US7702898B2 - Method for authenticating and verifying SMS communications - Google Patents

Method for authenticating and verifying SMS communications Download PDF

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Publication number
US7702898B2
US7702898B2 US10/513,572 US51357205A US7702898B2 US 7702898 B2 US7702898 B2 US 7702898B2 US 51357205 A US51357205 A US 51357205A US 7702898 B2 US7702898 B2 US 7702898B2
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message
computational device
receiver
encrypted
codes
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US20060098678A1 (en
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Clarence Nyap Tan
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Wireless Applications Pty Ltd
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Wireless Applications Pty Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/04Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/71Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
    • G06F21/72Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information in cryptographic circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/58Message adaptation for wireless communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/06Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
    • H04L63/061Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network for key exchange, e.g. in peer-to-peer networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H04L9/3242Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving keyed hash functions, e.g. message authentication codes [MACs], CBC-MAC or HMAC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/03Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
    • H04W12/033Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption of the user plane, e.g. user's traffic
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2101Auditing as a secondary aspect
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2135Metering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2143Clearing memory, e.g. to prevent the data from being stolen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80Wireless
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2463/00Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
    • H04L2463/061Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying further key derivation, e.g. deriving traffic keys from a pair-wise master key
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H04L63/0442Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply asymmetric encryption, i.e. different keys for encryption and decryption
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12Applying verification of the received information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/10Integrity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/60Context-dependent security
    • H04W12/69Identity-dependent
    • H04W12/72Subscriber identity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a method for facilitating secure transactions over a wireless medium.
  • the invention is concerned with a method for authenticating and verifying text messages sent to wireless devices such as cell phones.
  • SMS short message services
  • a message of up to 160 characters of text may be entered, by means of a sender phone's keypad, or by a PC keyboard via the Internet, and transmitted over a telephone network for display on a receiver phone's display screen.
  • SMS web-server provides a gateway to a telephone network in order to deliver the message to the addressed cell phone where it is displayed in standard SMS format.
  • a method for operating a first computational means to facilitate the secure transfer of a message between the first computational means and a second computational means comprising operating the first computational means according to the following steps:
  • the first computational means comprises a computer network server in communication with a cellular telephone network.
  • the computer network in question may be the Internet.
  • the message may originate at a content sender in the form of a personal computer connected to the first computational device by means of a network such as the internet.
  • the first computational means may comprise a cellular phone.
  • the second computational device will usually be a cellular phone and that the message will be delivered to the cellular phone in SMS format.
  • the step of forming an encrypted message will normally involve forming the key on the basis of the cellular phone's phone number and a personal identification number to be used by the owner of the cellular phone.
  • the step of transmitting the encrypted message to the cellular phone includes transmitting a message identifier that is associated with the encrypted message.
  • the cellular phone transmits both the encrypted message and the message identifier back to the first computational means.
  • the method may further include the step of the computational means generating an error code if the message identifier is not received back from the cellular phone within a predetermined time period.
  • the one or more codes comprise a PIN and CLI associated with the cellular phone.
  • the first computational means may check the PIN and CLI for consistency in length and/or field type.
  • the method further includes the step of sending an error status message to the content sender advising of any error conditions.
  • the method may include a step of encrypting the message with a private key of the first computational means and a public key of the second computational means
  • the method may be used to conduct financial transactions between a financial institution and a client of said institution where the client operates the cellular phone and the institution operates the computer network server.
  • a computer software product provided upon a computer readable medium, for execution by a computational device, the computer readable medium including instructions for:
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the entities involved during the performance of a secure messaging method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 includes the entities of FIG. 1 and additionally shows messages that are transferred between the depicted entities during the secure messaging method.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of operation of a secure server handling messages outgoing to receiver according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method of operation of a secure server handling messages incoming from a receiver according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 schematically depicts an application of a secure messaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 depicts the steps involved in a fund transfer operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the steps involved in a B-Pay operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the steps involved in a balance inquiry operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 depicts the parties involved in a transaction according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 depicts the steps involved in a transaction according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the entities involved in a secure SMS transaction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Content sender 2 will typically be client workstation, for example a personal computer, at which a message to be sent to receiver 6 originates.
  • Security server 4 is a web-server in communication with the content sender.
  • the security server executes a software product that contains instructions for executing a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the security server is able to establish communications with receiver 6 which is typically an SMS capable cell phone.
  • the communication between content sender 2 and security server 4 may be by means of an SSL (secure socket layer) Internet connection, for example.
  • Security server 4 provides a gateway between the content sender and a cell phone telephone network to which receiver 6 is a subscriber. It will be realised that the functionality of security server 4 may be integrated into content sender 2 .
  • the content sender 2 could comprise a cell phone. Accordingly, in other embodiments the present invention may be used to facilitate secure messaging directly between two computational devices comprising cell phones
  • security server 4 awaits an incoming data package 8 from content sender 2 .
