US7813515B2 - Multi-channel power amplifier with channels independently self-configuring to a bridge or single-ended output, particularly for audio applications - Google Patents

Multi-channel power amplifier with channels independently self-configuring to a bridge or single-ended output, particularly for audio applications Download PDF

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US7813515B2
US7813515B2 US10/865,039 US86503904A US7813515B2 US 7813515 B2 US7813515 B2 US 7813515B2 US 86503904 A US86503904 A US 86503904A US 7813515 B2 US7813515 B2 US 7813515B2
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channel
channels
node
load
driving
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US20050025323A1 (en
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Edoardo Botti
Fabio Cagnetti
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STMicroelectronics SRL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/72—Gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0277—Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H03F1/3211—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in differential amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate in general to amplifiers and in particular to amplifiers with a reduced power consumption specially for car audio and HI-FI audio applications.
  • HI-FI audio systems and similar apparatuses that are intrinsically compact because of stringent installation requirements, as well as in portable apparatuses, power dissipation in final power stages, often quadrupled in order to drive a pair of loudspeakers (front and rear) for each stereo channel, may create heat balance problems.
  • D-type switching amplifiers are highly efficient and are considered the most appropriate type for these applications.
  • class AB power amplifiers are less efficient than switching amplifiers and a common technique for reducing power consumption of class AB amplifiers consists in configuring them in single-ended instead of in bridge configuration, whenever it is possible to do so.
  • these amplifiers dissipate more power in bridge configuration than in single-ended configuration as long as the amplitude of the output signal remains smaller than the positive supply voltage.
  • the U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,821 discloses a bridge amplifier using a positive and a negative supply voltage sources, that may function in single-ended or in differential or bridge output configuration, depending on the level of the output signal. Substantially, a comparator changes the output circuital configuration of the amplifier from a bridge configuration to a single-ended configuration or vice versa by closing or opening configuring switches, when the output signal becomes smaller than or greater than a certain threshold voltage.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,365,188 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,688 disclose a single supply dual bridge power amplifier, having a window comparator for sensing the level of input signals fed to the amplifier and driving the switches that coordinately configure the amplifier in either a bridge or in a single-ended configuration.
  • FIG. 1 A system of the type disclosed in the above mentioned patents is schematically shown in FIG. 1 .
  • OP 1 +, OP 1 ⁇ , OP 2 +, OP 2 ⁇ are respectively input with the signals Ch 1 and Ch 2 for driving two loudspeakers.
  • a window comparator is input with the two signals Ch 1 and Ch 2 and positions the switches that connect the loudspeaker of the channel Ch 2 either to the output of the operational amplifier (OP 2 +) or to a certain reference voltage V REF .
  • the operational amplifier OP 1 ⁇ is configured by the window comparator that positions the path-selector shown within the dotted perimeter for functioning as a voltage buffer outputting the reference voltage V REF , by coupling an input thereof to a fixed voltage V F .
  • the switches of the power amplifier are shown in the position that configures the amplifier with two single-ended channels driving the respective loudspeakers.
  • each channel has a dedicated window comparator monitoring the level of the input signal of the channel that generates a logic signal for positioning the switches that configure the output power structure of the channel in single-ended or bridge configuration.
  • a dedicated window comparator monitoring the level of the input signal of the channel that generates a logic signal for positioning the switches that configure the output power structure of the channel in single-ended or bridge configuration.
  • a distinct voltage reference buffer is employed, to which any single-ended channel of the multi-channel amplifier may be connected.
  • a multi-channel power amplifier for driving a plurality of loads, each associated with a respective channel, each channel comprising a pair of operational amplifiers, first and second, one operational amplifier of each channel being connectable by configuring switches either in a bridge configuration with the other operational amplifier or in single-ended configuration to a constant reference voltage output by a dedicated voltage buffer of the multi-channel amplifier for driving the respective load of the channel, and further comprising a window comparator for monitoring the level of the input signal of the channel and producing a logic control signal for the configuring switches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical two channel self-configuring power amplifier of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 depicts a pair of two channel power amplifiers of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 depicts a two channel self-configuring power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 4 depicts a four channel amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention connectable in single-ended or bridge configuration
  • FIG. 5 depicts an amplifier having four channels connectable in single-ended or bridge configuration and a fifth single-ended channel according to an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 6 depicts an amplifier having five channels connectable in single-ended or bridge configuration according to an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a four channel power amplifier of this invention for car audio applications
  • FIG. 8 shows comparison curves of power dissipation of a standard four bridge amplifier, of a known high efficiency self-configuring bridge amplifier, and of a configurable amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 9 shows comparison curves of temperature increases over room temperature reached by the heat sink of the power amplifiers of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 10 shows comparison curves of the temperature increase over room temperature of the heat sink of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention for car audio applications, when the right and left audio signals are in-phase and out-phased by 180°.
