US6583628B2 - Process and device to determine malfunctioning detectors acting as current sinks in a danger signaling system - Google Patents

Process and device to determine malfunctioning detectors acting as current sinks in a danger signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US6583628B2
US6583628B2 US09/736,058 US73605800A US6583628B2 US 6583628 B2 US6583628 B2 US 6583628B2 US 73605800 A US73605800 A US 73605800A US 6583628 B2 US6583628 B2 US 6583628B2
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Prior art keywords
detectors
control centre
detector
voltage
switch
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Expired - Lifetime, expires
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US09/736,058
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US20010011892A1 (en
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Gerhard Röpke
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DETECTOMAT GmbH
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Job Lizenz GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/018—Sensor coding by detecting magnitude of an electrical parameter, e.g. resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process and device to determine malfunctioning detectors acting as current sinks in a danger signaling system.
  • Danger signaling systems e.g. fire alarm installations, as a rule, include a major number of danger detectors which are connected to a two-wire signaling line. This one may be conceived as a stub-end feeder or a ring circuit via which the individual detectors communicate with a control centre. Each detector has a sensor or the like which, in dependence on parameters in its bypass, produces measured values which are transferred to the control centre through the line. In order to associate the measured values with the individual detectors, it is necessary to assign an identifier or address to each detector. This one is saved in a non-volatile memory.
  • a process has become known for an anti-malfunction evaluation of an alarm in a signaling line of a danger signaling system wherein signaling-line states are evaluated in a control centre by means of a window discriminator disposed in the control centre.
  • a disturbance-variable mask-out digital device connected downstream of the window discriminator, upon appearance of the threshold signal, periodically checks over a preset period whether the threshold signal still is applied. Not until this preset time has lapsed an output signal is provided to a detector evaluation device where the test procedure is discontinued once the event disappears and is re-started once a new threshold signal is applied.
  • the known process is unsuitable for a bidirectional digital transfer at a high data frequency.
  • each detector has a transfer device, a measured-value memory, an address memory, and a voltage measuring device as well as a switch between the wires of the signaling line.
  • the control centre applies a high voltage to the line, which supplies the detectors with energy by charging a capacitor.
  • a short-circuiting voltage is applied to the line, which causes all detectors the address memories of which are empty to short out the line by means of their switch.
  • a measuring current is impressed into the line and the voltage which will thereby drop on the first detector with its switch closed is determined by the voltage measuring device.
  • a fourth phase an interrogation voltage is applied to the line, which causes the detector the measured-value memory of which is occupied, but the address memory of which is empty, to become capable of communication and to be assigned an address by the control centre, which address is saved in the address memory. This operation is repeated often enough until all detectors have been provided with addresses.
  • a danger signaling system which includes a multiplicity of detectors which are connected, via at least one multi-wire looped circuit common to several detectors, to a control centre cyclically interrogating the detectors from one interrogation end of the looped circuit.
  • the control centre applies a line voltage, which cyclically changes for a chain synchronization of the detectors, to the interrogation end of the looped circuit.
  • Each detector comprises line voltage monitoring means as well as a switch controlled by the line voltage monitoring means in series with one of the wires of the looped circuit wherein the switch closes with a delay following a change in the synchronisation of the line voltage and provides a signaling information pulse to the interrogation end of the looped circuit.
  • the control centre and/or the detectors comprise line malfunction monitoring means responding to wire breakage and/or wire short-circuit of the looped circuit and the control centre interrogates the detector from the two ends of the looped circuit in case of a line malfunction.
  • the control centre already in the same cycle in which line malfunction monitoring means detect the line malfunction for the first time in case of an interrogation from one of the two interrogation ends, also interrogates the looped circuit from the other of the two interrogation ends.
