US6445875B1 - Apparatus and method for detecting edition point of audio/video data stream - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for detecting edition point of audio/video data stream Download PDF

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US6445875B1
US6445875B1 US09/111,341 US11134198A US6445875B1 US 6445875 B1 US6445875 B1 US 6445875B1 US 11134198 A US11134198 A US 11134198A US 6445875 B1 US6445875 B1 US 6445875B1
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parameter
unit
parameters
information
coding
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Kenzo Akagiri
Yoshinari Chida
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G11B27/034—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2525—Magneto-optical [MO] discs
    • G11B2220/2529—Mini-discs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to information searching apparatus and method, and a transmission medium, and more particularly to information searching apparatus and method and a transmission medium with which an edition point can be detected by an apparatus having a simple structure and a low price.
  • ATRAC Adaptive transform Acoustic Coding
  • MD mini disc
  • Trident Adaptive transform Acoustic Coding
  • MD mini disc
  • Trident a digital audio signal is blocked every predetermined time length to code spectrum data by utilizing redundancy thereof. Thereafter, the spectrum data are recorded in a magneto-optical disc (MD) together with parameters representing coding conditions.
  • MD magneto-optical disc
  • the MPEG system is a hybrid system in which a motion compensation prediction coding system and a discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding system are used in combination with each other.
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • a frame is divided into blocks (called as “macro-blocks”) for processing.
  • redundancy on time axis is cut out by taking a difference between frames, and then redundancy on spatial axis is cut out by using discrete cosine transform, thereby coding video signals efficiently.
  • the coded signals which are formed by these high-efficiency coding systems are not quantitative, but the information amount thereof varies with time lapse. Therefore, it is known that higher image quality can be obtained by using a variable bit rate coding than by using a fixed bit rate coding for the same coding amount.
  • this position is hereinafter referred to as “edition point”
  • the coded signals are decoded at a higher speed than at a normal speed for reproduction and display.
  • a user searches an edition point from images which are continuously reproduced and displayed at a high speed while viewing these images.
  • the performance of a normal decoding and reproducing apparatus is insufficient, and the performance of a higher-speed decoding and reproducing apparatus is required.
  • a decoding processor is required to perform decoding processing at a speed which is five times as high as the normal processing speed.
  • higher-speed processing is required.
  • a processor which can perform such high-speed processing can be implemented by a parallel processor architecture or the like, however, it is very high in price and more complicated in construction. In an editing apparatus for business, such a high-price process can be used, however, it is difficult to use such a high-price processor in a domestic reproducing apparatus.
  • PC personal computer
  • a general purpose processor is used in such a PC, and a decoding method is supplied in the form of a program, so that it is more difficult to perform decoding processing at a higher speed by using a general-purpose processor than by using a special-purpose processor.
  • the present invention has been implemented in view of such a situation, and has an object to provide information searching apparatus and method, and a transmission medium in which an edition point can be searched with a low-price apparatus having a simple construction.
  • an information searching apparatus is characterized by comprising extraction means for extracting a parameter associated with coding from data which are obtained by coding predetermined information every predetermined unit, comparison means for comparing a parameter of a predetermined unit with a parameter of another unit, and detection means for detecting an edition point of information in accordance with a comparison result of the comparing means.
  • An information searching method is characterized by comprising an extraction step for extracting a parameter associated with coding from data which are obtained by coding predetermined information every predetermined unit, a comparison step for comparing a parameter of a predetermined unit with a parameter of another unit, and a detection step for detecting an edition point of information in accordance with a comparison result of the comparing step.
  • a transmission medium is characterized by transmitting a program comprising an extraction step for extracting a parameter associated with coding from data which are obtained by coding predetermined information every predetermined unit, a comparison step for comparing a parameter of a predetermined unit with a parameter of another unit, and a detection step for detecting an edition point of information in accordance with a comparison result of the comparing step.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of an information searching apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing audio data recorded in a disc of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing audio data recorded in the disc of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation according to an embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing edition point searching processing of a judgment circuit 11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing variation of the number of parameters every frame
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing variation of the number of parameters every frame
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing another processing of the edition point searching processing of the judgment circuit 11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing variation of the number of parameters every frame
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing variation of the number of parameters every frame
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the properties of word length
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the properties of word length
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a recording state of audio data
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing parameters of video data.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing another search processing of the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
  • a preferred embodiment of an information searching apparatus will be described on the basis of a case where an edition point is searched from coded signals obtained by coding audio signals with high efficiency or coded signals based on MPEG video.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of the information searching apparatus of the present invention.
  • Video data which are encoded according to the MPEG system and audio data which are compressed according to the ATRAC system are recorded in a disc 1 which is rotated at a predetermined speed by a spindle motor 2 .
