US6499998B2 - Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations - Google Patents

Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations Download PDF

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Publication number
US6499998B2
US6499998B2 US09/821,567 US82156701A US6499998B2 US 6499998 B2 US6499998 B2 US 6499998B2 US 82156701 A US82156701 A US 82156701A US 6499998 B2 US6499998 B2 US 6499998B2
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tooth
accordance
determination apparatus
shade
shade determination
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US20010049082A1 (en
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Harald Kerschbaumer
Armin Ospelt
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Ivoclar Vivadent AG
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Ivoclar Vivadent AG
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Priority to US10/004,181 priority patent/US6743014B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/10—Supports for artificial teeth for transport or for comparison of the colour

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shade or color determination apparatus for teeth and dental restorations, and also relates to a method for specifying and determining shades for teeth and dental restorations.
  • a shade determination apparatus and such a method are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,006.
  • This solution represents an advance relative to the use of a conventional shade guide.
  • a commercial shade guide has a plurality of color groups, whereby in each group are located teeth with different color saturation and brightness and each group is assigned to a certain shade.
  • the tooth in a shade guide can have a structure of one to five layers.
  • Such a shade guide has limited selection options. This limitation is not due to a lack of options for producing different color mixtures, but rather to the fact that even experienced dentists are limited in their ability to determine a shade correctly.
  • One reason for this is that the eye becomes fatigued after long periods of comparison. But it is also due to the fact that the eye must observe the natural tooth and the prosthetic tooth held next to it in the shade guide in an “integrated” manner in order to obtain the results of the comparison.
  • the tooth in the shade guide has a two-layer structure and an overall thickness of 5 mm, whereby in the incisal region enamel material is applied thicker and in the cervical region dentine material is applied thicker.
  • the teeth in the shade guide regularly comprise ceramics fired at high temperatures. Although such ceramics are more cost effective in terms of manufacture, manufacturing costs are substantial since they have to be distributed to all of the dentists. However, today it is not unusual for other ceramics to be used that are fired at temperatures lower than, e.g., 1300°.
  • the newest materials for dental restorations always have optical properties that are similar to teeth, e.g. opal effects or brightness values determined by precisely-defined crystal sizes, whereby the optical refraction index is adjusted.
  • Shade guides used in the past are generally not well suited for comparing shades with these new materials.
  • the materials d.SIGN and Empress 2 are also among the new materials that have enhanced brightness even with better translucence.
  • the shade guides that were used in the past are generally not well suited for comparing shades with these new materials.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a shade determination apparatus and a corresponding method that are able to provide a tooth or a dental restoration in an aesthetically pleasing manner, whereby the shade comparison is made substantially easier for the dentist and in particular the coloration and translucence obtained matches adjacent teeth or adjacent regions.
  • the shade determination apparatus has a set of reference templates for comparison to a patient's tooth, whereby based on the coloration of the reference template the shade of a tooth or a restoration that is to be employed can be determined.
  • the reference templates are produced in a layer arrangement, taking into consideration layer thickness and/or material selection, that corresponds to the tooth, dental restoration, or filling that is to be employed.
  • the apparatus also has a storage apparatus in which the coloration of the reference template is stored and the layering of the tooth or dental restoration can be matched and determined based on partial images from an image of the patient's tooth.
  • a set of reference templates is compared to a patient's tooth and based on the coloration of the reference template, the shade of a tooth or restoration that is to be employed can be determined.
  • the reference templates are produced in a layer arrangement taking into consideration layer thickness and/or material selection that corresponds to the tooth or dental restoration that is to be employed.
  • the coloration of the reference template is stored and the layering of the tooth or dental restoration can be matched and determined based on partial images from an image of the patient's tooth.
  • the inventive measures make it possible for the first time to obtain adequate coloration, even in terms of perception of the human eye, for the tooth to be replaced or for dental restorations.
  • This is based in particular or the fact that the reference templates are provided with layer thicknesses that correspond to the actual layer thicknesses of the incisal material and dentin material to be applied.
  • this measure makes it possible to obtain a more natural appearance, even when the reference template is not in the shape of a tooth, because by recording the image with the same camera, the same assessment flows into the process for analyzing the natural tooth and the reference template. It is obvious that in this context it is important to reference the shades if the same camera is not used but an identical model camera is used. In order to prevent metamerism effects it is advantageous to provide identical lighting.
  • a set of reference templates can be produced with layer thicknesses: incisal material 0.2 mm, dentine 1 mm, and opaque layer 0.1 mm.