  • a danger signaling system of this type in spite of a contingent line malfunction, is supposed to allow for an interrogation of all detectors with no need to extend the stretch of cycle time required therefor.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the detectors of danger signaling systems usually operate with modulated current and, hence, constitute current sinks. It is to be understood in this case that malfunctions which, in turn, cause current sinks can affect communication already when the malfunction is in the order of the amplitude of the data transferred.
  • the inventive process is not designed to detect the short-circuit of a detector, for which purpose other, simple processes can be imagined, but to detect those detector malfunctions which mostly occur because of long-term operation and interfere with the communication of data to such an extent that their smooth transfer is no longer possible, at least from the detector to the control centre. If such a malfunction has occurred in a detector in a line it is apparent that any communication with the detectors which are arranged on the side facing away from the malfunctioning detector is no longer satisfactory or also has a malfunction.
  • the inventive process is applicable in a particularly advantageous manner to transfer systems according to the master-and-slave principle. It is to be understood that other transfer systems would be usable as well as far as the detectors of the danger signaling system act as current sinks when in operation.
  • the control centre ascertains that faulty data arrive at the control centre because of an interrogation of a detector.
  • the control centre emits a voltage signal, which preferably is a voltage-modulated data word, to the signaling line.
  • This causes all detectors to close their switches.
  • the recognition of the respective data word is effected via the measuring resistor and the evaluation unit, which can be constituted by a logic circuit. This one controls the switch, e.g. a FET, and closes it. This causes the signaling line to be short-circuited at the location of each the detector.
  • the control centre impresses the signaling line with a preset current which, however, can only be measured on the nearest detector at hand, i.e. the first detector, via its measuring resistor. Moreover, the power input of the detector is measured. The current rating is saved in a measured-value memory and is compared to a preset maximum current. If the current measured is smaller than the maximum and the impressed current is determined via the measuring resistor the evaluation device generates an opening signal for the switch. This causes a voltage jump which can be evaluated by means of a voltage measuring device in the control centre to the effect that the first detector, as seen from the control centre, has a power input in the admissible range.
  • the same procedure may now be adopted from the other end of the ring circuit up to the malfunctioning detector. However, if it is an individual stub-end feeder the malfunction test described could be discontinued. However, it can also be imagined, after a preset second period, to give an instruction to open the switch to the detector the switch of which has remained closed. After this, the test procedure described can be performed up to its end or up to another detector which constitutes an inadmissible current sink.
  • control centre following the arrival of faulty data, provides the signaling line with a malfunction information which is inscribed in a malfunction memory of all detectors. Then, if the control centre gives the instruction that all switches should be closed it will be ascertained in the respective detectors whether the malfunction memory is occupied. However, the switch will be closed only if the malfunction memory is occupied.
  • a detector provides a malfunction signal to a malfunction memory unless it receives an interrogation signal from the control centre within a preset interval.
  • the operation of danger signaling systems usually is such that the individual detectors are cyclically interrogated for their state and do not arbitrarily send signals to the control centre. Therefore, it is possible, in each detector, to install a circuit which ascertains whether an interrogation has taken place within a preset period. This is easily the case for detectors which include a microprocessor and, hence, may be programmed accordingly.
  • the detector saves a malfunction signal in its malfunction memory and, if a reply signal is not received, the control centre emits a voltage signal (a data word) by which the malfunction memories of the detectors capable of reception are occupied. This will then cause an occupation all malfunction memories of the detectors in a signaling circuit or an individual stub-end feeder and an identification of the malfunctioning detectors may commence.
