US7670845B2 - Indicator granular material - Google Patents

Indicator granular material Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US7670845B2
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: granular material; cat; granular; indicator; polymer layer
Prior art date: 2004-09-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Fee Related, expires 2026-02-20

Application number

US11/575,448

Other languages

English (en)

Other versions

US20090181466A1 (en

Inventor

Gunnar Wenzel

Dietmar Lange

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Mars Inc

Original Assignee

Mars Inc

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2004-09-23

Filing date

2005-09-02

Publication date

2010-03-02

2005-09-02 Application filed by Mars Inc filed Critical Mars Inc

2007-10-23 Assigned to MARS INCORPORATED reassignment MARS INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LANGE, DIETMAR, WENZEL, GUNNAR

2009-07-16 Publication of US20090181466A1 publication Critical patent/US20090181466A1/en

2010-03-02 Application granted granted Critical

2010-03-02 Publication of US7670845B2 publication Critical patent/US7670845B2/en

2026-02-20 Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
-1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 14
229920005787 opaque polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 5
239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
239000007793 ph indicator Substances 0.000 description 4
229920003119 EUDRAGIT E PO Polymers 0.000 description 3
238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
UUGXDEDGRPYWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylamino)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C UUGXDEDGRPYWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
MGUKYHHAGPFJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,1-dioxo-2,1$l^{6}-benzoxathiol-3-yl]-2,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C=2C(=CC(O)=C(C)C=2)C)=C1C MGUKYHHAGPFJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241000974482 Aricia saepiolus Species 0.000 description 1
WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1

Images

Classifications

- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing

Definitions

a wide variety of indicators for measuring the pH of a cat's urine are known from the state of the art. As a rule, such indicators take the form of granules or small scraps of various kinds, such as small strips of paper, which are impregnated with a wide variety of pH indicators. These indicators react to a change in pH by changing colour.
EP 0 569 232 A1 discloses a pH indicator material in which a coating made from an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer is applied to an inert core substrate, which coating likewise contains a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble pH indicator dye.
the pH indicator dye can alter its colour and thus indicate the change in the pH of a cat's urine.
the object the present invention is to provide an indicator material which overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art, i.e. in particular which makes it possible to determine unambiguously whether the pH of the urine has changed beyond a threshold level.
an indicator material should be capable of being used in a simple manner in a conventional cat lavatory.
a second granular material is substantially completely coated with a second polymer layer, which is solid at a first pH and is dissolved at a third pH.
indicator granular material is preferred in which the second pH lies in a range above 7, preferably above 7.5.
indicator granular material is preferably provided in which the first and second granular materials comprise biodegradable plastics material.
the second polymer coating is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and dimethyl amino-ethyl methacrylate, preferably in a ratio of 25:25:50.
indicator granular material in which the first and second polymer coatings are opaque.
the invention also encompasses a cat lavatory comprising indicator granular material in accordance with the invention.
an indicator granular material in accordance with the invention in a cat lavatory in order to determine the pH of a cat's urine.
the present invention offers a completely novel approach to determining the pH of a cat's urine in a cat lavatory.
the indicator granular material of the invention yields an unambiguous yes/no criterion as to whether certain pH threshold values have been reached. A difficult interpretation of the colour change in conventional indicators is no longer necessary.
the polymer coatings can be applied to the granular materials in a simple manner as solutions or suspensions, whereupon the solvent or suspending agent is evaporated.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the dissolution of a polymer layer of an indicator granular material in accordance with the invention as a function of the pH.
Section ( 1 ) of the figure shows plastics granular material 2 coated with an intact polymer coating 1 in order to form indicator granular material 3 .
Section ( 2 ) of the figure shows a condition of the indicator granular material 3 when the pH is in a critical range: the polymer coating around the plastics granular material 2 is becoming detached.
section ( 3 ) shows the indicator granular material 3 from which the polymer coating 1 has become completely detached. If the plastics granular material 2 is dyed, the colour indicates unambiguously that the pH of the cat urine is not within the desired range.
the indicator granular material of the invention makes it possible unambiguously and objectively to indicate a pH change beyond a threshold value.
the indicator granular material of the invention can be used not only for cats, but also for dogs and other small animals.