  • a pickup 3 irradiates a laser beam to the disc 1 to reproduce signals recorded in the disc 1 .
  • a demodulation circuit 4 demodulates a reproduction signal output from the pickup 3 and outputs the demodulated signal to an error correction circuit 5 .
  • the error correction circuit 5 corrects the error of the demodulated signal, and outputs the corrected signal to an inverse VLC (Variable Length Code) circuit 6 .
  • the inverse VLC circuit 6 converts the code of the input VLC (variable length code) to a predetermined-length code and outputs it to a buffer memory.
  • the disc 1 is designed so that information can be reproduced from the disc 1 at a speed which is several times as high as a normal reproducing speed, and data whose amount is larger than the data amount required in the normal reproducing operation (video data of several frames in the case of video data, audio data of several seconds in the case of audio data) can be recorded in the buffer memory 7 .
  • the main data (video data and audio data) read out from the buffer memory 7 are supplied to a decoder 8 .
  • the video data are decoded according to the MPEG system and then the decoding result is output to a display 9 while the audio data are decoded (expanded) according to the ATRAC system and then output to a speaker 10 .
  • parameters read out from the buffer memory 7 are supplied to the decoder 8 , and also supplied to the judgment circuit 11 .
  • the judgment circuit 11 detects variation of the parameters, and judges on the basis of the detection result whether it is an edition point.
  • the judgment result of the judgment circuit 11 is input to a control circuit 12 which is constructed by a microcomputer or the like, and also the correction result of the error correction circuit 5 is input to the control circuit 12 . Further, an instruction corresponding to the operation of a user is input from an input unit 13 to the control circuit 12 .
  • a servo circuit 14 is controlled by the control circuit 12 so as to rotate the spindle motor 2 at a predetermined speed, and controls various servo operations such as focus servo, tracking servo, radial servo, etc. for the pickup 3 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically show the data of one frame of audio data recorded in the disc 1 .
  • the audio data are recorded in the disc 1 while compressed according to a method as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. Hei-5-91062, for example. That is, an audio signal is divided into plural blocks on the frequency axis every predetermined time (every predetermined time frame), and so-called block floating processing is carried out every block.
  • the data of each block are adaptively subjected to bit allocation to be quantized.
  • the block floating processing is basically the processing of increasing the value common to respective words in a block by multiplication to enhance precision in quantization processing. Specifically, for example, the largest value (the maximum absolute value) of the absolute values of the respective words in a block is searched and all the words in the block are multiplied by a common floating coefficient so that the maximum absolute value is not saturated.
  • parameters BF associated with the block floating processing are provided a scale factor SF as a floating coefficient, and a word length WL representing the difference from a permissible noise level which is bundled every block in consideration of the scale factor SF and a so-called masking effect.
  • control circuit 12 controls the servo circuit 14 so that the spindle motor 2 rotates the disc 1 at a speed which is five times as high as the normal reproducing speed.
  • the control circuit 12 outputs an edition point searching instruction to each unit in step S 1 .
  • the pickup 3 is moved to a predetermined search start position by the servo circuit 14 to start the reproduction from that position.
  • the demodulation circuit 4 demodulates the reproduction signal output from the pickup 3 and outputs the demodulated signal to the error correction circuit 5 .
  • the error correction circuit 5 performs error correction on the input demodulated signal, and then, outputs the error-corrected signal to the inverse VLC circuit 6 .
  • the inverse VLC circuit 6 converts the input variable-length code to a fixed-length code and supplies it to the buffer memory 7 to memorize the code.
  • the parameters of each frame in the audio data stored in the buffer memory 7 are read out from the buffer memory 7 , and supplied to the judgment circuit 11 .
  • the judgment circuit 11 executes the edition point search processing shown in th e flowchart of FIG. 5 .
  • the judgment circuit 11 initially sets a variable i to “1” in step S 21 , and then obtains a parameter Ni and temporarily stores it into a built-in memory in step S 22 . Subsequently, the processing goes to step S 23 to increment the variable i by “1”, and in step S 24 it is judged whether the variable i is equal to a predetermined value n. If the variable i is not equal to the predetermined value n, the processing returns to step S 22 in which the judgment circuit 11 obtains a next parameter Ni and stores it. In next step S 23 , the variable i is incremented by “1”.
  • step S 24 The above processing is repetitively carried out until it is judged in step S 24 that the variable i is equal to the value n. For example, when the value n is equal to 5, the above processing is carried out until parameters N 1 to N 5 of five blocks are stored.
  • step S 26 a new parameter Ni is obtained again, and stored in the judgment circuit 11 .
  • the judgment circuit 11 calculates the absolute value of the difference (N 6 -N 5 ) between the number N 6 of parameters of a sixth block and the number N 5 of parameters of a fifth block just before the sixth block. Likewise, it calculates the absolute value of the difference between the number N 6 of the parameters of the sixth block and each of the number N 4 of parameters of a fourth block to the number N 1 of parameters of a first block, and calculates the sum thereof as S 6 .