  • the control centre generates a voltage signal, e.g. by applying a certain voltage or switching off the supply voltage and switching it on again. This will be interpreted by the detectors to the effect that their switches need to be closed.
  • the further course of the process equals the one according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • An advantageous circuit arrangement for a danger signaling system for the implementation of the process according to the first and second aspects of the invention is set forth here.
  • danger signaling systems in which the individual detectors exhibit the switches interconnecting the wires of a signaling line, it will also be possible to disconnect detectors acting as inadmissible current sinks from a line.
  • So-called short-circuit disconnectors are known as such.
  • the threshold value to make such short-circuit disconnectors respond cannot be chosen to be so low that malfunctioning detectors which sink an inadmissibly high current are automatically disconnected from the line. Therefore, an aspect of the invention provides that the power input of the detectors be measured and be compared to a setpoint value, in which detectors a malfunction signal is saved in the memory.
  • the control centre may ascertain a malfunction because no reply signal is received as a detector may also ascertain its malfunction or a malfunction in the line if it has not received any interrogation signal within a cycle. If a current rating comparison reveals that the power input of a detector exceeds a preset value a short-circuit will be created between the wires of the signaling line by closing the mentioned switch. The short-circuit is maintained for a time sufficiently long to reach the response threshold value of the short-circuit disconnecting member which then will break at least one of the wires.
  • At least 32 detectors are required to be disposed between two successive short-circuit disconnecting members. If a detector acting as an inadmissible current sink in this way is located between two short-circuit disconnecting members a response of the two adjoining disconnecting members is provoked by means of the short-circuit current generated.
  • the capacitor which anyhow exists in the detectors serves as a source of energy for maintaining the switching functions of the detector even following the closure of the switch up to the activation of the two short-circuit disconnecting members.
  • all detectors which are located between the control centre and the first short-circuit disconnecting member opening its switch may be caused to resume the data traffic with the control centre and, hence, to assume their monitoring function. If a detector ring circuit is installed it will even be possible, in case of an incoming supply from two sides, to separate out a line portion each including the detectors interfering with the data traffic, which is located at the incoming-supply ends of the control centre or is located in the intermediate portion of the ring circuit. All line portions with intact detectors may continue to perform their functions or can be caused to do so.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit arrangement of a danger signaling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a signaling structure of the danger signaling system of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a signaling structure similar to that of FIG. 1, but including short-circuit disconnecting members between a number of detectors each.
  • a control centre Z ( 12 ) is illustrated in a danger signaling system, e.g. a fire-alarm installation, to which a transfer line is connected via the wires A ( 14 ) and B ( 16 ).
  • the transfer line may be a stub-end feeder or a ring circuit as is known as such.
  • the control centre has a voltage supply in the shape of a power supply unit NT ( 18 ), a microprocessor ⁇ C ( 20 ), a constant-current source K ( 22 ), a modulator M ( 24 ), and a voltage measuring device VM ( 26 ). Reference is made to the function of the individual components farther below.
  • FIG. 1 merely shows two detectors M 1 ( 30 ) and M 2 ( 32 ). Each of them includes a resistor Rm 1 ( 34 ) and Rm 2 ( 36 ), respectively, in the course of a wire, a capacitor C 1 ( 38 ), C 2 ( 40 ) in series with a diode D 1 ( 42 ) and D 2 ( 44 ), respectively, between the wires, a controllable switch SK 1 ( 46 ) and SK 2 ( 48 ), respectively, a pulse receiver PE ( 50 ), a logic circuit L ( 52 ), a malfunction memory SP ( 54 ), a measured-value memory MSP ( 56 ), and a voltage measuring device IM ( 58 ).
  • each of the latter components is connected to the logic circuit and the switch SK 1 is driven by the logic circuit L.
  • the measuring device IM measures the power input of each detector M 1 , M 2 .
  • each detector includes a number of further components which are required to operate it. However, detailed reference is not made to these as this is unnecessary for an identification of a malfunctioning detector.