  • FIG. 3 A basic scheme of a self-configuring two channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention is depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • a dedicated unique voltage buffer Vref_BUFFER distinct from the operational amplifiers, that outputs a reference voltage V REF
  • a dedicated window comparator sensing the level of the signal input to the channel and controlling the switches that configure the output of the channel in a bridge or single-ended configuration with the voltage buffer.
  • the output power structure of each channel comprises a pair of operational amplifiers, preferably functioning in class AB for keeping as low as possible electromagnetic emissions, that may be independently connected in a configuration equivalent to a bridge power amplifier or in a configuration equivalent to a single-ended power amplifier.
  • the respective load is connected between the output of an operational amplifier and the output node at the constant reference voltage V REF of the voltage buffer Vref_BUFFER.
  • the second operational amplifier is inactive.
  • the two operational amplifiers of a channel are connected in a bridge configuration when the positions of the respective configuring switches are inverted.
  • the relative window comparator commands the second operational amplifier of the channel to tristate when the load of the channel is driven in single-ended configuration, and releases the second operational amplifier from tristate when the load is driven through an output bridge.
  • the novel power amplifier of this embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous in applications that require more than two channels, such as in advanced car audio applications.
  • a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention may have any number of channels, as shown in FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 , that may be independently switched from a single-ended to a bridge configuration and vice versa, if not designed specifically to function always in single-ended configuration, like channel Ch 5 of the amplifier of FIG. 5 .
  • the current absorption of a single-ended channel is balanced by all other channels, and not only by the single-ended channel connected to it, as in the power amplifier of FIG. 2 .
  • a power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention particularly suited for car audio applications is depicted in FIG. 7 . It is substantially composed of four channels ChFR, ChRR, ChRL and ChFL driving a front right, rear right, rear left and front left loudspeakers, respectively.
  • audio signals are fed to the inverting (or non inverting) inputs of the first operational amplifiers of the pairs of the front right and rear left channels that are always connected to the respective loads, while the audio signals are fed to the non inverting (or inverting) inputs of the operational amplifiers of the rear right and front left channels.
  • the front right and front left audio signals ChFR and ChFL are substantially two random variables whose mean values are null.
  • FIGS. 8 , 9 , and 10 show results of simulations of a four channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention with a standard four bridge power amplifier, that is a four bridge power amplifier composed of standard class AB operational amplifiers, and with a high efficiency self-configuring power amplifier according to the prior art, carried out with the software program MATLABTM.
  • FIG. 8 the power consumption characteristics of the compared power amplifiers in function of the power delivered to the load for certain values of phase difference.
  • the power amplifiers have four channels driven with sine signals of the same amplitude and each supplying four loads of 4 ⁇ .
  • the first curve refers to a four channel standard power amplifier (SPA) regardless of what the phase difference between the input audio signals of the channels is.
  • the same curve also refers to a self-configuring four channels high efficiency power amplifier (HI_EFF) of the prior art, as depicted in FIG. 2 when the front and rear channels are outphased by 180°.
  • the second curve, identified with the symbol “•”, refers to the same self-configuring four channel high efficiency power amplifier (HI_EFF) of FIG. 2 , when the front and rear channels are outphased by 90°.
  • the third curve refers to the same four channel high efficiency power amplifier (HI_EFF) of the prior art when the input audio signals of the rear and front channels are in phase.
  • the same curve also refers to the self-configuring four channel power amplifier (INV) as depicted in FIG. 7 regardless of what the phase difference between the input audio signals of the front and rear channels is.
  • the current absorbed by a front (rear) channel may be compensated only by the current flowing in the rear (front) channel connected to it when it is in phase thereto, but when the currents in the front and rear channels are in phase opposition, the total current absorbed by each voltage buffer OP 1 ⁇ and OP 3 ⁇ is twice the current circulating in each channel.
  • FIG. 9 the temperature increases in the heat sink of a standard four channel power amplifier (SPA), of a known self-configuring four channel high efficiency power amplifier (HI_EFF), and of a self-configuring four channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention (INV) are shown.
  • the supplied loads were four loudspeakers and the audio signals input to the front and rear channels were outphased by 3 ms.
  • FIG. 10 are shown the performances of the power amplifier according to an embodiment of this invention as depicted in FIG. 7 when the audio signals input to the (front and rear) left channels are in phase with the audio signals input to the (front and rear) right channels and when there is a phase difference of 180°.
  • the front and rear channels were outphased by 3 ms and each channel had a 4 ⁇ load.
  • the circuits of FIGS. 4-7 may be disposed on one or more respective integrated circuits, which may be incorporated in electronic systems such as a car radio.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US10/865,039 2003-06-09 2004-06-09 Multi-channel power amplifier with channels independently self-configuring to a bridge or single-ended output, particularly for audio applications Active 2029-03-18 US7813515B2 (en)