  • step S 28 the processing goes to step S 28 , and the judgment circuit 11 judges whether Si is equal to a predetermined reference value T 1 or more. For example, if the reference value T 1 is set to 5, S 6 is smaller than the reference value T 1 because S 6 is equal to zero. Therefore, in this case, the processing goes to step S 29 to judge whether the audio data terminate, or whether an instruction of finishing the search processing is made.
  • step S 25 If the audio data have still existed or no instruction of the end of the search processing is made, the processing returns to step S 25 to increment the variable i by “1”, and in step S 26 a new parameter Ni is obtained and stored.
  • step S 27 the sum S 7 of the absolute values of the differences each of which is taken between the number of parameters of a current block (at present, N 7 ) and each of the numbers N 2 to N 6 of parameters of respective five blocks just before the current block is calculated.
  • step S 28 it is judged again whether S 7 is equal to the reference value T 1 or more.
  • step S 7 the number N 7 of parameters of the seventh block is equal to 9, and thus S 7 is equal to zero. Therefore, the processing returns from step S 29 to S 25 to increment the variable n by “1”, and in step S 26 a parameter Ni is obtained and stored. In step S 27 , Si is calculated again.
  • step S 30 it is judged whether the audio data terminate or whether the instruction of finishing the search processing is made. If it is judged that the audio data do not terminate or the instruction of finishing the search is not made, the processing goes to step S 31 to increment the variable i by “1”, and in this case i is set to 9.
  • step S 32 the parameter N 9 is obtained and stored.
  • step S 33 the sum S 9 of the absolute values of the differences each of which is taken between the number N 9 of parameters of the current block and each of the numbers N 4 to N 8 of parameters of five blocks just before the current block is calculated. As shown in FIG. 6, each of N 4 to N 7 is equal to 9, and N 8 is equal to 10, so that S 9 is equal to 4.
  • the processing goes to step S 35 to execute processing of setting the block just before the current block as an edition point. That is, in this case, the eighth block is set as the edition point (scene change point).
  • step S 35 After the processing of step S 35 , or if Si is judged to be smaller than the reference value T 2 in step S 34 , the processing returns to step S 29 , and the subsequent steps are repeated.
  • step S 10 when S 10 is calculated in step S 27 , this value (S 10 ) is equal to 3, and thus the judgment “NO” is made in step S 28 .
  • step S 2 of FIG. 4 the control circuit 12 judges whether a frame having an edition point is detected on the basis of the output of the judgment circuit 11 . If no detection is made, the processing goes to step S 5 to judge whether the end of the processing is instructed or not.
  • the control circuit 12 judges in the step S 2 of FIG. 4 whether a frame having an edition point is detected on the basis of the output of the judgment circuit 11 . If no frame having the edition point is detected, the processing goes to step S 5 to judge whether the end of the processing is instructed. If no instruction is made, the processing returns to step S 2 to judge whether a frame having an edition point is detected.
  • step S 2 If it is judged in step S 2 that the frame having the edition point is detected, the processing goes to step S 3 in which the control circuit 12 controls the decoder 8 to start the decoding operation from the frame having the edition point.
  • step S 4 the processing is on standby until a predetermined number of frames are decoded, and the processing returns from step S 4 to step S 5 when the predetermined number of frames are decoded.
  • the decoder 8 When the edition point is detected as described above, the decoder 8 is supplied with the main information of the audio data and the parameters for decoding the main information from the buffer memory 7 , and decodes these data according to the ATRAC system. The decoding result is supplied to the speaker 10 and output therefrom. The decoder 8 also decodes the corresponding video data according to the MPEG system, and outputs to the display 9 to display the video data.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing another processing of the edition point search processing.
  • step S 51 the variable i is initialized to “1” in step S 51 , and a parameter Ni is obtained and stored by the judgment circuit 11 in step S 52 . Subsequently, in step S 53 , the judgment circuit 11 increments the variable i by “1”, and obtains and stores the parameter Ni corresponding to the incremented variable.:
  • step S 55 the judgment circuit 11 subtracts the parameter N 1 ⁇ 1 obtained and stored in step S 52 from the parameter Ni obtained and stored in step S 54 , and judges whether the value is equal to zero. That is, it is judged whether the parameter number Ni of the current frame is equal to the parameter number N i ⁇ 1 of the frame just before the current frame. If both the parameter numbers are equal to each other, the processing goes to step S 61 to judge whether the data terminates or whether the end of the search processing is instructed.
  • step S 53 a parameter N 3 is obtained and stored.
  • step S 55 the “NO” judgment is made, and the processing goes to step S 56 .