  • An additional set of reference templates can be produced with the layer thicknesses: incisal material 0.2 mm, dentine material 0.3 mm, and opaque layer 0.1 mm.
  • An additional set can be produced with the layer thicknesses: incisal material 0.15 mm, dentine 0.4 mm, deep dentine 0.3 mm, and opaque layer 0.1 mm.
  • the different colorations can be matched by means of automatic comparison. It is preferable in this context for the recorded natural tooth to be displayed on the screen and sections of this tooth to be marked in a suitable manner, and then to find the correct reference template immediately, selecting the reference template as appropriate.
  • the reference templates it is particularly advantageous for the reference templates to have been fired from original materials in the original layer thickness, cost-related issues not having a negative impact thereupon. On the contrary, it is no longer necessary to divide up shade guides oneself; rather, reference templates can simply be produced with laboratory quality, the appropriate detectable parameters for the reference template then being recorded with a reference camera and stored in a data base. Even if procurement of the recording apparatus and the necessary software represents a certain monetary outlay, modified shades obtained in new materials or other types of shades can then be made available to the dentist or dental technician with no other measures required.
  • the accuracy of the comparison can be performed in accordance with the invention depending on the number of reference templates available in the data base such that differences are no longer visible.
  • the shade determination apparatus determines the layers in terms of material selection, layer thickness, and combination of materials for every section of the tooth or tooth restoration that is to be blended in with the analyzed natural tooth.
  • the dental laboratory obtains precise information about how the restoration should be performed. It is also possible to pre-select the complexity of each different stage. For instance, a switch can be provided for “complex” and “simple”, which switch then pre-specifies more complex or simpler layers, as desired.
  • An additional parameter that must be determined for the dentist's or dental technician's comparison to the reference template is the layer thickness that will be available to him for a restoration. In this case as well there is an automatic comparison with the best option, since the reference templates are available in different overall layer thicknesses so that the different shades can be taken into account and included automatically in the assessment.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective side elevation of a first reference template
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second reference template
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a third reference template
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a receiving sheath
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a view of a screen of a color analyzing apparatus in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another field partition in accordance with FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates two alternatives for horizontal partitioning
  • FIG. 8 illustrates variable fields for field partitioning
  • FIG. 9 illustrates vertical fields for field partitioning
  • FIG. 10 illustrates field partitioning with combined vertical and horizontal partitioning.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a reference template as an example of a plurality of similar reference templates with the same layer thickness, with different colorations in the individual layers.
  • the reference template 10 is formed as a circular tablet in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, but any other desired shapes can also be used. It has an overall thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • the reference template comprises three layers, i.e., an enamel material layer 12 of 0.2 mm, a dentine material layer 14 of 0.5 mm, and an opaque layer 16 of 0.1 mm.
  • reference templates are now manufactured in a plurality of combinations in this layer thickness and recorded by means of a digital camera.
  • the diameter of a reference template disk 10 is, e.g., 10 mm, that is, it is generally larger than a tooth in a labial or buccal view.
  • 24 reference templates can be produced in this layer structure that have different colorations for the three provided layers, i.e., enamel material 12 , dental material 14 , and opaque layer 16 .
  • the reference templates are produced from originals, e.g. from applicant's d.SIGN dental ceramics shade standards so that they correspond to the actual layers in the tooth.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a modified structure of a reference template.
  • the overall layer thickness of the reference template 10 in accordance with FIG. 2 is 1.3 mm. To facilitate illustration, the layer thicknesses in FIGS. 1 through 3 are exaggerated relative to the diameter of the reference template.
  • the enamel material 12 has a thickness of 0.3 mm. Adjacent thereto is a dentine material layer 14 in which the layer thickness is 0.4 mm. Adjacent thereto is a layer made of a deep dentine material 18 that also has a thickness of 0.4 mm. The bottom-most layer is again an opaque layer 16 with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • the reference templates can be applied to any desired base ceramic. Since the opaque layer already completely faces at a thickness of 0.1 mm, the base layer for assessing the reference template is unimportant in terms of optics.
  • reference templates concern facing or veneered ceramics that are provided for restorations on a metal framework
  • reference templates made of ceramics for non-metal restorations can also be produced.
  • applicant's Empress 2 ceramic product series can be used.
  • the reference template 10 from FIG. 1 is constructed with three layers, the reference template 10 in FIG. 2 has four layers.
  • the reference template 10 in FIG. 2 can consequently be considered more complex and the reference template 10 in FIG. 1 can be considered more simple.
  • FIG. 3 Another reference template 10 can be seen in FIG. 3; it has a minimum overall layer thickness of only 0.66 mm. Provided in this case is a combination of 0.12 mm enamel material 12 , 0.4 mm dentine material 14 , and 0.08 mm opaque layer 16 .
