Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

• the invention relates to an animal litter and to a process for producing a particular embodiment of this animal litter.
• a known animal litter of the type described above consists of particles, which are built up completely from inorganic mineral material in granulate form.
• This mineral material may consist of granulates based on calcium silicate hydrate as well as of granulates based on clay minerals. These products have proven to be entirely satisfactory; however, the water absorption capacity and, in particular, the odor-binding capacity, seem capable of improvement.
• animal litter materials are also known, the individual parcels of which consist essentially of an organic material, such as treated waste paper or the like.
• the moisture absorption capacity is high, but there is frequently a problem with binding the odor.
• this objective is accomplished by an animal litter of or with a proportion of particles, which comprise at least one moisture-absorbing, organic material and at least one platelet-like mineral material.
• the proportion of mineral material in the particles is between 5 and 25% by weight.
• the mineral material consists essentially of particles, which are identifiable visually as platelets (macroplatelets), the length to the thickness of these platelets being at least 10: 1.
• the invention proposes that the particles contain an odor binder, which is distributed essentially uniformly and preferably comprises magnesium chloride, sodium chloride and/or calcium chloride.
• the moisture-absorbing organic material comprises cellulose, and especially the fraction of comminuted cellulose having a fiber length less than 1,500 ⁇ m.
• the invention proposes that the particles comprise an inorganic and/or organic binder, which preferably is bentonite.
• the individual particles in each case have a particle core, which comprises the liquid-absorbing organic material and optionally a portion of the platelet-like, mineral material, and a sheath, which essentially surrounds the particle core completely and contains the platelet-like mineral material.
• This binder may comprise bentonite.
• An odor binder which is optionally present pursuant to the invention, may preferably be distributed essentially uniformly in the particle core.
• the individual particles have an essentially roundish, oval shape.
• the invention proposes that the particles have a particle size of 0.5 to 8 mm and preferably of 3.3 to 6.5 mm.
• the preferred bulk density of the inventive animal litter is 350-450 g/L.
• the preferred residual moisture of the inventive animal litter is 5 to 15% by weight.
• the preferred water absorption capacity of the inventive animal litter is 100 to 200% by weight.
• the preferred pH of the inventive animal litter is 7 to 9.
• the inventive method for producing an animal litter with particles which consist of the previously described particle cores and particle sheaths, is distinguished owing to the fact that the particle cores are produced to begin with by pelletizing and that the particle cores subsequently are coated with the particle sheath.
• Provisions can be made that, when an odor binder is used, it is incorporated into the particle cores during the pelletizing.
• an odor binder-containing solution be used as a pelletizing aid.
• this solution can be a magnesium chloride solution.
• a 33% magnesium chloride in an amount of 10 to 35% by weight relative to the weight of the particle core material, which is to be pelletized.
• odor binder is incorporated in solid (salt) form in the particle cores during the pelletizing.
• the invention is based on the surprising realization that it is possible to accomplish the objective of the invention and provide an environmentally proper animal litter with outstanding use properties by making available a moisture-absorbing organic material and a platelet-like mineral material together in the particles of the inventive animal litter.
• a hyperadditive effect for binding the odor results which could not have been predicted and the magnitude of which was completely surprising to those skilled in the art.
• the particle core which may consist of the moisture-absorbing organic material, such as cellulose, alone or in admixture with the platelet-like, mineral material, such as vermiculite, has an outstanding water absorption capacity and, if it is provided with the platelet-like mineral material and, optionally, additionally with an odor binder, as is provided for preferably, contributes already itself to the binding of the odor.
• the platelet-like mineral material which is applied as the particle sheath, can surround the particle core in very thin layers, which are permeable in the interstices to the incoming moisture.
• material which is not in the form of platelets, the particular advantage arises that especially short passageways to the moisture-absorbing organic material in the core are ensured for the moisture; on the other hand, when particle-shaped material is used, longer, frequently duct-shaped passages result, which overall delay and hinder the absorption of moisture.
• the particle sheath ensures with a high degree of reliability that the particle will not become tacky, so that there is no danger that the animal litter will be carried around in the residence, for example, by a cat.
• the inventive animal litter is biocompatible to a high degree and can be disposed of in the toilet or by composting without any problems.
• the individual particles are practically dust-free, particularly if a particle sheath of platelet-like mineral material is used.
• the color of the animal litter is also a particular advantage of the particle sheath having the inventive construction, since the core is essentially made invisible by the particle sheath and, due to total reflection, the color of the animal litter corresponds largely to that of the platelet-like mineral material used and accordingly preferably is a beige-brown or a glossy gold.
• Crude cellulose (40.5% by weight) of a fraction with a fiber length less than 1,500 ⁇ m, 11.5% by weight of expanded vermiculite, 38.6% by weight of bentonite and 9.40% by weight of magnesium chloride in the form of a 33% aqueous solution were pelletized in a conventional, commercial Eirich mixer, until an essentially roundish, oval shape is attained.
• the animal litter After being dried to a residual moisture content of about 10% by weight, the animal litter had a bulk density of approximately 400 g/L, a water absorption of 160% by weight, a pH of 8.2 and a particle size of 3.4 to 5.2 mm. The fibers were beige-brown to a glossy gold. Over 7 days, the odor binding was less than 100 ppm (STIWA method).
• Crude cellulose (44.8% by weight) of the fraction having a fiber length of less than 1,500 ⁇ m, 37.2% by weight of bentonite and 9.15% by weight of magnesium chloride in the form of a 33% aqueous solution were pelletized in a conventional, commercial Eirich mixer. Subsequently, the individual particle cores were coated once again in the Eirich mixer with a particle sheath, the raw material for the particle sheath comprising 7% by weight of vermiculite and 1.85% by weight of a binder (bentonite), the remainder being water.
• the animal litter, so produced had a bulk density of 400 g/L, a water absorption of 100% by weight, a residual moisture of 10, a pH of 8 and a particle size of 3.4 to 5.2 mm.
• the particles were roundish-oval.
• the color was beige-brown to a glossy gold.
• the odor binding was less than 100 ppm (STIWA method).
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was followed; however, 9.15% by weight of magnesium chloride and 3.15% by weight of sodium chloride, both in solid form, were used as odor binder and water was used as pelletizing aid.
• the properties of the product, so obtained, were as follows: bulk density 330 g/L, water absorption 170% by weight, residual moisture content 12% by weight, pH 7.3, particle size 1.2 to 4.3, particle shape roundish-oval, color glossy gold to beige-brown.
• the odor binding over 6 days was less than 100 ppm (STIWA method).

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25927846

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (41)

Citations (7)

• 1994
  • 1994-07-20 JP JP7504858A patent/JPH09500276A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-07-20 ES ES94920896T patent/ES2107845T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-07-20 EP EP94920896A patent/EP0710069B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-07-20 AU AU71826/94A patent/AU7182694A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-07-20 US US08/581,624 patent/US5735232A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-07-20 WO PCT/DE1994/000845 patent/WO1995002956A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1994-07-20 AT AT94920896T patent/ATE158138T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (7)

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