  • the control centre Z ascertains that the voltage-modulated data from the control centre Z arrive at the detectors M 1 , M 2 . . . , but the current-modulated data of the detectors M 1 , M 2 are corrupted or, in parts, are not received owing to too high a power input. It is possible to inscribe this malfunction information in the malfunction memory SP via an operation the details of which are not described either and which is known from the state of the art.
  • a current measurement takes place in the measuring device IM, which can be run automatically or following an instruction by the control centre Z.
  • the current rating measured is saved in the measured-value memory MSP by means of the logic circuit L.
  • the control centre Z by way of a voltage-modulated data word, sends an instruction to the detectors M 1 , M 2 . . . in order that these close their switches SK 1 , SK 2 .
  • the capacitor C serves as an energy store for the operation of the components (not shown) and the implementation of the process steps which follow:
  • the signaling line is impressed, from the control centre Z, by a current which, however, generates a voltage drop only on Rm 1 because the remaining detectors are in a short-circuit.
  • the current can be measured via the pulse receiver PE and its information is sent on to the logic circuit L.
  • the logic circuit now ascertains whether a current is measured and, in addition, whether the current rating measured which is saved in the measured-value memory MSP is below or above a programmed maximum current rating.
  • the logic circuit L will open the memory SK 1 associated therewith. This causes the control centre Z to experience a voltage jump which can be evaluated by means of the voltage measuring device VM to the effect that the first detector M 1 has a power input within the admissible range. Opening the switch SK 1 will now generate a measurable voltage via the resistor Rm 2 .
  • the logic circuit L does not generate any signal to open the switch SK 2 and, hence, any voltage jump on the terminals of the control centre Z. This can be evaluated by the control centre Z to the effect that the second detector SK 2 constitutes an inadmissible current sink and, thus, the cause of the malfunction of communication in the data traffic.
  • the detectors M 1 , M 2 . . . it can be ascertained whether the detectors receive interrogation signals from the control centre Z according to a preset cycle. If this is not the case because of the malfunctioning communication a malfunction signal is saved in the malfunction memory SP. Furthermore, the current is also measured and saved in the measurement memory. In spite of generating an interrogation signal, the control centre Z does not receive any reply from the detector concerned and concludes therefrom that there is a malfunction. Now, the control centre Z provides a data word to the line. This will then occupy all malfunction memories which were not yet occupied before. Subsequently, a voltage signal is generated by the control centre.
  • an appropriate circuit e.g. that of a microprocessor
  • a detector is shown which substantially has the same components as the detectors M 1 and M 2 of FIG. 1 .
  • a logic circuit switch L 60
  • an integrated A/D converter 62
  • the “components” shown here are those of a microprocessor which commonly is installed in the detector and the A/D converter of which and the program of which compare the voltages dropping on the measuring resistor to preset digital values. The data word ensuing therefrom is interpreted accordingly.
  • the control centre has been omitted.
  • the individual detectors M 1 , M 2 in their structure, correspond to the detectors M 1 , M 2 in FIG. 1 . Therefore, no further detailed reference will be made thereto here.
  • each disconnecting member TR has a switch ST ( 66 ), which is arranged in the wire A of the signaling line. Naturally, a switch can only be provided either in the wire B or also in both wires.
  • each disconnecting member includes a circuit component LTR ( 68 ) which will respond if the current in the wire exceeds a preset rating, which will then cause the switch ST to be opened.
  • a corresponding malfunction signal is saved in the malfunction memory SP.
  • a current measurement is effected via the current measuring device IM.
  • the current measurement may also be caused by the control centre. If the logic circuit finds out that the rating measured for the power input exceeds a preset maximum the switch SK 1 or SK 2 is closed and a short-circuit current will flow in the line and, in any case, will reach the threshold value of the disconnecting members TR. Hence, these will separate out the detected portion lying between them from the line, after which the remaining portions may continue to be operated.
  • the capacitor which anyhow exists in the detectors serves as a source of energy in order to maintain the switching functions of the detector even after the closure of the switch up to the activation of the two short-circuit disconnecting members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US09/736,058 1999-12-15 2000-12-13 Process and device to determine malfunctioning detectors acting as current sinks in a danger signaling system Expired - Lifetime US6583628B2 (en)

