US7560698B2 - Medical imaging unit - Google Patents

Medical imaging unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US7560698B2
US7560698B2 US11/897,559 US89755907A US7560698B2 US 7560698 B2 US7560698 B2 US 7560698B2 US 89755907 A US89755907 A US 89755907A US 7560698 B2 US7560698 B2 US 7560698B2
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patient
imaging unit
medical imaging
operable
pet
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US11/897,559
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US20080061241A1 (en
Inventor
Eike Rietzel
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RIETZEL, EIKE
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G01T1/1611—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting using both transmission and emission sources sequentially
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/037—Emission tomography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4417—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to combined acquisition of different diagnostic modalities
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
    • A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/4808—Multimodal MR, e.g. MR combined with positron emission tomography [PET], MR combined with ultrasound or MR combined with computed tomography [CT]
    • G01R33/481—MR combined with positron emission tomography [PET] or single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]

Definitions

  • the present embodiments relate to a medical imaging unit having a tomography device for 3D imaging and having a PET system for positron emission tomography.
  • DE 103 39 493 discloses a PET-CT scanner.
  • US 2003/0014132 discloses a PET unit.
  • positron emission tomography a patient is injected with a tracer, such as 18 F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose), by mixing a radionuclide that has a comparatively short half-life with a carrier substance.
  • the tracer accumulates in certain organs and cellular tissues and decomposes, emitting positrons. The enrichment may occur in active cancer cells.
  • a positron liberated (emitted) in the process of radioactive decomposition interacts with an electron, whereupon both particles are destroyed and two gamma quanta, with an energy of 511 keV each, are emitted in diametrically opposite directions.
  • annihilation quanta may be proven to exist with spatial and chronological resolution in a detector ring, surrounding the object of the examination, such as the patient.
  • the ring includes one or more gamma detectors located adjacent one another that may be read out individually.
  • the site of the electron-positron annihilation, on which the counter events are each based may be ascertained along the imaginary line between the signal-emitting detector elements, known as the line of response.
  • the emission of the gamma radiation takes place isotropically. All the directions of emission of gamma radiation, statistically, are equally probable. From a statistically significant large number of counter events, the spatial frequency distribution of the radioactive decomposition processes and the distribution of the tracer in the body may be derived. From this kind of 3D volumetric data set, arbitrary two-dimensional PET slice images may be generated.
  • PET is a functional imaging process that may reproduce and display biochemical and physiological processes in the organism. PET provides analysis of the metabolism. PET may be used to find tumors and metastases and to assess perfusion of the heart muscle. PET has a local resolution (approximately 5 mm), which generally cannot be increased without additional radiation exposure. PET does not provide good anatomical images, and thus the spatial localization and association of the loci of disease found presents difficulties.
  • PET and CT scanners are becoming increasingly popular, especially in radiation therapy.
  • the tracers injected in a PET examination accumulate in tumors and metastases, for example, and thus make the tumers and metastates easier to locate.
  • a CT scanner provides anatomical information
  • the PET unit provides functional information, for example, about cellular activities and metabolic processes in a target volume.
  • both geometric and functional information about the turner or metastates may be used for determining the target region, when planning for radiation therapy.
  • DE 10 2005 048 853 discloses a combination of a PET unit with a 3D X-ray system, such as a cone beam CT scanner.
  • the PET unit and the 3D X-ray system are, for example, located side by side, so that a patient lying on a patient examination or treatment table may be moved in succession to the two imaging units.
  • the same patient mount may be used both in radiation planning and for the radiation; for example, structurally identical patient mounts are used. Using the same patient mount increases the precision in radiation therapy, since mechanical imprecision's are the same in both cases.
  • a combination PET and tomography device includes a robotic patient positioning device that may be used for radiation planning and for radiation treatment.
  • a detector ring system of a PET system has an angular region without detector elements.
  • the PET system has an open, not closed, detector ring.
  • a patient mounting element such as a robot arm engaging a patient examination or treatment table may be introduced into the opening of the detector ring system.
  • the ring may be a split ring, or it may have a recess with a supporting connection provided at a sufficient distance.
  • the patient mounting element such as a stretcher (support) or patient examination or treatment table, may be positioned in the PET system or in the tomography device for the 3D imaging.
  • a patient mounting device may include the patient mounting element and the stretcher.
  • a patient may lie on the stretcher.
  • a support for example, with a robotic patient mounting system, may be moved to inside the tomography device through the open angular region.
  • the PET system may be located in front of the tomography device from the standpoint of the patient.
  • the medical imaging unit includes a patient mounting device for introducing a patient both into the PET unit and into the tomography device.
  • This patient mounting device includes the patient mounting element.
  • the recess in the detector ring is adapted to the size of the patient mounting element.
  • the patient mounting element may be moved into the recess in the non-closed detector ring system when positioning the patient.
  • the patient mounting device may include a stretcher or support, which is suitable for use in a radiation therapy system, such as a particle therapy system.
  • the opening of the PET system may be under, laterally under, or laterally next to the patient examination or treatment table.
  • the location of the opening of the PET system depends on the engagement point on the stretcher.
  • the medical imaging unit has a PET system with at least one foldable detector segment.
  • the at least one foldable detector segment covers the open angular region and folds to the side for an X-ray examination.
  • a detector element may also be slidable, or it may be insertable into the open angular region and removable from it again in some other way.
  • the tomography device may be, for example, a CT scanner, cone beam CT scanner, or magnetic resonance tomography device.
  • a medical imaging unit may be used to obtain image data sets for radiation therapy planning and/or for position verification in a radiation therapy system.
  • the medical imaging unit may use the above-described embodiments, principles, or description to obtain the image data sets.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a medical imaging unit with a PET system and a tomography device
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a medical imaging unit with a PET system and a C-arm X-ray system
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a PET system with foldable detector elements in the folded-up and unfolded state
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a PET system with a laterally disposed opening.
  • a medical imaging unit 1 may include a PET system 3 and a tomography device 5 , such as an X-ray or magnetic resonance computed tomography device.
  • the PET system 3 has a detector ring, which is not completely closed.
  • the detector ring includes a ring opening.
  • the ring opening is a free angular region that may be oriented downward.
  • the PET system may also include a central opening.
  • the central opening is generally surrounded by the detector ring.
  • the ring opening is a passage from outside the detector ring to the central opening.
  • a stretcher 9 may pass from outside of the detector ring to the central opening with a portion of a support of the stretcher 9 passing through the ring opening.
  • a patient 7 lying on a stretcher 9 , may be examined with the tomography device 5 using the ring opening of the PET unit 3 .
  • a support arm e.g., robot arm
  • a connecting element 13 below the stretcher 9 e.g., patient support
  • Support systems e.g., robots
  • radiation therapy may be used for patient positioning in examination using the medical imaging unit 1 .
  • the ring opening in the PET unit 3 is at least wide enough (for example, approximately 10 to 20 cm) that the support arm fits through it, and/or wide enough (for example, approximately 40 to 60 cm) that the stretcher 9 fits through it to its full width.
  • a connection may be provided in the ring opening region.
  • the connection may be located on the side toward the tomography device.
  • the connection may be embodied such that it leaves enough space available, for example, for the support arm, as a connecting element, to be introduced.
  • a cone beam CT scanner 15 (e.g., a C-arm X-ray system) may be used with the PET system.
  • a cone beam CT scanner has great flexibility. The flexibility of the cone beam CT scanner may be used in combination with a PET unit 30 and a robot patient mount 11 ′ with a stretcher 9 ′.
  • a PET system 33 may include two foldable detector segments 17 , which may be introduced as needed into the ring opening in the PET system 33 , for example, below the stretcher 9 ′′.
  • one foldable detector segment may be used, for example, via a displacement mechanism.
  • a single, for example, foldable, detector segment may bridge the ring opening in the detector ring.
  • the detector area that is normally lacking because of the ring opening may be supplemented as needed.
  • FIG. 3 shows the closed situation.
  • FIG. 4 shows the operating state with detector elements folded to the side.
  • a PET system 35 includes an open angular region located laterally.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
US11/897,559 2006-09-11 2007-08-31 Medical imaging unit Expired - Fee Related US7560698B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006042572.3 2006-09-11
DE102006042572A DE102006042572A1 (de) 2006-09-11 2006-09-11 Bildgebende medizinische Einheit

