US763851A - Heating-stove. - Google Patents

Description

No. 763,851. a PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

E. R OAHOONE.

HEATING STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1903.

NO MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET l I WITNESSES INVEI W Ewart/J? e a/zoom No. 763,851. PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

E. R. GAHOONB.

HEATING STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED my 29, 1903.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

7 I a I F n i 70 I 73 33 2 I I: MM 24 84 WITNESSES INVENTOR 170 0171,]? Qz/zoolbti N0 MODEL.

PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904. E. R. GAHOONB.

HEATING STOVE.

APPLICATION rmm my 29, 1eos.-

4 sums-sum a.

No. 763,851. PATENTED JUNE 28,190

E. R. GAHOONB.

HEATING STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1903.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- UNITED STATES Patented June 28, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

HEATING-STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 7 63,851, dated June 28, 1904:.

Application filed May 29,1903. Serial No. 159,320. (No model.)

To all whom) it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWIN R. CAHOONE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heating-Stoves, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in heating-stoves, and more particularly to the type wherein air is introduced to the bottom of the fuel and is drawn through the same, and simultaneously air is introduced above the fuel, the two air-currents meeting and mixing with the products of combustion.

The object of the invention is to provide an air-heating chamber in the stove structure at a convenient point, preferably near the top, and lead ducts therefrom, whereby the air is heated in the chamber and is introduced in this state to the under side of the fuel, where it is drawn through the same by the draft.

A further object of the invention is to introduce air through a tube or the like to the top of the fuel to mix and force the rising gases back into the incandescent mass of fuel to be'met and mixed with the heated air introduced from the bottom.

The two currents of heated air attacking the fuel at different points, one serving to mix the other with the liberated gases, has been found to possess decided advantages. Newly-generated gas has a natural tendency to ascend, and if its temperature can be maintained and forced back into the sphere of incandescence obviously ignition will take place. Furthermore, to more thoroughly ignite and mix the rising gas I introduce air currents intermediate the downwardly and upwardly introduced air.

I am aware the broad principle asthus so forth has heretofore been attempted, butin each instance known to me failure has come about through lack of properly attacking the fuel at the proper points. I will therefore proceed to describe the'details of construction of my invention and point out several of the advantages resulting therefrom.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved heating-stove. Fig. 2

is a vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line A A of Fig. 2. Fig. 4c is a detail perspective view of a skirt and its air-heating chamber. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line B B, Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of the stovetop. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the endof a tube extension. Fig. 8 is a similar View of the lower end of the tube.

The numeral 1 represents the stove-base; 2, the casing; 3, the top; a, the feed-door therein, and 5 an ornamental swinging cover fitting on the top 3.

An air-heating chamber is indicated at 7 and is fastened to the inside of and at the upper portion of the casing 2 and in the present instance to the front thereof. This chamber is supplied with air from the atmosphere through a series of openings 8, and these openings are regulated by a damper 9. The chamber 7 extends approximately halfway around the stove, although I do not desire to be limited in this respect, and it is provided with two depending ducts 10 10, and in the casing intermediate these ducts a window 11 is fitted to afford convenient means for the operator to note the condition of the fire.

What I shall term a skirt 12 surrounds the interior of the casing, and it is provided with ducts 13 13, which are in alinement and register with the ducts of the chamber 7. The skirt fits the casing tight at its upper edge, and from there toward the bottom it inclines in toward the center, forming an annular space 12 adjacent to and communicating with the ducts 13 13. At the bottom of the skirt/is a flange 16, having a slight ridge 17, on which is supported the fire-pot 18. The fire-pot has a flange 19 at its upper end, and its under side is provided with a number of grooves 20,

while the extension 21 of the flange 19 is fluted, as at 22. The diameter of the flange The grate 23 is suitably supported at the bottom of the fire-pot on standards 24, rising from the base 1, and the ash-pit is closed against admission of air by a door 25.