  • Data packet 8 contains a message for receiver 6 along with the receiver's PIN number and telephone number or line identifier (CLI).
  • CLI telephone number or line identifier
  • security server 4 assigns a unique message identifier (MID) to the received data packet.
  • message identifier is stored in memory of security server 4 .
  • receiver's phone number (CLI) and PIN are retrieved from data package 8 .
  • the security server generates an encryption key from the PIN and CLI according to a standard algorithm. If two-way authentication is required a PKI (public key infrastructure) technique may be employed by which the message is encrypted with the private key of the sender and the public key of the receiver.
  • PKI public key infrastructure
  • the message is encrypted using the encryption key to produce an encrypted message Enc ⁇ Msg ⁇ .
  • the encrypted message and unique message identifier, MID are packaged to form a data package 10 .
  • Data package 10 also includes a text message, which is displayed on receiver 6 as a request to enter the user PIN.
  • Data package 10 is transmitted to receiver 6 at box 32 .
  • the security server then, at box 34 , purges itself of information from data packet 8 , including the message, PIN code, phone number, key and encrypted data.
  • a clock is started that records the time at which a message with the unique message identifier allocated in box 22 was transmitted.
  • the MID is stored on server 4 , along with a timeout value for future use as will be explained shortly.
  • Data package 12 Upon receiver 6 receiving data package 10 a text message requesting a PIN be entered is displayed. The user of receiver 6 then replies entering the PIN. Data package 12 is then transmitted back to security server 4 . Data package 12 contains the receiver's phone number (CLI), PIN and the information which was in data package 10 being the message identifier (MID) and the encrypted message Enc ⁇ Msg ⁇ .
  • security server 4 receives data package 12 from receiver 6 .
  • the security server obtains the message identifier MID and CLI from the data package and checks to see if the timeout value for that message identifier has been exceeded at box 40 . If the timer has indeed timed out then control diverts to box 41 where an error message is transmitted to the content server.
  • the message ID and user phone number are extracted from the incoming data package at boxes 42 and 46 .
  • the message ID is checked to see if it is valid.
  • the user's PIN code is extracted from the incoming data package.
  • a check is undertaken to ensure that the PIN and receiver phone number (CLI) are correct.
  • a key is generated from the receivers phone number and PIN.
  • the key is used to decrypt the encrypted message Enc ⁇ Msg ⁇ .
  • the decrypted message item 14 of FIG. 2 , is sent to receiver 6 using the receiver's phone number.
  • a status message along with the message identifier (MID) 16 , ( FIG. 2 ) is sent to the content sender 2 .
  • the status message comprises an error code that reflects whether or not the authentication and verification process terminated successfully.
  • the error code may indicate if the message identifier received back from receiver 6 was invalid, if the PIN and/or CLI from the receiver were invalid or if the decryption of Enc ⁇ Msg ⁇ from the receiver was unsuccessful. If no errors were encountered then the error message will indicate that the procedure was successful.
  • the security server purges from its memory the user PIN, receiver phone number, encryption key and the decrypted message.
  • a software product executable by security server 4 for implementation of the above method will preferably include instructions for
  • a stockbroker 70 on completion of a stock transaction deal for a customer having a receiver 6 (i.e. a cell phone), generates a message by means of content sender (personal computer) 2 .
  • the message is encrypted and sent to the customer's cell phone 6 .
  • the customer enters a PIN into receiver 6 which, along with the encrypted message and the customer's phone number (CLI) is sent back to secure server 4 .
  • This is normally done by using the “Reply” function that is available on most cell phones.
  • the secure server receives the response from the receiver 6 and decrypts the message using the CLI and PIN to generate the decryption key.
  • the decrypted message is then sent back to the receiver and a status message is sent to the content sender 2 either confirming that the message was successfully delivered or providing an error code if message delivery failed.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the interaction between a cell phone user 6 and the web-server 4 of a financial institution. Initially, at box 72 the cell phone user initiates a funds transfer by sending an SMS message, optionally with username, to secure web-server 4 .
  • the web-server verifies the user using the cell phone's CLI and the username that is in the message.
  • Web-server 4 responds with an SMS menu having a number of options. For example the options may be to make a balance inquiry or to make a funds transfer or a to make a payment.
  • the user receives the menu message and replies by selecting the desired option. For example user 6 may decide to make a funds transfer.
  • the secure web-server 4 verifies the user using the CLI and sends an appropriate response depending on which menu item the user selected at box 76 .
  • the secure web-server may send a request for user 6 to confirm on which of its accounts the funds transfer is to be performed.
  • the user enters any data necessary for the transfer to continue into cell phone 6 .
  • the data may be the amount to be transferred and identification of the account from which the amount is to be transferred and the destination account.
  • secure web-server 4 once again verifies the user on the basis of the cell phone's CLI.
  • An encrypted SMS message is sent confirming that the funds transfer is ready to proceed. Also sent is a non-encrypted message requesting the user to enter a PIN.