  • the reference templates are preferably analyzed in the same manner that the patient's teeth are later analyzed.
  • a covering sheath 20 illustrated in FIG. 4, that is black in color on the inside and that has a recess 22 that substantially corresponds to the labial or buccal view of a tooth.
  • the recess 22 is embodied in an end 24 of the sheath that is black on the inside, while the digital camera (not shown) is attached to the opposing end.
  • Such a covering sheath ( 20 ) not only fulfills the function of blocking out ambient light, it also ensures the correct distance between tooth and optics.
  • it houses one or more shade reference templates that can be arranged, e.g., adjacent to the incisal edge.
  • a cover in the shape of a tooth is some other type of cover, and in a further embodiment the shade reference template is positioned by means of an appropriate holder immediately below the incisal edge of the tooth.
  • reference shade fields 26 Lateral to the recess 22 , but clearly spaced therefrom, are provided a plurality of reference shade fields 26 that can be used for individual shade comparisons. It is important that these reference shades are extremely color-stable so that consideration should also be given to manufacturing them from ceramic materials.
  • the reference template is now placed on the other side of the recess 22 . It is larger than the recess 22 so that it covers the recess 22 completely.
  • a source of light is provided in the illustrated exemplary embodiment on the nearer side of the recess 22 . It can either be integrated into the cover sheath 20 or connected from outside, whereby the light then strikes the end 24 preferably via a mirror.
  • the light intensity is regulated, e.g. by the digital camera so that identical lighting is always maintained.
  • the reference templates e.g. a total of 1000 templates for the different materials in numerous different combinations of layer thicknesses and colorations, are now recorded successively and the values obtained for the various possible recorded parameters are stored in a data base and assigned to the reference template.
  • the data are made available to the dental laboratory or dental practice, together with an appropriate program and the digital camera and the covering sheath. Computers that are generally available anyway can be used.
  • the dentist now records the patient's tooth. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of such a recording.
  • the technician or dentist now decides whether a simple or complex layering should be used and what layer thickness is available.
  • the type of field partitions or partial images can also be selected.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates horizontal partitioning of a patient's tooth 28 .
  • the patient's tooth 28 is to be recorded in horizontal partial images as specified by the dentist.
  • a cervical partial image 30 that is overlaid over the tooth, a central partial image 32 , and an incisal partial image 34 .
  • the dentist indicates the layer thickness that is available to the dental technician.
  • various switch boxes 38 that make it possible to specify the layering as simple or complex, and that furthermore make it possible to indicate whether horizontal partitioning or vertical partitioning of partial images is desired, or whether freely produced partial images is desired.
  • a view with vertical partial images is illustrated in FIG. 6 .
  • the dentist can indicate fields across the tooth using a suitable indicating instrument.
  • a mean is calculated for each partial image and compared to the data base. The result can be seen in the results field 40 so that the material selection is specified in detail for the dental technician in terms of shade, layer thickness, layer sequence, etc.
  • the partial images 30 , 32 , and 34 can also be provided as vertical partial images.
  • the tooth in its entirety is integrated and the layer thickness is optimized according to a pre-specified template such that the incisal region has a larger dental enamel material portion and the cervical region has a larger dentine material portion.
  • the reference templates 10 can also be produced such that they are arched in order to also be able to record the edge effects of the teeth when recording via the covering sheath 20 .
  • Another option is to integrate an incisal edge library.
  • the dentist is provided suggested incisal edges that match the recording of the patient's tooth and that have been produced in a suitable manner and have been stored or even can be obtained from patient data.
  • the tooth or tooth restoration to be produced can also be overlaid with the patient's tooth in order to make a virtual restoration possible and thus to make possible enhanced assessment.
  • the shade determination apparatus is also permitted to perform the production of the teeth with CIM technology.
  • the shade determination apparatus in accordance with the invention it is provided to use a virtual paintbrush in a manner similar to existing image processing programs and to thus construct the tooth virtually.
  • a suitable material e.g. opaque material, dentine material, incisal material
  • the desired layer thickness is specified, and the region in which the material is to be built up is specified.
  • the shade obtained can be seen immediately on the screen.
  • construction can proceed layer by layer, whereby the resultant coloration and transparency effects are immediately visible. Since the natural sample (the recorded tooth) is in the immediate vicinity, the shade matching can be performed both visually and by comparing color parameters.
  • individual materials can also be exchanged and replaced with suitable materials until the desired effect has been achieved, whereby this technique can be used for crowns, bridges, and direct and indirect fillings.
  • FIGS. 7 through 10 illustrate different views of various field partition options, whereby in accordance with FIG. 10 horizontal and vertical partitions are combined.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
US09/821,567 2000-05-16 2001-03-29 Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations Expired - Lifetime US6499998B2 (en)