Landscapes

Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Environmental Sciences (AREA)
Zoology (AREA)
Animal Husbandry (AREA)
Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

US11/575,448 2004-09-23 2005-09-02 Indicator granular material Expired - Fee Related US7670845B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE102004046102		2004-09-23
DE102004046102A DE102004046102B4 (de)	2004-09-23	2004-09-23	Indikatorgranulat
DE102004046102.3		2004-09-23
PCT/EP2005/009453 WO2006032353A1 (en)	2004-09-23	2005-09-02	Indicator granular material

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US20090181466A1 US20090181466A1 (en)	2009-07-16
US7670845B2 true US7670845B2 (en)	2010-03-02

Family

ID=35395625

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US11/575,448 Expired - Fee Related US7670845B2 (en)	2004-09-23	2005-09-02	Indicator granular material

Country Status (6)

Country	Link
US (1)	US7670845B2 (de)
EP (1)	EP1791420B1 (de)
AT (1)	ATE534287T1 (de)
AU (1)	AU2005287648B2 (de)
DE (1)	DE102004046102B4 (de)
WO (1)	WO2006032353A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20090325304A1 (en) *	2008-02-28	2009-12-31	Francois Mestrallet	Mammalian Disease Detection System
US20130017612A1 (en) *	2011-07-11	2013-01-17	United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Spac	pH-Sensitive Microparticles with Matrix-Dispersed Active Agent
US9908799B2 (en)	2014-05-23	2018-03-06	Nch Corporation	Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water
US10653729B2 (en)	2013-10-25	2020-05-19	Nch Corporation	Delivery system and probiotic composition for animals and plants
US10660301B1 (en) *	2015-08-07	2020-05-26	Pretty Litter, Inc.	Health monitoring cat litter
US10766799B2 (en)	2014-05-23	2020-09-08	Nch Corporation	Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water using a nutrient germinant composition and spore incubation method
US11401500B2 (en)	2018-08-29	2022-08-02	Nch Corporation	System, method, and composition for incubating spores for use in aquaculture, agriculture, wastewater, and environmental remediation applications

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US8755747B2 (en)	2006-10-31	2014-06-17	Qualcomm Incorporated	Techniques to control transmit power for a shared antenna architecture
US8909165B2 (en) *	2009-03-09	2014-12-09	Qualcomm Incorporated	Isolation techniques for multiple co-located radio modules
US9693390B2 (en)	2009-06-01	2017-06-27	Qualcomm Incorporated	Techniques to manage a mobile device based on network density
DE102011075667A1 (de) *	2011-05-11	2012-11-15	Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.	Verpackung
DE102011082716A1 (de) *	2011-09-14	2013-03-14	Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.	Indikatorelement mit einer von einer in kontakt zu bringenden substanz abhängigen farbgebung
US9291570B2 (en) *	2013-06-26	2016-03-22	Eastman Kodak Company	Reactive indicator compositions and articles containing same
US9289528B2 (en) *	2013-06-26	2016-03-22	Eastman Kodak Company	Methods for using indicator compositions
DE102017118504A1 (de) *	2017-08-14	2019-02-14	Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg	Schutzvorrichtung für einen optochemischen Sensor und entsprechender optochemischer Sensor