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US7560698B2 true US7560698B2 (en) 2009-07-14

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US (1) US7560698B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1898234B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE464579T1 (de)
DE (2) DE102006042572A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2340959T3 (de)

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US9205281B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2015-12-08 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for emission guided radiation therapy
US9283403B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2016-03-15 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for use in emission guided radiation therapy
US9661736B2 (en) 2014-02-20 2017-05-23 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Scanning system for a particle therapy system
US9962560B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2018-05-08 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Collimator and energy degrader
US9962306B2 (en) 2013-02-06 2018-05-08 Gkteso Gmbh Arrangement for preparing and positioning patients to be treated and/or cared for medically
US10258810B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2019-04-16 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Particle beam scanning
US10500416B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2019-12-10 Reflexion Medical, Inc. High bandwidth binary multi-leaf collimator design
US10603515B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2020-03-31 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for fault detection in emission-guided radiotherapy
US10646728B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2020-05-12 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Adaptive aperture
US10653892B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2020-05-19 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Configurable collimator controlled using linear motors
US10675487B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-06-09 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Energy degrader enabling high-speed energy switching
US10695586B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2020-06-30 Reflexion Medical, Inc. System for emission-guided high-energy photon delivery
US10702715B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2020-07-07 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Radiation therapy patient platform
US10795037B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2020-10-06 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Methods for pet detector afterglow management
US10918884B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2021-02-16 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Fluence map generation methods for radiotherapy
US10925147B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2021-02-16 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Treatment planning
US11103730B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2021-08-31 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Automated treatment in particle therapy
US11291861B2 (en) 2019-03-08 2022-04-05 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Delivery of radiation by column and generating a treatment plan therefor
US11369806B2 (en) 2017-11-14 2022-06-28 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for patient monitoring for radiotherapy
US11406846B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2022-08-09 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Methods for radiation delivery in emission-guided radiotherapy
US11504550B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2022-11-22 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Radiation therapy systems and methods with tumor tracking

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JP6842694B2 (ja) * 2017-02-20 2021-03-17 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構 部分リングｐｅｔ装置及びｐｅｔ装置
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US9820700B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2017-11-21 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for emission guided radiation therapy
US10327716B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2019-06-25 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for emission guided radiation therapy
US9205281B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2015-12-08 Reflexion Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for emission guided radiation therapy
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ATE464579T1 (de) 2010-04-15
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US20080061241A1 (en) 2008-03-13
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