  • the user receives the request for PIN and returns the PIN and the encrypted message.
  • the server verifies the user using the cell phone's CLI, PIN and receipt of the encrypted message. Once verified, confirmation of the requested transaction is sent back to user 6 and displayed at box 87 on the user's cell phone. For example a message such as “You have transferred ⁇ amount> from ⁇ Account No. 1 > to ⁇ Account No. 2 >.” may be sent.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the exchange of information between the user of a cell phone 6 and the secure web-server 4 of a financial institution in order to make a B-Pay transaction.
  • the cell phone user initiates a B-Pay transaction by sending an appropriate SMS message, with username, to secure web-server 4 .
  • the web-server verifies the user by means of the cell phone's CLI and the username that is in the message.
  • Web-server 4 responds with an SMS menu having a number of options including a B-Pay transaction option and, for example, a balance option and a fund transfer option.
  • the user receives the menu message and replies by selecting the B-Pay transaction option.
  • secure web-server 4 verifies the user using the CLI and sends an appropriate response for example a query as to which account the B-Pay transaction amount should come from.
  • user 6 enters the account to be debited for the transaction and the B-Pay payee's code.
  • secure web-server 4 once again verifies the user on the basis of the cell phone's CLI.
  • An encrypted SMS message is sent to the user's cell-phone confirming that the funds transfer is ready to proceed and requesting the user to enter a PIN in the event that a transaction request has been confirmed.
  • the user receives the request for PIN and enters the pin number into cell phone 6 and transmits it web-server 4 .
  • a message including the PIN number and the encrypted message is returned to web-server 4 .
  • the server verifies the user using the cell phone's CLI, PIN and the receipt of the encrypted message. Once verified confirmation that the requested transaction is completed is sent back to the cell phone.
  • the cell phone displays the confirmation message.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the exchange of information between the user of a cell phone 6 and the secure web-server 4 of a financial institution in order to make a balance inquiry.
  • the cell phone user initiates a balance inquiry by sending an appropriate SMS message, with username, to secure web-server 4 .
  • the web-server verifies the user by means of the cell phone's CLI and the username that is in the message.
  • Web-server 4 responds with an SMS menu having a number of options including a balance inquiry option. Other options on the menu might be, for example an option to make a transfer of funds and an option to make a B-pay payment.
  • the user receives the menu message and replies by selecting the balance inquiry option.
  • the secure web-server 4 verifies the user using the CLI and sends an appropriate response for example a query as to which of the user's accounts the balance inquiry should be in respect of.
  • the user selects the account to be queried.
  • secure web-server 4 once again verifies the user on the basis of the cell phone's CLI.
  • An encrypted SMS message confirming that the requested balance is to be made available is sent back to the user along with a request that the user to enter his/her PIN.
  • the user receives the encrypted message and the request for PIN. The user enters the PIN into cell phone 6 and sends the PIN and the encrypted message back to the web server.
  • the server verifies the user using the cell phone's CLI and PIN and returned encrypted message. Once verified a non-encrypted message stating the account balance for the account in question is sent back to the user's cell phone 6 for display on the cell phone at box 125 .
  • FIG. 9 A further embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to an example depicted in FIG. 9 .
  • a party X 152 instructs his bank's server, host X 154 , to transfer funds to party Y's account, where host Y is a server of party Y's bank.
  • Party Y may be confident that the message from party X had not been tampered with en-route.
  • the hash is unique to a particular message—allegedly different content would have produced hashed output different to that received and successfully decrypted.
  • Confidentiality messages encrypted with party Y's public key can only be decrypted using party Y's private key.
  • Party X may be confident that his message to Y has not been tampered with en-route.
  • private keys are stored in an encrypted form, i.e. a synchronous form, on the server.
  • the only way to access such keys is to unlock them with a key supplied by the end user. It will be readily apparent that the method may be readily extended to allow users to host their own private keys on their phones or other devices.
  • Methods according to embodiments of the present invention may be readily adapted to other financial transactions between a remote cell phone user and a server of a financial institution.
  • the system may also be used to make credit card payments.
  • encrypted messages may be sent inside multi-media messaging service (MMS) pictures.
  • MMS multi-media messaging service
  • the message may be embedded inside an image according to steganography techniques. In this way, an image of a person can be used to verify an identity, while at the same time, embedded content in the image can be used to transmit information. That is, the originator of the message is both visually and electronically identified.

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AUPS2170A AUPS217002A0 (en) 2002-05-07 2002-05-07 Clarence tan
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AUPS217002A0 (en) 2002-06-06
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WO2003096615A1 (en) 2003-11-20
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ATE485691T1 (de) 2010-11-15
EP1502383A1 (de) 2005-02-02
EP1502383B1 (de) 2010-10-20
AU2003225327A1 (en) 2003-11-11
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US20060098678A1 (en) 2006-05-11
EP1502383A4 (de) 2009-09-09
CN1653746A (zh) 2005-08-10

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