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US3051661A (en) *	1956-07-03	1962-08-28	Miles Lab	ph indicator units in tablet form
EP0088951A2 (de)	1982-03-11	1983-09-21	Röhm Gmbh	Verfahren zum Überziehen von Arzneiformen mittels eines in Wasser dispergierten Überzugsmittels
US5143023A (en)	1990-10-16	1992-09-01	Kleanheart, Inc.	Animal litter with chemically bound chemical indicators
EP0569232A1 (de)	1992-05-05	1993-11-10	Anitox Corporation	PH-Indikatormaterial und dieses Material enthaltendes Katzenstreu
US5371054A (en)	1993-08-13	1994-12-06	Engelhard Corporation	Compositions for use as diagnostic animal litter and methods for their preparation
US5468450A (en) *	1993-12-16	1995-11-21	Michael; Richard D.	Expanding vehicle for colorimetric diagnostic assays
US5534269A (en)	1993-07-05	1996-07-09	Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Method of producing sustained-release preparation
US5554147A (en) *	1994-02-01	1996-09-10	Caphco, Inc.	Compositions and devices for controlled release of active ingredients
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EP1029448A1 (de)	1997-10-24	2000-08-23	Tolsa S.A.	Antibackerielles mittel, ihre herstellung und verwendung
US6162646A (en)	1996-04-03	2000-12-19	William H. Webster	Urine pH indicator system and associated methods
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US20020133189A1 (en) *	2001-02-09	2002-09-19	Concentric Medical, Inc., A Delaware Corporation	Methods and devices for delivering occlusion elements
DE10260920A1 (de)	2002-12-20	2004-07-01	Röhm GmbH & Co. KG	Verfahren zur Herstellung von Arnzeiformen oder Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln mit pigmentierten Polymerüberzügen
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2004
- 2004-09-23 DE DE102004046102A patent/DE102004046102B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
2005
- 2005-09-02 AT AT05779564T patent/ATE534287T1/de active
- 2005-09-02 WO PCT/EP2005/009453 patent/WO2006032353A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-02 EP EP05779564A patent/EP1791420B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-09-02 AU AU2005287648A patent/AU2005287648B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-02 US US11/575,448 patent/US7670845B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3051661A (en) *	1956-07-03	1962-08-28	Miles Lab	ph indicator units in tablet form
EP0088951A2 (de)	1982-03-11	1983-09-21	Röhm Gmbh	Verfahren zum Überziehen von Arzneiformen mittels eines in Wasser dispergierten Überzugsmittels
US4520172A (en)	1982-03-11	1985-05-28	Rohm Gmbh	Method for coating medicaments
US5143023A (en)	1990-10-16	1992-09-01	Kleanheart, Inc.	Animal litter with chemically bound chemical indicators
EP0569232A1 (de)	1992-05-05	1993-11-10	Anitox Corporation	PH-Indikatormaterial und dieses Material enthaltendes Katzenstreu
US5267532A (en) *	1992-05-05	1993-12-07	Anitox Corporation	pH-indicating material and cat litter containing same
DE69420632T2 (de)	1993-07-05	2000-03-02	Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Verfahren zur Herstellung von Arzneizubereitungen mit verzögerter Wirkstoffabgabe
US5534269A (en)	1993-07-05	1996-07-09	Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Method of producing sustained-release preparation
US5371054A (en)	1993-08-13	1994-12-06	Engelhard Corporation	Compositions for use as diagnostic animal litter and methods for their preparation
US5468450A (en) *	1993-12-16	1995-11-21	Michael; Richard D.	Expanding vehicle for colorimetric diagnostic assays
US5554147A (en) *	1994-02-01	1996-09-10	Caphco, Inc.	Compositions and devices for controlled release of active ingredients
US6309666B1 (en)	1995-07-20	2001-10-30	Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	Pharmaceutical preparation in form of coated capsule releasable at lower part of digestive tract
DE69624047T2 (de)	1995-07-20	2003-08-14	Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	Im unteren Teil des Verdauungstrakts freisetzende pharmazeutische Zubereitung in Form einer beschichteten Kapsel
US6162646A (en)	1996-04-03	2000-12-19	William H. Webster	Urine pH indicator system and associated methods
US5996534A (en) *	1996-07-11	1999-12-07	Pet Eceology Brands, Inc.	Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines
EP1029448A1 (de)	1997-10-24	2000-08-23	Tolsa S.A.	Antibackerielles mittel, ihre herstellung und verwendung
US6019062A (en)	1997-12-15	2000-02-01	Lombard; Marsha M.	Animal litter
US6376252B1 (en)	1999-08-19	2002-04-23	Environmental Test Systems, Inc.	Preparation and method for cat box filler additive capable of detecting feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
US20020133189A1 (en) *	2001-02-09	2002-09-19	Concentric Medical, Inc., A Delaware Corporation	Methods and devices for delivering occlusion elements
DE10260920A1 (de)	2002-12-20	2004-07-01	Röhm GmbH & Co. KG	Verfahren zur Herstellung von Arnzeiformen oder Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln mit pigmentierten Polymerüberzügen
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20090325304A1 (en) *	2008-02-28	2009-12-31	Francois Mestrallet	Mammalian Disease Detection System
US8062902B2 (en) *	2008-02-28	2011-11-22	Nullodor Usa Llc	Mammalian disease detection system
US20130017612A1 (en) *	2011-07-11	2013-01-17	United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Spac	pH-Sensitive Microparticles with Matrix-Dispersed Active Agent
US8859288B2 (en) *	2011-07-11	2014-10-14	The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration	pH-sensitive microparticles with matrix-dispersed active agent
US10653729B2 (en)	2013-10-25	2020-05-19	Nch Corporation	Delivery system and probiotic composition for animals and plants
US12115199B2 (en)	2013-10-25	2024-10-15	Nch Corporation	Delivery system and probiotic composition for animals and plants
US9908799B2 (en)	2014-05-23	2018-03-06	Nch Corporation	Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water
US10766799B2 (en)	2014-05-23	2020-09-08	Nch Corporation	Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water using a nutrient germinant composition and spore incubation method
US10660301B1 (en) *	2015-08-07	2020-05-26	Pretty Litter, Inc.	Health monitoring cat litter
US11076577B1 (en) *	2015-08-07	2021-08-03	Pretty Litter, Inc.	Health monitoring cat litter
US12250922B2 (en)	2015-08-07	2025-03-18	Pretty Litter, Inc.	Health monitoring cat litter
US11401500B2 (en)	2018-08-29	2022-08-02	Nch Corporation	System, method, and composition for incubating spores for use in aquaculture, agriculture, wastewater, and environmental remediation applications

