US5650111A - Process of making cellulose products from straw - Google Patents

Process of making cellulose products from straw Download PDF

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Publication number
US5650111A
US5650111A US08/500,889 US50088995A US5650111A US 5650111 A US5650111 A US 5650111A US 50088995 A US50088995 A US 50088995A US 5650111 A US5650111 A US 5650111A
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United States
Prior art keywords
straw
mixture
paste
water
alkali
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US08/500,889
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English (en)
Inventor
Stein Gasland
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US5650111A publication Critical patent/US5650111A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials

Definitions

  • the invention concerns dispersion of the cellulose based fibres in straw with alkali during strong mechanical action and at solid content up to 85%. This action leads to a moulding composition, which is suitable for plastic forming of cellulose containing fibre products.
  • cellulose fibre The most valuable part of straw is cellulose fibre. This may be used for paper production, but it makes up only a bit more than 1/3 of the solid in straw. Almost half the solid is extractable with alkali. By such extraction carbohydrates with chains shorter than cellulose are made soluble, and in the paper industry that is called hemicellulose. It is mainly composed of pentosanes and it acts as a hydrocolloid.
  • the highest concentrations which are used in the beginning of the pulping process is 40% dry straw plus 8% alkali. At the end of the pulping the concentration is much lower, because the heating is done by direct supply of steam.
  • the alkali usually is caustic soda, lime or mixtures thereof.
  • the pulping solubilizes most of the alkali extractable material. That softens the straw, so that the non-extractable cellulose fibres can be liberated by a succeeding milling operation.
  • the concentration used for this dispersion of the fibres is typically a few percent and in special cases up to 8%.
  • One of the advantages of the invention is that it solves the problem of the low concentration by a new process for dispersion of the cellulose based fibres in straw with alkali in water.
  • the new process is characterised in that the liberation of the fibres from each other is carded out under strong mechanical action at solid content up to 85%. In so doing, the suspension is transformed into a homogeneous paste.
  • the plasticity is given by the dissolved pentosane. It acts as a hydrocolloid.
  • the pentosane binds the water, and the mixture gets a high viscosity as a paste.
  • the high viscosity conveys the movement of the agitator out into the paste to the individual straws and further into the individual fibres to tear them apart, by which mean still more pentosane is being dissolved.
  • the treatment of the straw may be performed in a particularly strong mixer, preferably in a kneading machine which can be heated.
  • the invention may be used as a introductory production step for traditional paper making, in such a way that the paste resulting from the liberation of the fibres is diluted with great amounts of water, and the obtained suspension is then dewatered on a water permeable wire, so that the fibres are retained on the wire.
  • the large amount of pentosanes makes straw unsuited for traditional paper production.
  • the pentosane causes three problems:
  • Fibres from straw contain hemicellulose and shorter fibres than the cellulose or ground wood, which is normally being used for production of paper, and this reduces the speed at which the paper can be formed by dewatering on the water permeable wire.
  • the paste from the dispersion may be used directly for plastic forming by new methods for cellulose based fibre products such as extrusion, injection moulding, coating, pressing or rolling.
  • the pentosane has changed from being a production problem to becoming a production aid.
  • it is an aid by the dispersion of the fibres, as described above, and thereafter aid for the plastic forming.
  • a good moulding paste shall not only have perfectly dispersed fibres. If the paste is to be used for extrusion or injection moulding, it is also necessary that the paste contains so much hydrocolloid that the water is completely bound, or stated more precisely so that free water cannot be seen on the surface of the moulding paste, just after it has been pressed out of an extruder nozzle.
  • the dispersion of the fibres or in other words the preparation of the moulding composition may be carded out at different temperatures.
  • High temperature is particularly interesting. In this way the fibres may be liberated at still higher solid content than at normal temperatures, and solubilization of the pentosane is faster.
  • the upper limit for the temperature is about 250° C., at which temperature the pentosane starts to decompose.
  • the moulding paste stands the high pressures which appear during the kneading and also in the extruders used for forming the moulding paste.
  • Production of cellulose containing fibre products may be simplified by performing the dispersion of the fibres and the forming of the fibre products as a continuous process, f. inst. in such a way that the paste is first kneaded at high temperature and high pH in the beginning of a cook-extruder, and then--possibly after cooling and neutralising the pH--to form in the nozzle of an extruder or by pressing into the mould of an injection moulding machine.
  • the types of straw which are most suited for the invention are from barley, wheat. oat, rye, rice or other cereals.
  • caustic soda NaOH
  • lime Ca(OH) 2
  • quicklime CaO
  • Both the dispersion of the fibres and the forming of the fibre products are done easiest at modest solid content of about 50%. However, after the forming there is a drying, and this is more difficult to carry out with lower solid contents. It is therefore usually advantageous to perform the dispersion at a lower solid content than the forming. Solubilizing of pentosane and dispersion of the fibres may therefore be started with hot kneading at 40% solid. During this treatment water evaporates from the kneading machine, and the fibres become perfectly dispersed f. inst. when the solid content has reached 55%. The paste may then be kneaded further with heat supply until solid content reaches 80%.
  • the forming then needs a bit higher pressure at 80% than if the kneading had been terminated at 55%, but this disadvantage, and the extra operation of evaporating up to 80% solid content, is more than compensated for by a much easier drying.
  • Pentosane has a tendency to make the paste sticky, and this stickiness may cause operational problems.
  • the stickiness may be reduced by addition of additives such as wax and latex-emulsions.
  • the stickiness may also be reduced by increasing the solid content, f. inst. as described in the previous paragraph. In that way the paste gets less adhesion to other parts and more cohesion in itself. Addition of wax with correctly chosen melting point may also increase the speed of forming, as the paste cures faster by cooling f. inst. in the mould of an injection moulding machine.
  • a premix was first made from 100 g air dried straw from barley moistened with 200 ml water. Barley was chosen as raw material, because it is more difficult to pulp than wheat, so that when the trials succeeded with barley they would certainly also succeed with wheat. To this premix, the chemicals were then added, as described below.
  • the pretrials in the domestic mixer were done in such a way that the sample was alternately heated to 95° C. in a domestic micro wave oven and kneaded in the mix master. This treatment was repeated four times in rapid succession. Afterwards the straw was investigated to see to which extent it had softened. Such softening was always accompanied with a development of a paste like substance on the surface of the straws.
  • the pretrials are ranked below according to increasing amount of pasting.
  • Mix 4 was as mix 3, with the modification that the moistening of the straw had been done with 200 ml 25% ammonia instead of 200 ml straight water. Paste development and stiffness were as mix 3, i.e. the ammonia gave no improvement.
  • the speed of rotation of the Brabender mixer was adjusted to 75 rpm, and the temperature to 115° C.
  • the torque for the different mixtures was automatically recorded on a diagram.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US08/500,889 1993-02-02 1994-01-27 Process of making cellulose products from straw Expired - Fee Related US5650111A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK011893A DK170289B1 (da) 1993-02-02 1993-02-02 Fremgangsmåde til frigørelse af de cellulosebaserede fibre i strå fra hinanden og støbemasse til plastisk formning af celluloseholdige fiberprodukter
DK0118/93 1993-02-02
PCT/DK1994/000046 WO1994018388A1 (en) 1993-02-02 1994-01-27 A method to separate the cellulose based fibers in straw from each other and a moulding composition for plastic forming of cellulose containing fiber products