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US09/821,567 US6499998B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2001-03-29 Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations
US10/004,181 US6743014B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2001-10-31 Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations

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DE10023840 2000-05-16
DE10023840A DE10023840B4 (de) 2000-05-16 2000-05-16 Farbfestlegungsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Bestimmung und Festlegung von Farben für Zähne und Zahnrestaurationen
DEP10023840.8 2000-05-16
US21582900P 2000-07-03 2000-07-03
US09/821,567 US6499998B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2001-03-29 Shade determination apparatus and method for specifying and determining colors for teeth and dental restorations

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US20030224318A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Weinstein Steven P. Method and apparatus for communicating tooth characteristics and tooth restoration produced thereby
US20040224278A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-11-11 Zun Samuel K. Tooth color approximating system
US20050175949A1 (en) * 2004-01-19 2005-08-11 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Method and apparatus for using a display associated with a dental kiln
US20060147874A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-06 Touchstone C A Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
US20060177792A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-08-10 Touchstone C A Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
US20080160485A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-07-03 Touchstone C Alex Method and apparatus for selecting translucent dental materials
US20080199826A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Weitao Jia Dental Composite
US20100304323A1 (en) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 Gottfried Rohner Dental Color Key
USD736389S1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2015-08-11 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Milling blank
US9931188B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2018-04-03 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Dental color key
US10753734B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2020-08-25 Dentsply Sirona Inc. Device, method and system for generating dynamic projection patterns in a confocal camera

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US6971874B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-12-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental restorative formula selector and methods of use
US7064830B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2006-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Dental color imaging system
JP2008302076A (ja) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Olympus Corp 歯科用色見本および歯科用色見本ユニット
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WO2012128167A1 (ja) 2011-03-18 2012-09-27 株式会社トクヤマデンタル 象牙質用修復材料キット
DE102017203475A1 (de) * 2017-03-03 2018-09-06 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Konstruktion einer Restauration
JP7122927B2 (ja) * 2018-10-11 2022-08-22 クラレノリタケデンタル株式会社 コンピュータにより実行される方法、装置、システム、コンピュータプログラム、及び、記録媒体
DE102019201279A1 (de) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Unterstützungssystem zur Zahnbehandlung, insbesondere durch Verändern der Zahnfarbe
NL2022738B1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-18 Identiq Tandtechniek Method for providing a natural colour and optical depth to a tooth object
CN110652372B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2025-02-11 昆山耐上炯医疗器械有限公司 一种比色棒牙模成型件
WO2022129134A1 (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Estimating the thickness of rigid material in a tooth
CN121492351B (zh) * 2026-01-12 2026-03-31 苏州派克顿科技有限公司 渐变色牙齿修复体三维打印方法及系统

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Cited By (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040224278A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-11-11 Zun Samuel K. Tooth color approximating system
US20030224318A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Weinstein Steven P. Method and apparatus for communicating tooth characteristics and tooth restoration produced thereby
US6951459B2 (en) * 2002-05-28 2005-10-04 Weinstein Steven P Method and apparatus for communicating tooth characteristics and tooth restoration produced thereby
US20060084027A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2006-04-20 Weinstein Steven P Method and apparatus for communicating tooth characteristics and tooth restoration produced thereby
US20050175949A1 (en) * 2004-01-19 2005-08-11 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Method and apparatus for using a display associated with a dental kiln
US7001178B2 (en) 2004-01-19 2006-02-21 Ivoclar Vivadent A.G. Method and apparatus for using a display associated with a dental kiln
US7871268B2 (en) * 2005-01-06 2011-01-18 Touchstone C Alex Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
US7623942B2 (en) * 2005-01-06 2009-11-24 Touchstone C Alex Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
WO2006073485A3 (en) * 2005-01-06 2007-06-14 C Alex Touchstone Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
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US20060177792A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-08-10 Touchstone C A Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
US20060147874A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-06 Touchstone C A Method and apparatus for selecting non-opacious dental materials
EP2033594A1 (de) 2005-01-06 2009-03-11 Alex Touchstone Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Auswahl von nichtopaken Dentalmaterialien
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US20080199826A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Weitao Jia Dental Composite
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ATE279162T1 (de) 2004-10-15
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US20010049082A1 (en) 2001-12-06
CA2343675A1 (en) 2001-11-16
DE10023840B4 (de) 2004-01-22
DE50104071D1 (de) 2004-11-18
EP1155663A2 (de) 2001-11-21
JP3875512B2 (ja) 2007-01-31
CA2343675C (en) 2005-07-05
EP1155663A3 (de) 2003-02-05
EP1155663B1 (de) 2004-10-13

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