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP1791420A1 (de)	2007-06-06
DE102004046102A1 (de)	2006-04-06
ATE534287T1 (de)	2011-12-15
DE102004046102B4 (de)	2009-09-03
EP1791420B1 (de)	2011-11-23
WO2006032353A1 (en)	2006-03-30
US20090181466A1 (en)	2009-07-16
AU2005287648A1 (en)	2006-03-30
AU2005287648B2 (en)	2009-08-20

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2007-10-23	AS	Assignment	Owner name: MARS INCORPORATED, VIRGINIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WENZEL, GUNNAR;LANGE, DIETMAR;REEL/FRAME:020002/0782;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070323 TO 20070402 Owner name: MARS INCORPORATED,VIRGINIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WENZEL, GUNNAR;LANGE, DIETMAR;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070323 TO 20070402;REEL/FRAME:020002/0782
2010-06-01	CC	Certificate of correction
2013-03-14	FPAY	Fee payment	Year of fee payment: 4
2017-10-16	FEPP	Fee payment procedure	Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.)
2018-04-02	LAPS	Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees	Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.)
2018-04-02	STCH	Information on status: patent discontinuation	Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362
2018-04-24	FP	Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee	Effective date: 20180302

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US7670845B2 (en)	2010-03-02	Indicator granular material
US5267532A (en)	1993-12-07	pH-indicating material and cat litter containing same
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