SK3758-92A patent/SK375892A3/sk unknown
  • 1992-12-19 HU HU9204054A patent/HUT75350A/hu unknown

Patent Citations (19)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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