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5650111A true US5650111A (en) 1997-07-22

Family

ID=8089950

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/500,889 Expired - Fee Related US5650111A (en) 1993-02-02 1994-01-27 Process of making cellulose products from straw

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5650111A (da)
EP (1) EP0682727B1 (da)
JP (1) JPH08506625A (da)
AT (1) ATE165405T1 (da)
CA (1) CA2153981A1 (da)
DE (1) DE69409794T2 (da)
DK (1) DK170289B1 (da)
ES (1) ES2116577T3 (da)
FI (1) FI101315B1 (da)
HU (1) HU214933B (da)
NO (1) NO952675D0 (da)
PL (1) PL310083A1 (da)
WO (1) WO1994018388A1 (da)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030217823A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-27 Jie Zhu Method for producing pulp and products from high silica content agricultural waste materials
US20060180285A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-17 Yiqi Yang High quality and long natural cellulose fibers from rice straw and method of producing rice straw fibers
US20090288792A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Buhler Ag Method for producing pressed products from fiber-containing raw materials
US20110061825A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2011-03-17 Shandong Fuyin Paper & Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Grass type unbleached paper products and production method thereof
US20110297343A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2011-12-08 Shandong Fuyin Paper & Enviromental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Raw paper and production method and application thereof
US20120006501A1 (en) * 2010-06-25 2012-01-12 Jeff Golfman Method for Preparing Nonwood Fiber Paper