In the top 3 is an opening 28, surrounded by a depending flange 29, provided with two steps 30 and 31. The step 30 supports a flange 32 of a tube 33, which is somewhat tapered and is of varying diameters. The lower end of the tube is provided with a pair of diametrically-arranged lugs 33, which are adapted to cooperate with seats formed in an extension 34. The extension tapers somewhat and is provided with a contracted end 35, while at its upper end it is provided with two sets of seats 36. These seats have retaining-flanges 37 adjacent horizontal grooves 38, the latter communicating with vertical grooves 39, forming, with the lugs 33, bayonet-joints adapted to lock the extension-tube 34 at two levels. The function of this adjustment should be apparent. It has been found by practical demonstrations with a tube which extends near the fire in upburning stoves that the lower end of said tube soon becomes burned out and a new one has to be provided. In this structure, however, when the bottom of the extension is destroyed the lugs 33 are removed from the lower set of seats and placed in the upper seats 36. When the extension becomes again and further destroyed after it has been lowered, obviously another one must be provided. The nature and advantage attendant upon making a tube in two sections, whereby one section may be telescoped within the other, that the tube may be lengthened when less fuel is needed when burned out and the equivalent of a new tube supplied when found necessary to furnish a new extension, should be fully appreciated. The cost of an extension 34 is extremely small compared with the outlay incident to a complete tube. Moreover, the extension has at least twice the life of an integral tube. A dome 31 is either cast with or detachably secured to the extension, and its function is to cause the rising products of combustion to be deflected and thrown back toward the fuel-bed. Furthermore,this dome assists in mixing the gases, in that they are turned back into the draft escaping toward the exit-flue and are heating and to a considerable extent ignited.

If the fuel is to be fed from the top, as shown in the drawings, the front of the dome will be cut away, as at 31", while if fuel is introduced in the stove side this cut-away portion will not be required.

A damper-plate 40, having suitable openings, is supported on the step 31, and in an annular seat 42 in the plate 40 is a damper 43, pivoted at 44 and provided with a handle 45.

In operation fuel is placed in the fire-pot and the dampers are adjusted accordingly.

Consider first the air entering the chamber 7 The proper volume of air entering the chamber is regulated by the damper 9, and as the inlets of the damper are of considerablylarger area than that of the outlets of the ducts 13 and as the draft through the smoke-exit 46 is continuous obviously the volume of air in the chamber will lag, during which time it is being heated to a very high degree of temperature. This highly-heated air is now drawn down the ducts 10 13 into the space 12, formed between the skirt 12 and the casing 2, where it is disseminated under the grate, being in the meantime further heated before it is drawn up through the body of the fuel. It is to be noted that the air-chamber 7 is placed on the opposite side of the stove to that of the exitflue. Hence the air delivered to the fuel from under the skirt 12 spreads entirely around the bottom of the same and attacks the fuel all over the bottom. The tendency of the draft is to draw the air from the chamber 7 the shortest possible way; but inasmuch as the air-currents are distributed in the space 12 from the ducts 1O 13 it can readily be seen that an equal volume of air will be spread over the whole bottom of the fuel-bed. The air so introduced to the fuel attacks it in its upward course and liberates the gases, and the mixture rises with considerable force. The molecules of gas thus become ignited, while those not heated to a degree of ignition are further heated, mixed, and thrown back toward the fuel by the other air-currents. The action of the air introduced from the bottom is supplemented by the numerous air-currents introduced through the grooves 20. The numerous currents so introduced tend to add greater force to the air being drawn up from the fuel-bed, and as they are introduced at various angles and velocities the mixing of air and gas in the fire-pot is greatly enhanced; but attacking fuel by air-currents introduced in the same approximate line does not give the very best grade of combustion, and to overcome this difficulty I introduce air-currents against each other, and the two forces meeting, coupled with the liberated molecules of gas, create a series of resistances which not only tends to ignite the gases as they arise, but further tends to force back into the ignited fluel the heated products of combustion, and all attainable heat-generating gases are consumed. As indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, it will be observed that the air which passes up through the fuel, as well as the various currents delivered thereto through the grooves 20, are all susceptible to the mixing influences of the heated air delivered downwardly through the tube. Therefore if any molecules of gas are forced by the air intro duced from below to rise from the bed of fuel such gases immediately come within the influence of the downward current of air.