  • step S 56 it is judged whether the data terminate or the end of the search processing is instructed. If neither the data terminate, nor the end of the processing is instructed, the processing goes to step S 57 to increment the variable i by “1”. In this case, i is set to 6.
  • step S 59 the difference between the number of parameters of the current frame and the number of parameters of the just-before frame is calculated, and it is judged whether the difference therebetween is equal to zero.
  • step S 60 the processing of setting the frame just before the current frame as the edition point is carried out. That is, in the case of FIG. 9, the fifth frame is set as the edition point.
  • step S 60 the processing returns to step S 61 .
  • step S 61 the processing returns to step S 61 . The same is satisfied when the “NO” judgment is made in step S 59 .
  • step S 55 if the parameter number N 6 of the subsequent sixth frame is equal to 9, and the processing goes to step S 59 .
  • the setting processing as the edition point of the step S 60 is not carried out.
  • the edition point is detected on the basis of the parameter number of each frame.
  • the word length WL itself may be compared every frame, every frequency band (block) to detect the edition point.
  • the level of the audio signal is expected to have a spectrum distribution which substantially corresponds to the word length as show in FIG. 11 .
  • the frame of the audio signal having the word length shown in FIG. 3 is expected to have a spectrum distribution as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the edition point can be detected by associating the parameter Ni in the processing of FIG. 5 or 8 with the word length WL. That is, in this case, the word lengths of the corresponding frequency bands (blocks) show in FIGS. 2 and 3 are subtracted from each other, and the absolute value of the difference therebetween is set as the absolute value of the difference of the parameters of each frame.
  • the processing may be performed on the assumption that the parameters of the frequency band are equal to zero.
  • the edition point is detected on the basis of the parameters of the audio data, however, the edition point may be detected on the basis of the parameters of video data.
  • the edition point may be detected on the basis of the parameters of video data.
  • IDP Intra_dc_precision
  • the quantizing precision of a coefficient of a DC component of an intra-pictures and with 2 bits thereof, the quantizing precision can be varied in the range from 8 bits to 11 bits. It may be considered that the variation of the quantizing precision of the DC coefficient means a case where the properties of a pattern varies greatly, and this can be detected as an edition point (scene change).
  • intra_vlc_format is a parameter for defining selective use of two kinds of VLC tables of the DC coefficient of an intra-picture in accordance with the condition.
  • alteration of the table means a case where the properties of a pattern varies greatly, and this variation point can be detected as an edition point.
  • the processing of detecting these parameters can be performed as in the case of FIG. 5 or 8 .
  • the edition point is detected on the basis of the parameters of one of the audio data and the video data.
  • the edition point may be detected by using the parameters of both the data.
  • FIG. 15 shows a processing example in that case.
  • the control circuit 12 instructs the edition point search processing to each unit in step S 71 .
  • the judgment circuit 11 detects an edition point on the basis of the parameters of audio data as described above, and also detect an edition point on the basis of the parameters of video data. The detection result is output to the control circuit 12 .
  • the control circuit 12 judges in step S 72 whether the edition point of the video signal is detected. If no edition point is detected, the processing goes to step S 76 to judge whether the video signal terminates or the end of the search processing is instructed. If the video signal does not terminate or the end of the search of the video signal is not instructed, the processing goes to step S 72 to judge whether the edition point of the video signal is detected.
  • step S 72 if it is judged in step S 72 that the edition point of the video signal is detected, the processing goes to step S 73 in which the control circuit 12 further judges whether the edition point of the audio signal is detected.
  • the processing goes to step S 74 if the edition point is also detected from the corresponding audio signal, and the control circuit 12 controls the decoder 8 to start the decoding operation from the edition point thus detected. Thereafter, the processing goes to step S 75 to be standby until a predetermined number of frames are decoded, and returns to step S 76 when the predetermined number of frames are decoded.
  • step S 72 Even when the edition point of the video signal is judged to be detected in step S 72 , the edition point is not finally detected as the true edition point in step S 73 if the edition point is not detected from the audio signal corresponding to the video signal, whereby the edition point can be more accurately detected.
  • the check order of the detection processing of the edition points of the video signal and the audio signal in steps S 72 and S 73 may be inverted.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be applied to high-efficiency coding systems other than the ATRAC and MPEG. Further, the divisional unit of the signal is not limited to the frame. Various modification may be made without departing from the subject matter of the present invention.
  • recording media such as a magnetic disc, CD-ROM, a solid memory, etc.
  • other communication media such as a network, a satellite, etc. may be used as the transmission medium for transmitting to users the program for executing the above-described processing.
  • the parameters associated with the coding are extracted, and the edition point is detected on the basis of the parameters. Therefore, the edition point can be detected without decoding all the coded data, and the searching operation can be performed simply and accurately without using any special-purpose processor for performing decoding processing at a high speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
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