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DE19960422.4 1999-12-15
DE19960422A DE19960422C1 (de) 1999-12-15 1999-12-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von als Stromsenken wirkenden gestörten Meldern in einer Gefahrenmeldeanlage
DE19960422 1999-12-15

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US6583628B2 true US6583628B2 (en) 2003-06-24

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EP (1) EP1109143B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1142531C (de)
AT (1) ATE268490T1 (de)
DE (2) DE19960422C1 (de)
ES (1) ES2219249T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1109143E (de)

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US6838999B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2005-01-04 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for automatically allocating detector addresses in an alarm system
US20050156729A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2005-07-21 Joachim Schmidl Safety alert device
US20080150741A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2008-06-26 Gerhard Koida Device for Detecting Current-Impressed Signals in Security Systems
US20100232080A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Separating device having an energy storage for an energy-conducting electric lead
US20120136541A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Denso Corporation Communication system for a passenger protection system
US9912222B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2018-03-06 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Circuit configuration and system of capacitors
US11328580B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2022-05-10 Autronica Fire & Security As Testing of a network of hazard warning devices

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DE502005000823D1 (de) * 2005-02-07 2007-07-19 Siemens Schweiz Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Position von Geräten einer Gefahrenmeldeanlage
DE102006055887A1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-05-29 Beckhoff Automation Gmbh Kommunikationssystem mit einer Master-Slave-Struktur
US8122159B2 (en) * 2009-01-16 2012-02-21 Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Determining addresses of electrical components arranged in a daisy chain
US8461782B2 (en) * 2009-08-27 2013-06-11 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Linear or rotational motor driver identification
DE102009060418A1 (de) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Minimax GmbH & Co. KG, 23843 Prüfeinrichtung für Gefahrenmeldeanlagen
GB2484288A (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-11 Thorn Security Isolator Circuit for detector
US8861337B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2014-10-14 Tesla Motors, Inc. Robust communications in electrically noisy environments
EP2804163B1 (de) * 2013-05-17 2015-09-16 Minimax GmbH & Co KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Störungserkennung auf Steuerleitungen in Gefahrenmelde- und Steuerungssystemen
US9634715B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-04-25 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Signaling between master and slave components using a shared communication node of the master component
US9787495B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-10-10 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Signaling between master and slave components using a shared communication node of the master component
US9172565B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-10-27 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Signaling between master and slave components using a shared communication node of the master component
EP3404928B1 (de) * 2017-05-19 2020-11-25 Safco Engineering S.p.A. Verbesserte elektronische vorrichtung für die steuerung von feuer sensoren.
US10747708B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2020-08-18 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Communication system between electronic devices
WO2019242863A1 (en) 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Autronica Fire & Security As System and method for startup of a detector loop
DE102018118057A1 (de) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-30 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh System zur automatisch überwachten Fahrzeugzustandssignalisierung und Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Fahrzeugzustandssignalisierungsvorrichtung
CN113533881B (zh) * 2021-06-25 2022-11-18 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种用于10kV架空钢芯铝绞线断线故障的模拟装置

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6838999B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2005-01-04 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for automatically allocating detector addresses in an alarm system
US20050156729A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2005-07-21 Joachim Schmidl Safety alert device
US7317391B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2008-01-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Safety alert device
US20080150741A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2008-06-26 Gerhard Koida Device for Detecting Current-Impressed Signals in Security Systems
US7982597B2 (en) * 2004-02-09 2011-07-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for detecting current-impressed signals in security systems
US20100232080A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Separating device having an energy storage for an energy-conducting electric lead
US20120136541A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Denso Corporation Communication system for a passenger protection system
US8996256B2 (en) * 2010-11-25 2015-03-31 Denso Corporation Communication system for a passenger protection system
US9912222B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2018-03-06 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Circuit configuration and system of capacitors
US11328580B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2022-05-10 Autronica Fire & Security As Testing of a network of hazard warning devices

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DE19960422C1 (de) 2001-01-25
US20010011892A1 (en) 2001-08-09
HK1039392A1 (en) 2002-04-19
CN1142531C (zh) 2004-03-17
EP1109143A2 (de) 2001-06-20
ES2219249T3 (es) 2004-12-01
ATE268490T1 (de) 2004-06-15
PT1109143E (pt) 2004-08-31
EP1109143A3 (de) 2002-08-14
EP1109143B1 (de) 2004-06-02
DE50006677D1 (de) 2004-07-08
CN1307321A (zh) 2001-08-08

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