This mixture of air and gases is forced back into the incandescent mass of fuel and is converted into heat.

The success attained in using a stove thus constructed depends largely on the character of the fuel and the manner in which the operator manipulates the dampers. For burning lignite and other bituminous products, for which this stove is primarily designed, a large amount of air is required, this being more particularly true with the lignite; but in burning harder fuels the volume of air introduced must necessarily be regulated accordingly. Consequently the grade of the fuel will at all times be a factor which will guide the operator in determining whether more or less air is to be introduced through the tube to the top of the fuel or from the bottom.

A stove in actual use develops the fact that the mixing of and the attacking of the gases, as I have herein set forth, consumes the molecules of lignite-gases as rapidly as they are liberated, and when it is remembered that lignite has never been successfully utilized for heating purposes the value of this invention can be readily and fully appreciated by those skilled in the art to which it appertains.

WVhat I claim as new is- 1. In a stove, the combination with a casing,

of a fire-pot, an air-heating chamber, ducts leading therefrom, a skirt, aspace formed between the skirt and the stove-casing for supplying heated air to the bottom of the fuel, the ducts communicating with the space, means to introduce air to the top of the fuel, and an exit-flue communicating with the fire-- pot above the bed of the fuel, the air-currents passing through the fuel and the air-current supplied to the top thereof meeting and mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

2. In astove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an air-heating chamber having ducts, a skirt, a space formed to entirely surround the skirt, tapering ducts on the skirt Whose lower ends open into the space, the up per ends of the ducts registering and communicating with the ducts of the skirt, the space supplying air to the bottom of the fuel, means to introduce air to the top of the fuel, and an exit-flue communicating with the fire-pot above the bed of the fuel, the air-currents passing through the fuel and the air-current supplied to the top thereof meeting and mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

3. In astove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an exit-flue communicating with the fire-pot near the top thereof, an air-heating chamber located near the top of the firepot and substantially opposite the exit-flue, a skirt, a space formed to entirely surround the skirt, said space increasing in width toward the bottom, ducts communicating with the air-heating chamber and the space, and

means to introduce air to the top of the fuel, the air-currents passing through the fuel and the air-currents supplied to the top thereof meeting and mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

4. In a stove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an exit-flue communicating with the fire-pot above the bed of fuel, an air-heating chamber having ducts, a skirt, a space formed to surround the fire-pot, the ducts communicating with the air-heating chamber and the space to supply air below the fuel, openings formed for the passage of air from the space to the fire-pot, and means to introduce air to the top of the fuel, the air-current passing through the fuel and the air-current supplied to the top thereof meeting and mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

5. In astove, the combination witha casing, of a fire-pot, an exit-flue communicating with the fire-pot above the bed of fuel, an air-heating chamber having ducts, a skirt having a supporting-flange, a space formed to surround the fire-pot, the ducts communicating with the air-heating chamber and the space to supply air below the fuel, the flre-pot resting on and being supported by the flange on the skirt, openings formed intermediate the flange and the fire-pot for the passage of air, a tube to introduce air to the top of the fuel, the aircurrent passing through the fuel and the aircurrent supplied to the top thereof meeting and mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

6. In astove, the combination with acasing, of a fire-pot, an air heating chamber above the fire-pot, a skirt, a space formed between the skirt and the casing for supplying heated air to the fuel, the air-heating chamber communicating with the said space, the fire-pot being supported by the skirt, air-inlets formed at the juncture of the skirt and fire-pot for supplying streams of heated air to the fuel from the space surrounding the fire-pot, and an exit-flue above the level of the fuel, substantially as described.