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5549859A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-27 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for the extrusion of novel, highly plastic and moldable hydraulically settable compositions
US5662731A (en) 1992-08-11 1997-09-02 E. Khashoggi Industries Compositions for manufacturing fiber-reinforced, starch-bound articles having a foamed cellular matrix
AT405847B (de) 1996-09-16 1999-11-25 Zellform Ges M B H Verfahren zur herstellung von rohlingen oder formkörpern aus zellulosefasern
FR2758344B1 (fr) * 1997-01-16 1999-03-26 Ardeval Champagne Ardenne Procede pour fractionner des pailles de cereales, notamment de ble et d'orge
US9504394B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2016-11-29 The General Hospital Corporation Electro-optical system, apparatus, and method for ambulatory monitoring
HU230624B1 (hu) 2013-10-29 2017-04-28 Molnárbeton Betongyártó És Kereskedelmi Kft Eljárás csökkentett vízfelvételi tulajdonságú cellulóz tartalmú cementkötésű betontermékek előállítására, és a kapott betontermék alkalmazása
CA2978243A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 Kemira Oyj Use of a strength composition for increasing wet dimensional stability of a moulded pulp article
CN108660849A (zh) * 2018-05-07 2018-10-16 合肥云都棉花有限公司 一种基于棉花秸秆制备的纸浆及其生产工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1718011A (en) * 1927-09-29 1929-06-18 Armstrong Cork Co Artificial board and its manufacture
DE1051109B (de) * 1953-09-30 1959-02-19 Aschaffenburger Zellstoffwerke Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halbzellstoff
US3892586A (en) * 1973-04-24 1975-07-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Process for the preparation of building units
US4377440A (en) * 1978-05-25 1983-03-22 Stein Gasland Process for manufacturing of formed products

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1718011A (en) * 1927-09-29 1929-06-18 Armstrong Cork Co Artificial board and its manufacture
DE1051109B (de) * 1953-09-30 1959-02-19 Aschaffenburger Zellstoffwerke Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halbzellstoff
US3892586A (en) * 1973-04-24 1975-07-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Process for the preparation of building units
US4377440A (en) * 1978-05-25 1983-03-22 Stein Gasland Process for manufacturing of formed products

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030217823A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-27 Jie Zhu Method for producing pulp and products from high silica content agricultural waste materials
US20060180285A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-17 Yiqi Yang High quality and long natural cellulose fibers from rice straw and method of producing rice straw fibers
WO2006083605A3 (en) * 2005-01-28 2007-11-15 Univ Nebraska High quality and long natural cellulose fibers from rice straw and method of producing rice straw fibers
US20110061825A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2011-03-17 Shandong Fuyin Paper & Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Grass type unbleached paper products and production method thereof
US8303772B2 (en) * 2007-12-05 2012-11-06 Shangdong Fuyin Paper & Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Method for preparing a grass-type unbleached paper product
US20090288792A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Buhler Ag Method for producing pressed products from fiber-containing raw materials
US20110297343A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2011-12-08 Shandong Fuyin Paper & Enviromental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Raw paper and production method and application thereof
US8771465B2 (en) * 2008-12-09 2014-07-08 Shandong Fuyin Paper & Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Raw Paper
US20120006501A1 (en) * 2010-06-25 2012-01-12 Jeff Golfman Method for Preparing Nonwood Fiber Paper
US8795469B2 (en) * 2010-06-25 2014-08-05 Prairie Paper Ventures Inc. Method for preparing nonwood fiber paper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69409794T2 (de) 1998-08-13
NO952675L (no) 1995-07-06
FI101315B (fi) 1998-05-29
CA2153981A1 (en) 1994-08-18
EP0682727B1 (en) 1998-04-22
WO1994018388A1 (en) 1994-08-18
FI953653A0 (fi) 1995-08-02
PL310083A1 (en) 1995-11-27
HUT72823A (en) 1996-05-28
FI953653L (fi) 1995-08-02
ATE165405T1 (de) 1998-05-15
NO952675D0 (no) 1995-07-06
FI101315B1 (fi) 1998-05-29
EP0682727A1 (en) 1995-11-22
DE69409794D1 (de) 1998-05-28
HU214933B (hu) 1998-07-28
DK11893A (da) 1994-08-03
DK11893D0 (da) 1993-02-02
HU9502283D0 (en) 1995-09-28
JPH08506625A (ja) 1996-07-16
DK170289B1 (da) 1995-07-24
ES2116577T3 (es) 1998-07-16

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Effective date: 20050722