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EP03425358 2003-06-09
EP03425358.3 2003-06-09
EP03425358A EP1487100A1 (fr) 2003-06-09 2003-06-09 Amplificateur multicanal de puissance à sortie avec configuration automatique asymétrique ou en pont, indépendante de canaux, en particulier pour applications audio

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US20100272277A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Marcel Joho Dynamically Configurable ANR Signal Processing Topology
US20100272278A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Marcel Joho Dynamically Configurable ANR Filter Block Topology
US20100272276A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Carreras Ricardo F ANR Signal Processing Topology
US20100272282A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-28 Carreras Ricardo F ANR Settings Triple-Buffering
US20110188665A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2011-08-04 Burge Benjamin D Convertible filter
US9602070B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2017-03-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power amplifying device
US9858930B2 (en) 2015-06-26 2018-01-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Electronic device and audio converting method thereof
US11171617B2 (en) 2018-11-21 2021-11-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power amplifying device and audio equipment
US11437958B2 (en) 2020-03-23 2022-09-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power amplifying device and audio system

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US7327803B2 (en) 2004-10-22 2008-02-05 Parkervision, Inc. Systems and methods for vector power amplification
US7355470B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2008-04-08 Parkervision, Inc. Systems and methods of RF power transmission, modulation, and amplification, including embodiments for amplifier class transitioning
JP2008527882A (ja) * 2005-01-14 2008-07-24 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 音声信号の音響レベルを周波数に依存して増幅する信号処理装置及び音声システム及びその方法
US20060285702A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Felder Matthew D Multi-mode driver circuit
US20130078934A1 (en) 2011-04-08 2013-03-28 Gregory Rawlins Systems and Methods of RF Power Transmission, Modulation, and Amplification
US8013675B2 (en) 2007-06-19 2011-09-06 Parkervision, Inc. Combiner-less multiple input single output (MISO) amplification with blended control
US7911272B2 (en) 2007-06-19 2011-03-22 Parkervision, Inc. Systems and methods of RF power transmission, modulation, and amplification, including blended control embodiments
US7937106B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2011-05-03 ParkerVision, Inc, Systems and methods of RF power transmission, modulation, and amplification, including architectural embodiments of same
US8031804B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2011-10-04 Parkervision, Inc. Systems and methods of RF tower transmission, modulation, and amplification, including embodiments for compensating for waveform distortion
US7620129B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2009-11-17 Parkervision, Inc. RF power transmission, modulation, and amplification, including embodiments for generating vector modulation control signals
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US8677435B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2014-03-18 Intel Corporation Upstream power control for multiple transmit channels
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US9660675B2 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-05-23 Analog Devices Global Digital predistortion and uptilt and cable communication
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US10320340B1 (en) 2018-01-11 2019-06-11 Analog Devices Global Unlimited Company Frequency-shaped digital predistortion
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Cited By (15)

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