7. In a stove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an air-heating chamber above the fire-pot, a skirt, a space formed. between the skirt and the casing, said space communicating with the air-heating chamber, a flange on the skirt, a flange on the fire-pot, the latter flange being supported by the flange of the skirt, openings formed atthe juncture of the two flanges for introducing heated air to the fire-pot from. the space surrounding the latter, and an exit-flue 'above the fuel, substantially as described.

8. In astove, the combination with acasing, of a fire-pot, an air-heat ng chamber,a skirt, a space formed between the skirt and stovecasing for supplying heated air to the bottom of the fire-pot, the air-heating chamber communicating with the space, means to introduce currents of heated air between the skirt and fire-pot, a tube depending from the upper portion of the stove whose length is adapted to be varied, a dome supported by said tube, and an exit-flue above the dome, the air-currents being deflected and mixed by the dome, substantially as described.

9. In a stove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an air-heating chamber, askirt, a space formed between the skirt and the easing for supplying heated air to the bottom of the fuel, the air-heating chamber communicating with the space, means to introduce heated air toward the fuel from the top, open ings formed between the skirt and the firepot to introduce currents of heated air to the fuel, an exit-flue above the bed of the fuel, and a dome intermediate the point where air is introduced above the fuel and the exit-flue, substantially as described.

10. In a stove, the combination with a casing, an air-heating chamber, a skirt, a space formed between the skirt and the casing, the air-heating chamber communicating with said space, a fire-pot, means on the skirt for supporting said fire-pot, and openings formed adjacent said means for the introduction of vertical currents of air to the fuel from the space contiguous the skirt, heated air being also introduced to the bottom of the fire-pot from said space and an exit-flue located above the fuel, substantially as described.

11. In a stove, the combination with acasing, a fire-pot, a telescoping tube formed in sections for introducing air to the fuel, a lug on one section, seats on the adjacent section to adapt the-lower section to varying levels, a dome supported by the tube, a skirt, a space surrounding the skirt, means for supplying said space with air, to mix with the air introduced through the tube, the dome deflecting and mixing the air, substantially as described.

12. In a stove, the combination with an airheating chamber, a fire-pot, a space formed around the lire-pot for supplying heated air to the under side of the fuel, a dome, means for supplying air to the top of the fuel and below the dome, and an exit-flue above the dome, the various air-currents meeting and mixing under the dome and being deflected and further mixed by thedome and then directed to a space between the dome and the sides of the stove structure in escaping to the exit-flue, substantially as described.

13. In a stove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, a grate, an air-heating chamber, a skirt, a space formed between the skirt and the stove-casing for supplying heated air to the bottom of the grate, the air-heating chamber communicating with the space, means to introduce air to the gases from the space in vertical streams contiguous the skirt, and an exit-flue communicating with the firepot above the bed of the fuel, the air-currents from the space and from the air-introducing means mixing with the gases under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

14. A stove comprisinga casing, a fire-pot, a skirt, an air heating chamber, a space formed intermediate the fire-pot, skirt and easing which communicates with the air-heating chamber, a tube for introducing air to the fuel from the top, an exit-flue at or near the top of the stove, and adome supported by the tube intermediate the fire-pot and the exitflue, the dome having a depression in one edge, substantially as described.

15. In a stove, the combination with a casing, of a fire-pot, an air-heating chamber, said chamber being heated by the products of combustion escaping from the fire-pot, a skirt, a space formed between the skirt and the easing for supplying heated air to the fuel, the air-heating chamber communicating with the said space, the fire-pot and skirt fitting against each other, air-inlets formed at the juncture of the skirt and fire-pot for supplying streams of heated air to the fuel from the space surrounding the fire-pot, and an exit-flue above the level of the fuel, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. EDIVIN R. CAHOONE.

Witnesses:

FRANK SHRANDER, N. MUNGER.

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